AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room

Airflow and Lift over an Airfoil

An experimental report claims that the difference in airspeed over the top and bottom surfaces of an

Airflow Over a Wing

An airplane wing has a surface area of 16 m². The pressure difference between the bottom and the top

Analysis of Buoyant Force on a Submerged Sphere

A solid sphere with a radius of 0.2 m is completely submerged in water (density = $$1000\;kg/m^{3}$$

Analyzing the Stability of Floating Vessels

A naval architect is comparing the stability of two boat designs that have the same overall volume (

Bernoulli's Data Analysis

An experiment is conducted where a fluid flows through a horizontal pipe. A graph showing the variat

Bernoulli's Equation in Constricted Flow

Water flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually narrows. At Point 1, the cross-sectional area i

Bernoulli's Equation with Elevation Change

Water flows from a pump at point 1 where the speed is 1 m/s (elevation 0). It then flows to point 2,

Bernoulli’s Principle and Pressure Measurements

Water is pumped through a horizontal pipe that constricts and expands in diameter. At Point 1 in the

Bernoulli's Principle in a Constricted Flow System

Water flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At point 1, the fluid has a cross-s

Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Investigation

In a laboratory experiment, a researcher investigates the buoyancy of objects using ethyl alcohol (d

Buoyancy and Stability of a Floating Body

A rectangular boat with a flat bottom is floating in freshwater (density = 1000 kg/m³). The boat has

Buoyancy and Stability of a Floating Vessel

A small vessel is floating in water and is depicted in the provided diagram.

Buoyancy Experiment with Incorrect Variable Substitution

A student designs an experiment to determine the fraction of an object's volume that is submerged wh

Buoyancy Force Miscalculation Experiment

A student aims to measure the buoyant force acting on an object immersed in ethyl alcohol using a sp

Buoyant Force and Submerged Volume Analysis

An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is observed to float in ethyl alcohol (densi

Calculating Buoyant Force

An irregular object is completely submerged in water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) and displaces a volu

Continuity Equation in Pipe Flow

A circular pipe with a varying diameter carries water in a steady flow. At one section of the pipe,

Coupling Initiation of Flow in a Pipe with Varying Diameter

A horizontal pipe initially at rest is suddenly opened by a valve, leading to fluid flow through a s

Density Determination Experiment

A student performs an experiment to determine the density of three different liquids by measuring sm

Density Determination Experiment

In a laboratory experiment, a student measures the density of an unknown oil sample by determining i

Density Measurement Using a Hydrometer

A hydrometer is an instrument that measures liquid density by floating at a level where the buoyant

Designing a Buoyant Object for Submarine Rescue

An engineering team is designing a buoyant device to lift a submerged object with mass 2000 kg. Anal

Designing an Experiment to Validate the Continuity Equation

An engineering team aims to validate the continuity equation for an incompressible fluid flowing thr

Dynamic Pressure and Airspeed from Pitot Tube Measurements

A Pitot tube is used on an aircraft to measure dynamic pressure, which is then used to calculate the

Effect of Altitude on Atmospheric Pressure and Buoyancy

An experiment is conducted to measure the effects of altitude on atmospheric pressure. At sea level,

Energy Conservation in Fluid Flow: Laminar vs. Turbulent Regions

In a horizontal pipe, regions of laminar and turbulent flow are observed. Pressure and velocity meas

Energy Loss and Friction in Extended Pipe Flow

Water is pumped through a long, straight pipe, and energy losses occur due to friction along the pip

Flow Dynamics in a Non-Uniform Pipe System

Water flows through a pipe system that varies in cross-sectional area along its length. A provided g

Flow Rate Analysis in Variable Cross-Section Pipes

A water flow experiment is conducted using a pipe with two sections of different diameters. The meas

Flow Rate Analysis Using a Venturi Meter

A venturi meter is installed in a pipe to measure water flow. The meter has an inlet diameter of $$D

Flow Rate Variation in a Branching Pipe

A horizontal pipe carrying a total flow rate of $$0.012\,m^3/s$$ splits into two branches. One branc

