AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room

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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions

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  • Unit 1: Fluids: Pressure and Forces (69)
  • Unit 2: Thermodynamics (40)
  • Unit 3: Electric Force, Field, and Potential (27)
  • Unit 4: Electric Circuits (34)
  • Unit 5: Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction (48)
  • Unit 6: Geometric and Physical Optics (30)
  • Unit 7: Quantum, Atomic, and Nuclear Physics (2)
Unit 1: Fluids: Pressure and Forces

Adjustable Pipe Flow Experiment

In an experiment, water flows through a pipe whose cross-sectional area can be mechanically adjusted

Medium

Airflow and Lift on an Airfoil

An airplane wing is designed so that the air above the wing travels at a different speed than the ai

Medium

Airflow Over an Airplane Wing via Bernoulli's Equation

Airflow over an airplane wing results in a pressure difference that contributes to lift. Answer the

Medium

Airfoil Lift and Pressure Differential Measurements

An aerospace student designs an experiment in a wind tunnel to measure the lift generated by an airf

Hard

Airfoil Pressure Distribution Study

A series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel to measure the pressure distribution along a

Hard

Analysis of Experimental Data: Fluid Pressure on Vertical Surfaces

A civil engineer conducts an experiment to measure the pressure exerted by water on a vertical surfa

Easy

Analysis of Flow in a Curved Pipe

Water flows through a curved pipe, where the curvature induces additional centrifugal effects.

Hard

Analyzing Experimental Data on Fluid Flow

Researchers studied the flow of an incompressible fluid in a pipe by measuring the flow speed and co

Hard

Bernoulli’s Equation in a Constricted Pipe

A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that gradually constricts. At point 1 (where the pipe

Hard

Bernoulli's Equation in a Horizontal Pipe

A horizontal pipe carries water and gradually narrows. In the wide Section 1 (diameter 8 cm), the wa

Medium

Bernoulli's Equation in Constricted Flow

Water flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually narrows. At Point 1, the cross-sectional area i

Medium

Bernoulli's Equation in Pipe Flow

A pump forces water through a horizontal pipe that includes a constriction. At Point 1 (just after t

Hard

Bernoulli's Equation with Incorrect Height Reference

A student constructs an experiment using a pipe system with both horizontal and vertical segments to

Medium

Bernoulli’s Principle and Air Flow Over an Airfoil

An airfoil (wing cross-section) diagram shows streamlines of air with different velocities above and

Hard

Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Investigation

In a laboratory experiment, a researcher investigates the buoyancy of objects using ethyl alcohol (d

Easy

Buoyancy and Fractional Submersion

An object with a mass of $$150\,kg$$ and a volume of $$0.75\,m^3$$ is placed in a liquid of density

Easy

Buoyancy and Immersion Fraction

A homogeneous solid object has a mass of $$200$$ kg and a volume of $$1.0$$ m³. It is placed in two

Medium

Buoyancy and Submerged Volume

This problem focuses on buoyancy calculations using Archimedes’ principle and the concept of volume

Medium

Buoyancy Experiment with Incorrect Variable Substitution

A student designs an experiment to determine the fraction of an object's volume that is submerged wh

Medium

Buoyant Force and Submerged Volume Analysis

An object with a mass of 150 kg and a volume of 0.75 m³ is observed to float in ethyl alcohol (densi

Easy

Channel Flow Dynamics Analysis

A researcher examines fluid flow in a channel with varying cross-sectional areas, applying the conti

Easy

Column Pressure Analysis

A series of experiments is conducted to analyze the pressure exerted by vertical cement columns on t

Medium

Comparing Fluid Pressures in Different Media

Two open-top tanks contain different fluids. Tank 1 is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot kg/

Easy

Computer Simulation of Fluid Flow in Pipes

A researcher uses a computer simulation to model fluid flow in pipes containing obstacles. The simul

Extreme

Continuity Equation in a Non-Uniform Pipe

A researcher is analyzing water flow in a circular pipe whose diameter changes along its length. At

Medium

Continuity Equation in a Varying-Diameter Pipe

A fluid flows through a pipe that changes diameter along its length. At Section 1, the pipe has a ra

Medium

Continuity Equation: Flow in a Non-uniform Pipe

A circular pipe carries water smoothly. At Point 1, the radius is $$2\,cm$$ with a measured velocity

Hard

Density Determination by Immersion Experiment

A student conducts an experiment to determine the density of a metal cylinder by measuring the chang

Medium

Density Determination Experiment

A student performs an experiment to determine the density of three different liquids by measuring sm