Flow Speed Adjustments Due to Pipe Diameter Variations

A water pipeline experiences variations in diameter. The following table lists measurements for two

Flow Through Irregular Channels

An experiment is carried out to measure water flow in an irregular channel where the cross-sectional

Fluid Depth Pressure Graph Analysis

A pressure sensor is used to measure the pressure at different depths in a water tank. The following

Fluid Dynamics in a Conical Nozzle

A fluid passes through a conical nozzle where the cross-sectional area gradually decreases. Analyze

Fluid Dynamics in a Venturi Meter

A Venturi meter is used to measure the flow rate of water in a pipe. The meter has an inlet with a d

Fluid Jet from a Tank Orifice

Water is flowing out of a small circular hole located near the bottom of a large tank. According to

Fluid Pressure on a Dam Wall

A civil engineer is evaluating the force exerted on a vertical dam wall by the water in a reservoir.

Graphical Analysis of Hydrostatic Pressure in a Water Tower

A water tower supplies water to a town, and the gauge pressure measured in the town varies with the

Hydraulic Lift Design

A hydraulic lift employs two pistons connected by an incompressible fluid. The small piston has an a

Hydrostatic Pressure and Exit Velocity from a Reservoir

A large dam reservoir holds water with a density of 1000 kg/m³. Atmospheric pressure is $$101325\;Pa

Hydrostatic Pressure Variation

In a fluid pressure experiment, the pressure at various depths in a water tank was measured and reco

Influence of Viscosity on Flow Rate: Exploring Deviations from the Ideal Model

In an experiment, the predicted volume flow rate through a pipe using the continuity equation differ

Investigating Air Flow and Aerodynamic Lift

Design an experiment using a wind tunnel to investigate how wing curvature affects aerodynamic lift

Investigating Air Pressure Changes with Altitude

A researcher measures atmospheric pressure at different altitudes to study its variation with elevat

Investigating Flow Speeds in a Constricted Pipe

A researcher sets up an experiment to study the relationship between pipe cross-sectional area and f

Lift Generation in Airfoils

An airplane wing is designed so that air flows over its upper surface at a higher speed than beneath

Manometer Pressure Measurements

An experiment uses a U-tube manometer filled with water to measure pressure differences in a fluid s

Modeling Fluid Flow in a Conical Pipe

Consider a conical pipe whose radius decreases linearly with distance x according to $$r(x) = r_0 -

Modeling Pressure as a Function of Depth in a Fluid

A graduate student models the pressure distribution in a tank filled with a liquid of constant densi

Non-uniform Flow Through Constricted Channel Error

A student constructs an apparatus to measure fluid velocity in a channel that narrows and changes sh

Open Tank Pressure and Total Pressure Calculation

A tank is open to the atmosphere and is filled with water. The total (absolute) pressure at any dept

Pressure Changes with Altitude

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. A graph shows measured pressures at various altitudes.

Pressure Exerted by a Fluid Column

A concrete column has a height of 3 m, a base area of 1 m², and a density of 2400 kg/m³. Answer the

Pump Work Analysis in a Closed Fluid Circuit

In a closed fluid circuit, a pump is used to circulate water so that it maintains a constant flow ra

Relationship Between Pipe Radius and Flow Speed

For an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe at a constant volume flow rate, the continuity eq

Reynolds Number and Flow Regime Analysis

In an experiment, water flows through a pipe with a diameter of $$0.05\,m$$ at a velocity of $$2.0\,

River Flow Dynamics Study

A team of engineers conducts a field study to measure the flow characteristics of a river. They reco

Structural Column Pressure

This question examines the calculation of pressure exerted by a vertical structure and how variation

Temperature Effects on Fluid Density

In an experiment, the density of water was measured at different temperatures. The results are shown

Temperature Effects on Fluid Viscosity and Flow

In an experiment, the flow rate of a viscous fluid through a fixed nozzle is measured at various tem

Testing the Continuity Equation in a Non-Uniform Pipe

Design an experiment to test the continuity equation, $$A_1*V_1 = A_2*V_2$$, using a non-uniform pip

Analysis of a Composite Thermodynamic Cycle

A gas undergoes a composite cycle consisting of an isobaric expansion, an adiabatic compression, and

Analysis of a P-V Diagram for Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes

This question examines a P-V diagram that displays two distinct thermodynamic processes: one isother

Chemical Reaction Heat and Gas Pressure Changes: Integrating Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory

Exothermic chemical reactions can cause changes in gas pressure due to heat release. Design an exper

Conduction Heat Transfer Analysis

A metal rod is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs. The rod has a thermal conductivity of $$

Conduction Heat Transfer: Experimental Design for Material Thermal Conductivity Measurements

Heat conduction through materials depends on their thermal conductivity. Design an experiment to mea

Contained Gas Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law

Investigate the pressure exerted by a gas confined in a cylindrical container. Summarize how the Ide

Determining Heat Engine Efficiency

A cyclic heat engine operates with the following heat transfers during each cycle: it absorbs 1000 J

Determining Molecular Mass of a Gas via Ideal Gas Law Measurements: Experimental Design

The molecular mass of a gas can be determined by measuring its pressure, volume, temperature, and th

Determining Specific Heat Capacity Through Comparative Heating

In a laboratory experiment, a student heats 200 g of water and 200 g of an unknown liquid with the s

Differentiating Heat Transfer Modes: Convection vs. Conduction

An experiment compares the rate of heat transfer in two different setups: one using a fluid medium (

Effect of Temperature on Molecular Speed

A researcher investigates how the root-mean-square (rms) velocity of gas molecules depends on temper

Entropy and the Second Law

The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, which is often associated with t

Entropy and the Second Law

Consider a process where 200 J of heat is transferred from a reservoir at 500 K to a reservoir at 30

Entropy Change in a Thermodynamic Cycle

During a cyclic process, an experiment measures the change in entropy during various stages. Analyze

Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes

A system undergoes an irreversible expansion followed by a reversible compression. Analyze and evalu

Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes

A researcher examines a system that undergoes two processes: the system absorbs heat and then reject

Entropy vs. Temperature Measurement Experiment Error

A student aims to study the change in entropy of a material as it is gradually heated. A thermocoupl

Evaluating Heat Transfer Mechanisms in a Fluid System

A fluid heating system employs both convection and radiation to transfer heat from a furnace to an a

Experimental Analysis of Gas Kinetic Energy

In a set of experiments, Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graphs were obtained at different temp

Experimental Verification of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

An experiment is devised to verify the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics using three objects. Object C is

Gas Pressure and Force on Container Lid

This problem examines the use of the Ideal Gas Law to determine the pressure exerted by a confined g

Graphical Interpretation of Thermodynamic Process Data

A researcher plots the pressure versus volume for a gas undergoing multiple thermodynamic processes.

Heat Engine Efficiency and Energy Analysis

A heat engine operates in cycles, drawing heat from a high-temperature reservoir and rejecting part

Heat Transfer by Conduction

For a metal rod, the rate of heat transfer by conduction is described by $$\frac{Q}{\Delta t}=\frac{

Ideal Gas: Container Pressure and Force

Consider a cylindrical container of gas with a radius $$r = 0.15\;m$$ and height $$h = 0.30\;m$$ tha

Impact of Temperature Variations on Gas Density

An experiment investigates how the density of a gas in a container changes as the temperature is inc

Interpreting a Maxwell-Boltzmann Speed Distribution Graph

Analyze the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution graph provided and answer the following.