Easy

Density Measurement via Displacement Experiment

In this experiment, a student uses the displacement method to measure the density of an unknown liqu

Easy

Designing a Multi-Variable Experiment on Fluid Properties

A research team is designing an experiment to investigate how fluid density, viscosity, and flow spe

Extreme

Designing a Water Fountain: Pressure and Flow

A landscape architect is designing a water fountain and needs the water jet to reach a maximum heigh

Hard

Designing an Optimal Fluid Transport System

In a chemical plant, an optimal fluid transport system needs to be designed for a viscous liquid. De

Extreme

Determining Buoyant Force on a Partially Submerged Object

A physics student examines the buoyant force experienced by an object when it is partially submerged

Easy

Dynamics of a Floating Body in Fluid

A student investigates the dynamics of a floating object in water. The hypothesis is that when an ob

Easy

Effect of Fluid Density on Buoyancy Force

An object with a fixed volume of $$0.1 \; m^3$$ is fully submerged in two different fluids. Answer t

Medium

Energy Conservation in Fluid Flows

Using Bernoulli's equation, derive an expression that relates the change in kinetic energy per unit

Hard

Examining Temperature Effects on Density and Pressure

A fluid contained in a sealed vessel is heated from $$20^\circ C$$ to $$80^\circ C$$. At $$20^\circ

Medium

Experimental Design: Measuring Fluid Density Using Displacement

A researcher aims to measure the density of an unknown liquid using a water displacement method in a

Easy

Experimental Determination of Fluid Viscosity Using Flow Rate Measurements

A researcher seeks to determine the viscosity of a fluid using a capillary tube method. In the exper

Hard

Exploration of Hydrostatic Pressure in a Dam Wall

A dam holds back a reservoir of water with a density of $$1000~kg/m^3$$. Consider the dam's vertical

Hard

Flow in an Open Channel: Continuity and Energy Considerations

Water flows in an open channel that narrows from a width of 4.0 m to 2.0 m. In the wider section, th

Medium

Flow Through Irregular Channels

An experiment is carried out to measure water flow in an irregular channel where the cross-sectional

Medium

Fluid Flow in an Open-Channel System: Integration of Concepts

A researcher conducts a comprehensive investigation of fluid flow in an open-channel system (e.g., a

Extreme

Fluid Flow in Curved Pipes and Centrifugal Effects

In a chemical processing plant, fluid flows through a curved pipe. The curvature induces centrifugal

Extreme

Fluid Jet from a Tank Orifice

Water is flowing out of a small circular hole located near the bottom of a large tank. According to

Easy

Force Analysis on a Dam Structure Using Fluid Pressure

A dam holds back a reservoir of water with a depth of 20 m. The vertical face of the dam has a width

Extreme

Force on a Dam from Hydrostatic Pressure

A dam holds back a body of water. The vertical, rectangular face of the dam is 10 m high and 20 m wi

Hard

Graphical Analysis of Flow Speed Variation

A researcher has collected experimental data on the relationship between a pipe's cross-sectional ar

Medium

Hydrostatic Force on a Rectangular Dam

A dam is 20 m wide and 15 m high, holding back water with a density of $$1000 \; kg/m^3$$.

Extreme

Hydrostatic Pressure in Fluid Tanks

A tank is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot kg/m^3$$). The gauge pressure in the tank is mea

Medium

Hydrostatic Pressure Miscalculation Experiment

A student sets up an experiment to measure the pressure at the bottom of a water tank. The student f

Easy

Hydrostatic Pressure Profile in a Tank

An open tank is filled with a liquid of density $$\rho$$. The pressure at a depth h is given by $$P

Medium

Impact of Temperature on Fluid Density and Pressure

In a controlled experiment, it is observed that a liquid's density decreases by 1% for every 5°C inc

Hard

Investigating Fluid Pressure with a Manometer

A researcher employs a U-tube manometer to measure the gauge pressure in a pressurized system using

Medium

Investigating the Effects of Fluid Density on Buoyancy of a Hot Air Balloon

A small-scale hot air balloon model has a volume of $$50 \cdot m^3$$. During a test, the density of

Hard

Lift Generation in Airfoils

An airplane wing is designed so that air flows over its upper surface at a higher speed than beneath

Hard

Measurement and Correction of Fluid Pressure

A pressure sensor installed in a water tank provides the following readings at different depths: |

Extreme

Pressure Distribution in a Fluid at Rest

Consider a tank filled with a liquid of density $$\rho$$. The pressure at a given depth is described

Medium

Pressure Sensor Calibration in Fluid Storage Tanks

An engineer uses a pressure sensor at the bottom of a water storage tank to measure the fluid level.