Investigating the Role of Atmospheric Pressure in Sealed Container Systems

The net force on a container’s lid results from the difference between the internal gas pressure and

Investigating Thermodynamic Processes: Isobaric vs Isochoric

In a controlled experiment, a gas undergoes two distinct processes: an isobaric expansion followed b

Investigation of Convection Currents in Fluids

A transparent tank filled with water is heated from below. A dye is introduced to visualize the resu

Kinetic Energy and Temperature Relationship

A sample of an ideal gas is described by the kinetic theory: $$v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3 * k_{B} * T}{

Kinetic Energy and Temperature Relationship

An experiment on an ideal gas was conducted to measure the average molecular kinetic energy and temp

Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

A copper rod of length $$L$$ and cross-sectional area $$A$$ experiences a temperature difference $$\

Quantifying Radiative Heat Transfer from a Satellite

A satellite in space with a surface area of $$2.0\;m^{2}$$ and an emissivity of 0.85 is operating at

Real Gas Behavior vs. Ideal Gas Law: Experiment Design to Evaluate Deviations

While the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) works well for many gases, real gases deviate from this behavior

Real Gases and Deviations from Ideal Behavior

Although the Ideal Gas Law is a good approximation for many systems, real gases deviate from this be

Real vs. Ideal Gas Behavior

While the Ideal Gas Law $$PV = nRT$$ describes the behavior of gases under many conditions, real gas

The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy

The Second Law of Thermodynamics governs the direction of spontaneous processes. (a) State the Secon

Thermodynamic Process Comparison: Isothermal vs Adiabatic

Consider an ideal gas undergoing two different expansion processes: an isothermal expansion and an a

Transient Heat Conduction in a Rod

A researcher studies transient (time-dependent) heat conduction in a long rod that is initially at a

Work Done in Thermodynamic Processes

A gas undergoes two different expansion processes between the same initial and final states as descr

Analyzing Electric Field Variation Above a Charged Plate

An experiment measured the electric potential at various distances from a large, uniformly charged p

Capacitor Voltage and Plate Area Calculation

A parallel-plate capacitor holds a charge of $$50\;\mu C$$ on each plate and has a capacitance of $$

Charge Induction in Connected Conducting Spheres

In an induction experiment, two neutral conducting spheres are brought into contact while a charged

Charge Quantization: Detector Calibration and Noise Issues

An experiment is performed to verify the quantization of electric charge by isolating individual cha

Charge Redistribution in Connected Conductors

In a series of experiments, two conducting spheres initially carrying different charges were connect

Charge Transfer and Work Calculation

Consider a system where two fixed charges create an electric potential difference between two points

Charging Methods Experiment: Conduction vs. Induction

This experiment compares two methods of charging an object: conduction and induction. Two identical

Comparing Electric and Gravitational Forces in a Hydrogen Atom

A hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron separated by a Bohr radius of 0.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ m. Th

Diagram Analysis: Electric Field Lines and Equipotentials in a Dipole

The following diagram represents an electric dipole configuration. It shows two charges located on t

Dielectric Effects on Capacitance Experiment

In a parallel-plate capacitor experiment, the capacitance is measured with and without the insertion

Distance Dependence in Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law quantitatively describes the force between two point charges as inversely proportional

Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Constant in Capacitors

Propose an experimental setup to study how temperature affects the dielectric constant of a capacito

Electric Field Lines at Media Boundaries

This problem examines how electric field lines behave at the boundary between two different media an

Electric Field Variation with Distance

A researcher measures the strength of the electric field produced by a point charge of $$+2.0 \times

Electric Potential Energy in Uniform Field

A researcher moves a charge $$q$$ along the direction of a uniform electric field $$E$$. The displac

Electrostatic Shielding

A researcher investigates the phenomenon of electrostatic shielding by placing a charged rod near a

Energy Conversion in Point Charge Interaction

A fixed positive charge $$Q = +2.0 \times 10^{-6} \; C$$ creates an electric field in vacuum. A nega

Enhancement of Capacitance with a Dielectric

A capacitor with an initial capacitance of C₀ is filled with a dielectric material having a dielectr

Equilibrium of an Object in a Uniform Electric Field

An object of mass 5 g is suspended in a uniform electric field of $$1.0*10^{6}$$ N/C such that the u

Equipotential Maps and Field Line Analysis

An equipotential map of a two-charge system is provided in the stimulus. Answer the following: (a)

Force Comparison in Hydrogen Atom

An experiment is conceptually designed to compare the magnitude of the electric force to the gravita