Easy

Pressure Variation in a Fluid Column

A tall building has a water tank located on its roof, 50 m above ground level. (a) Calculate the hyd

Medium

Static Fluid Pressure in a Tank

A cylindrical tank is filled with water (density $$\rho = 1000 \; kg/m^3$$). Consider a point locate

Medium

Temperature Effects on Fluid Density

In an experiment, the density of water was measured at different temperatures. The results are shown

Hard

Temperature Effects on Fluid Density and Pressure

A particular fluid has a density of 950 kg/m³ at 20°C and its density decreases by 0.2% for every 1°

Medium

Temperature Effects on Fluid Pressure

Changes in temperature can affect the density of a fluid, and therefore the hydrostatic pressure at

Hard

The Impact of Temperature on Fluid Viscosity and Flow

During an experiment, it was observed that the viscosity of a fluid decreases as temperature increas

Medium

Turbulent vs. Laminar Flow: Reynolds Number Misinterpretation

A student conducts an experiment to study the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a pipe by

Extreme

Variable Buoyancy: Measuring Submerged Fraction of an Object

Design an experiment to measure how the submerged volume fraction of an object changes in fluids wit

Medium

Venturi Meter and Bernoulli's Equation

A Venturi meter is installed in a horizontal pipe. The pipe narrows such that the cross-sectional ar

Hard
Unit 2: Thermodynamics

Adiabatic Process Analysis: Measuring Temperature and Work in Rapid Gas Expansion

Adiabatic processes occur with no heat transfer. Design an experiment to analyze a rapid gas expansi

Medium

Adiabatic vs. Isothermal Process Comparison

A gas transitions between the same initial and final states via two different processes: an adiabati

Hard

Adiabatic vs. Isothermal Transition Timing Experiment Error

A student designs an experiment to compare adiabatic and isothermal expansions of a gas by rapidly m

Hard

Analysis of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation in Heat Transfer Experiment

An experiment is designed to study different modes of heat transfer. In one part of the experiment,

Medium

Comparative Analysis of Convection and Radiation Heating

A scientist conducts an experiment comparing two heating methods: convection and radiation. The tabl

Hard

Comparative Analysis of Heat Loss in Buildings

In residential buildings during winter, significant energy loss occurs due to heat transfer. (a) Id

Medium

Comparison of Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes

A gas transitions between the same initial and final states via two different paths: one is isotherm

Extreme

Conduction Across Layered Materials

A claim is made that the rate of heat transfer through a composite wall can be accurately described

Medium

Contained Gas Pressure and the Ideal Gas Law

Investigate the pressure exerted by a gas confined in a cylindrical container. Summarize how the Ide

Easy

Designing a Heat Engine

A heat engine draws $$800\;J$$ of heat from a high-temperature source and expels $$450\;J$$ as exhau

Hard

Designing a Thermodynamic Experiment

You are tasked with designing an experiment to measure the effect of temperature on the rate of heat

Medium

Designing a Thermos: Minimizing Heat Transfer

A thermos is designed to keep liquids hot by minimizing heat transfer. Discuss the design features c

Medium

Designing an Experiment on Thermal Conductivity Variation with Material

A laboratory experiment is conducted to compare the thermal conductivity of different materials usin

Hard

Determining Specific Heat Capacity Through Comparative Heating

In a laboratory experiment, a student heats 200 g of water and 200 g of an unknown liquid with the s

Easy

Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior

The ideal gas law, $$PV = nRT$$, describes gases under ideal conditions. However, at high pressures

Medium

Effects of Mole Number on Gas Pressure

In a series of experiments with a fixed-volume container at constant temperature, the number of mole

Easy

Effects of Volume Changes on Gas Pressure and Work in Isobaric Processes

In an isobaric process, a gas expands or contracts at constant pressure, doing work on or by the sur

Medium

Entropy Change in Gas Mixing Experiment

Two chambers, each containing 0.5 moles of an identical ideal gas at 300 K and with a volume of 0.01

Hard

Entropy Change Measurement Experiment Error

A student designs an experiment to measure the entropy change of a gas during sudden expansion into

Medium

Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes

A researcher examines a system that undergoes two processes: the system absorbs heat and then reject

Medium

Experimental Design for Gas Effusion

Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root

Medium

Heat Conduction Through Materials

Heat conduction in a material is governed by the equation $$\frac{Q}{\Delta t} = \frac{k * A * \Delt