Forces in the Hydrogen Atom

Consider a hydrogen atom in which a proton (mass = 1.6×10⁻²⁷ kg, charge +e) and an electron (mass =

Impact of a Dielectric on a Capacitor's Properties

A parallel-plate capacitor with a plate separation of $$1.0\,mm$$ and plate area of $$0.05\,m^2$$ is

Induction Charging Experiment: Charge Redistribution Oversight

An experiment is conducted to study charging by induction using two initially uncharged metal sphere

Influence of Charge Magnitude on Electric Potential

Design an experiment using a variable charge on a point charge source to measure the resulting elect

Invariance of Electric Charge

Electric charge is considered invariant under transformation between inertial frames. This question

Investigating the Role of Dielectric Materials in Capacitors

Design an experiment to measure how the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor changes with the i

Kinetic Energy Gain from Electric Potential Energy Loss

A negative charge of magnitude q = -1×10⁻⁸ C is released from rest at a distance of 10 cm from a fix

Kinetic Energy Gain of a Test Charge in a Non-Uniform Electric Field

A test charge of $$q = +5.0 \times 10^{-9}\,C$$ is released from rest at a distance of $$0.20\,m$$ f

Net Force on a Central Charge in a Square Configuration

Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square with side length 10 cm, and

Non-Uniform Charge Distribution Effects

A researcher examines the electric field created by a hemispherical charge distribution with total c

RC Circuit Charging

A researcher investigates the charging behavior of a capacitor in an RC circuit. The circuit contain

Superposition of Electric Fields Experiment

Four identical positively charged spheres are fixed at the vertices of a square, and a negatively ch

Work and Change in Electric Potential Energy in a Uniform Field

A positive test charge of $$q = +2.0 \times 10^{-6}\,C$$ is moved a distance of $$0.05\,m$$ in the d

Work Done and Change in Electric Potential Energy

A particle with charge $$q = +3.0 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$ is displaced by $$0.05 \; m$$ in the directi

Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field

A positive charge $$q$$ is moved through a distance $$d$$ in a uniform electric field $$E$$. Analyze

Analysis of a Circuit with Time-Dependent Current (Transient Response)

In an RC circuit, the current during the charging phase of a capacitor is given by $$I(t) = \frac{V}

Analysis of Non-Ohmic Behavior in Materials

Some materials do not obey Ohm’s Law under certain conditions, exhibiting non-ohmic behavior. Answer

Analyzing Ammeter and Voltmeter Measurements

A circuit is constructed with a battery and a resistor. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected to

Analyzing Transients in RC Circuits with Switching

Consider a circuit where a capacitor, initially uncharged, is connected in series with a resistor an

Applying Kirchhoff’s Laws in Multi-Loop Circuits

A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. The components of this circuit are provid

Battery and Capacitor in Renewable Energy Applications

In a simplified model of a solar panel energy storage system, a battery with an ideal EMF of 18 V an

Battery Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage

A study claims that the terminal voltage of a battery decreases noticeably when a load is connected

Battery Performance and Power Output

A 12 V battery is connected to a resistor, and its terminal voltage, current, and power output are r

Capacitor Discharging Analysis

A fully charged 12 V capacitor in an RC circuit is allowed to discharge through a resistor. The volt

Charging Behavior of an RC Circuit

A capacitor with capacitance $$C = 5 \text{ F}$$ is charged through a resistor of $$R = 3 \Omega$$ b

Circuit Analysis with Multiple Voltage Sources

A circuit contains two batteries with EMFs of 12 V and 9 V connected in opposition (i.e., the positi

Critical Analysis of a Circuit Simulation Software's Accuracy in Predicting Voltage Drops

A team of researchers claims that their circuit simulation software can accurately predict voltage d

Deriving Equivalent Resistance for a Mixed Circuit

Consider a circuit comprised of four resistors arranged as follows: Resistors R₁ = 100 Ω and R₂ = 15

Designing a Resistor Network for Specific Equivalent Resistance

You are provided with resistors of values $$5 \Omega$$, $$10 \Omega$$, and $$15 \Omega$$. Design a r

Designing a Voltage Divider Circuit

Design a voltage divider that converts a 24 V supply to a 5 V output using two resistors in series.

Determining Resistivity from Measured Data

A student measures several parameters of a wire in order to calculate its resistivity.

Effect of Resistor Arrangement on Circuit Current Distribution

A circuit consists of a 12 V battery connected to a resistor network featuring both series and paral

Electromotive Force and Terminal Voltage under Load

This problem explores the relationship between a battery's true electromotive force (EMF), its inter

Energy Storage and Power Dissipation in Capacitors

A capacitor with a capacitance of 50 μF is charged to a voltage of 10 V. Answer the following:

Evaluation of Circuit Performance with a Faulty Capacitor (Capacitor Failure Analysis)

A capacitor in an RC circuit, which is expected to be 47 μF, is suspected of being faulty due to lea

Experimental Circuit Measurements Analysis

A researcher records experimental data from a circuit using a voltmeter and an ammeter. The data is

Experimental Design: Effect of Resistor Arrangements on Circuit Behavior

Design an experiment to investigate how different resistor configurations (series vs. parallel) affe

Impact of Temperature on Battery Performance

Temperature can impact battery performance by altering its internal resistance.

Investigating Capacitance: The Role of Plate Area and Separation

The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is given by $$C = k*\epsilon_0*\frac{A}{d}$$, where $$

Investigating Temperature Dependence of Resistance

Resistance in metallic conductors generally increases with temperature. Answer the following:

Investigating the Impact of Wire Geometry on Electrical Resistance

A claim is made that the resistance of a wire depends on its length and cross-sectional area as desc

Kirchhoff's Laws in a Multi-Loop Circuit

A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. In Loop 1, a 12 V battery is connected in

Maximum Power Transfer in a Circuit with Internal Resistance

A battery with an EMF of 9 V and an internal resistance of $$1\;\Omega$$ is connected to an external

Multi-branch Circuit Analysis

A complex circuit consists of two branches: Branch A contains two resistors (4 Ω and 3 Ω) in series,

Multi-Loop Circuit Analysis using Kirchhoff's Laws

Consider a circuit where a 15 V battery is connected in series with resistor $$R_1 = 50\,Ω$$. The ci

Multi-Loop Circuit Analysis Using Kirchhoff’s Laws

A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. Loop 1 contains a battery of $$10 \text{

Multi-loop Circuit Analysis: Equivalent Resistance Calculation

Consider a circuit with two interconnected loops sharing a common resistor. Loop 1 contains a batter

Ohm's Law and Circuit Analysis

This question focuses on applying Ohm's Law to analyze simple circuits and to interpret experimental

RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior

Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in

Resistivity and Material Properties Experiment

A student investigates the influence of material properties on resistance by measuring wires made of

Resistor Network Analysis

Consider a circuit with multiple resistors arranged in series and parallel. The table below provides

Series-Parallel Circuit with Capacitors and Resistors

A complex circuit is built with both resistor and capacitor networks. In the resistor network, resis

Transient Response Analysis in an RC Circuit at Switch Closure

An RC circuit is suddenly closed (switch closed), resulting in a rapid change in current through the

Assessing Magnetic Field Strength Using Iron Filings

An experiment uses iron filings spread over a sheet of paper placed atop a bar magnet to visualize t

Bar Magnet and Induced EMF Experiment

In this experiment, a student swings a bar magnet through a solenoid coil and measures the induced e

Calculating Magnetic Force on a Proton Near a Wire

This FRQ involves calculating the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire and determinin

Combined Effects of Motion and Rotation in a Varying Magnetic Field

A loop of wire is simultaneously moving linearly and rotating while situated in a time-varying magne

Critical Angle for Maximal Magnetic Force

A researcher investigates the dependence of the magnetic force on a charged particle with the equati

Designing a Faraday's Law Experiment for EMF Generation

A student designs an experiment where a coil rotates within a uniform magnetic field to induce an em

Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment

You are tasked with designing an experiment to investigate how the rotational speed of a coil affect

Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment

This FRQ requires designing an experiment to investigate how the speed of a sliding rod affects the

Electromagnetic Induction and Energy Conversion

This FRQ focuses on the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy via electromagnetic i

Experimental Design for Faraday's Law Validation

You are tasked with designing an experiment to validate Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a Magnetic Field

A straight wire carrying an electric current is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Answer the follo

Induced EMF and Conductor Length

An experiment is conducted in which a conducting rod moves through a magnetic field, and the induced

Induced EMF in a Rectangular Loop with Changing Area

A rectangular loop of wire has one side that can slide, causing the area of the loop to increase ove

Induced EMF in a Rotating Rod

A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.4 m$$ rotates about one end in a uniform magnetic field $$B = 0.3

Investigating Magnetic Induction in a Sliding Conductor

Design an experiment to study magnetic induction in a conductor that slides along conductive rails p

Investigating Temperature Effects on Superconducting Magnetic Fields

Superconductors exhibit unique magnetic properties, such as the Meissner effect, when cooled below a

Magnetic Field Diagram Analysis

Examine the provided diagram of a bar magnet's magnetic field. The diagram shows a bar magnet labele

Magnetic Field in a Solenoid Experiment

A solenoid is used in an experiment where its internal magnetic field is measured as the current thr

Magnetic Field vs. Distance from Wire

A long, straight wire carrying a constant current produces a magnetic field whose strength decreases

Magnetic Flux Through a Rotating Loop

A circular loop of radius $$r = 0.03 \; m$$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of strength $$B =

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

A U-shaped wire is partially immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Parts of the wire experience diff

Magnetic Permeability and Field Mapping

A researcher investigates the effect of material magnetic permeability on the distribution of magnet

Mapping the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire

Design an experiment to map the magnetic field produced by a long, straight current-carrying wire an

Motional EMF in a Conducting Rod

A conducting rod of length $$l = 0.2$$ m moves at a constant speed $$v = 3.0$$ m/s through a uniform

Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor

A conducting rod of length $$l = 0.5 \; m$$ moves with a constant velocity $$v = 3 \; m/s$$ through

Motional EMF with an Oblique Angle

A conducting rod of length 0.8 m moves with a speed of 4 m/s through a uniform magnetic field of 0.1

Power and Energy Conversion in Motional EMF

A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.5 m$$ moves at a constant speed of $$v = 3 m/s$$ through a unifor

Solenoid Magnetic Field Measurement Experiment

A team of students sets out to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid using a Hall effect sens

Time-Varying Magnetic Flux in a Rotating Loop

This FRQ explores the time dependency of magnetic flux in a rotating loop and the resulting induced

U-Shaped Wire in a Magnetic Field

A U-shaped wire is immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the forces on its different segment

Zero Net Force in U-Shaped Wire Experiment

In a controlled experiment, a U-shaped wire with three segments is partially immersed in a magnetic

Advanced Thin Lens Systems in Compound Microscopes

A compound microscope uses two converging lenses: an objective lens with a focal length of $$f_o = 0

Chromatic Aberration in Lenses

Chromatic aberration occurs when a lens fails to focus all wavelengths to the same point. Answer the

Coherence in Interference Patterns

A student compares the interference patterns produced by a coherent laser light source and an incohe

Combined Mirror-Lens System Analysis

An optical system is constructed using a converging lens and a concave mirror arranged along a commo

Concave Mirror Image Characteristics

Concave mirrors can produce images that are real or virtual depending on the object position. Analyz

Diffraction Grating Analysis

A researcher uses a diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter to analyze the spectrum of a

Diffraction Grating Experiment: Determining Wavelength of Light

Design an experiment using a diffraction grating to determine the wavelength of a light source. Your

Double Slit Interference Analysis: Fringe Positions

In a Young's double slit experiment, light of wavelength $$589*10^{-9}$$ m passes through two slits

Double-Slit Experiment Data Analysis with Table Stimulus

A researcher performs a double-slit experiment and records the intensity (in arbitrary units) at var

Effect of Medium on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation: Experiment Design

Design an experiment to investigate how different media affect the propagation speed of electromagne

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Different Media

An experiment measured the speed of light in various media. The table below presents the recorded sp

Frequency Determination of Green Light: Speed of Light Misassumption

A student attempts to calculate the frequency of green light by measuring its wavelength with a spec

Image Formation by Concave Mirrors

A concave mirror has a focal length of $$10\,cm$$. An object of height $$4\,cm$$ is placed $$30\,cm$

Image Formation in Plane Mirrors

Consider a scenario where a person stands in front of a plane mirror at a distance $$d$$ from the mi

Interference in Young's Double Slit Experiment

A student investigates interference patterns using a double-slit setup in a controlled laboratory ex

Interference Patterns and Young's Double Slit Experiment

An experiment using Young's double-slit setup produced the table below showing fringe positions. Ass

Interference with Variable Slit Separation: Observing the Changes in Fringe Spacing

Design an experiment to investigate how varying the separation between slits in a double slit appara

Multi-Wavelength Interference Experiment

In an experiment using a diffraction grating, two monochromatic light sources are employed: red ligh

Multiple Interfaces: Sequential Refraction

A light ray passes through a system consisting of three media with refractive indices: air ($$n_1 =

Photon Energy Calculation in the Electromagnetic Spectrum

This question involves using fundamental relations in quantum physics to calculate the energy of pho

Plane Mirror Image Characteristics

This question explores the properties of images formed by plane mirrors and asks you to explain why

Plane Mirror Image Characteristics

An object is placed in front of a plane mirror at a distance of $$d = 2.0 \ m$$.

Prism Dispersion and Light Deviation

A student uses a triangular prism to study the dispersion of white light into its constituent colors

Properties of Electromagnetic Waves

This question explores the basic properties of electromagnetic waves including their speed, the freq

Reflection and Refraction at an Interface

A beam of light traveling in air (index of refraction $$n_1 = 1.0$$) strikes the surface of a glass

Reflection and Refraction using Snell's Law

A beam of light in air (with $$n_{air} = 1.0$$) is incident upon a glass surface (with $$n_{glass} =

Reflection and Refraction with Wavelength Effects

A beam of light travels from air ($$n_1 = 1.0$$) into a glass medium ($$n_2 = 1.5$$) at an incident

Reflection and Refraction: Snell's Law

A beam of light traveling in air (with an index of refraction, n = 1.0) strikes a glass surface (n =

Scattering of Light: Rayleigh Scattering

A graph from an experiment shows how the intensity of scattered light varies with wavelength due to

Single Slit Diffraction Analysis

A student conducts an experiment to investigate the diffraction pattern produced by a single slit. T

Spherical Mirror Ray Tracing and Image Analysis

A student investigates the formation of images using a concave mirror through ray tracing. The exper

Spherical Mirrors - Convex Mirror Analysis

An object of height 5 cm is placed 20 cm in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of -15 cm.

Thin Converging Lens Image Formation

An object of height 10 cm is placed 40 cm from a converging lens with a focal length of 15 cm. Answe

Thin Converging Lens Imaging

A bi-convex (converging) lens with a focal length of 10 cm is used to form an image of an object tha

Thin Lenses: Converging Lens Analysis

In an experiment involving a converging lens, measurements were taken for various object distances.

Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle

Consider a beam of light traveling within water (with index of refraction $$n_{water} = 1.33$$) that

Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle Determination

This question focuses on deriving the condition for total internal reflection and applying it to det

Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle Determination

A researcher is exploring the phenomenon of total internal reflection at a water-air interface. Cons

Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibers

A set of experiments investigates the conditions under which total internal reflection (TIR) occurs

Total Internal Reflection: Critical Angle Error Analysis

In an experiment intended to determine the critical angle for total internal reflection at the water

Young's Double Slit Experiment Analysis

In a Young's double slit experiment, monochromatic light of wavelength $$589 \times 10^{-9}\,m$$ pas

Photoelectric Effect on Aluminum

A researcher studies the photoelectric effect on an aluminum surface by illuminating it with light o