Medium

Heat Engine Work Cycle Analysis

A heat engine operates by drawing $$Q_H = 800\,J$$ of heat from a high-temperature source and discar

Easy

Heat Transfer by Conduction

For a metal rod, the rate of heat transfer by conduction is described by $$\frac{Q}{\Delta t}=\frac{

Medium

Heat Transfer by Conduction in Building Insulation

A building wall is made of a material with thermal conductivity $$k = 0.04\;W/(m*K)$$. The wall has

Medium

Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes in Ideal Gases

An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion from an initial volume $$V_1$$ to a final volume $$V_

Hard

Kinetic Energy and Temperature Relationship

An experiment on an ideal gas was conducted to measure the average molecular kinetic energy and temp

Medium

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis

A researcher claims that increasing the temperature of a gas not only increases the average speed of

Hard

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Analysis

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution characterizes the spread of molecular speeds in an ideal gas. (a)

Medium

Pressure Changes in a Sealed Rigid Container

A sealed, rigid container (i.e., constant volume) contains an ideal gas. (a) Derive the relationsh

Easy

Pressure Changes in an Isochoric Process

In an isochoric process, a gas is heated while its volume remains constant, causing the pressure to

Easy

Pressure Force in a Confined Gas

A cylindrical container of radius 15 cm and height 30 cm contains 0.6 mole of an ideal gas at 433 K.

Easy

Radiative Heat Transfer Experiment Error

In an experiment designed to quantify radiative heat transfer, a student sets up a hot plate surroun

Hard

Refrigeration Cycle Energy Analysis

A researcher studies a refrigeration cycle that operates through a closed loop consisting of compres

Hard

Reversibility and Work in Thermodynamic Cycles

A reversible thermodynamic cycle is performed, and a P–V diagram of the cycle is recorded. Use the d

Hard

Specific Heat Capacity Calorimetry Experiment Error

A student performs a calorimetry experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a metal sampl

Easy

Transient Heat Conduction Analysis

The transient heat conduction in a solid can be described by the heat equation: $$\frac{\partial T}{

Hard

Work Calculation in Sequential Thermodynamic Processes

A gas undergoes a two-step process: an isobaric expansion followed by an isochoric heating. Using th

Hard

Work Done in Thermodynamic Processes

A gas undergoes two different expansion processes between the same initial and final states as descr

Medium

Work in Cyclic Thermodynamic Processes

A researcher analyzes two different cyclic processes shown on P–V diagrams. Process 1 follows a rect

Hard
Unit 3: Electric Force, Field, and Potential

Comparative Analysis: Charging by Conduction vs. Induction

A metal sphere is charged using two distinct methods: conduction and induction. Compare the processe

Medium

Diagram Analysis: Electric Field Lines and Equipotentials in a Dipole

The following diagram represents an electric dipole configuration. It shows two charges located on t

Extreme

Distance Dependence in Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law quantitatively describes the force between two point charges as inversely proportional

Easy

Electric Field and Potential of an Infinite Charged Sheet

A very large sheet has a uniform surface charge density σ = 5.0×10^-6 C/m². Answer the following: (a

Medium

Electric Field Due to a Dipole

A dipole consists of two point charges: $$+4.0 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$ and $$-4.0 \times 10^{-9} \; C$

Medium

Electric Field Superposition in a Triangular Configuration

Three point charges are fixed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. A fourth charge is placed

Hard

Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge

A point charge of $$+2.0*10^{-9}$$ C creates an electric potential in the surrounding space. (a) Ca

Medium

Electric Potential Due to Multiple Charges

Consider two point charges: $$Q_1 = +2 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$ located at \((-0.04 \; m, 0)\) and $$Q_

Medium

Electric Potential Energy in Uniform Field

A researcher moves a charge $$q$$ along the direction of a uniform electric field $$E$$. The displac

Easy

Electric Potential from Multiple Point Charges

Two fixed point charges, $$Q_1$$ and $$Q_2$$, are located at specified positions. A point A is locat

Medium

Electric Potential Measurement Setup: Reference Point Error

An experiment is set up to measure the electric potential around a fixed point charge. A voltmeter i

Easy

Electrostatic Shielding

A researcher investigates the phenomenon of electrostatic shielding by placing a charged rod near a

Easy

Energy Storage in a Parallel-Plate Capacitor

A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 10 nF and holds a charge of 50 μC on each plate. (a

Medium

Energy Storage: Impact of Plate Separation in a Capacitor Connected to a Battery

A parallel-plate capacitor connected to a battery maintains a constant potential difference V. Initi

Medium

Equilibrium of an Object in a Uniform Electric Field

An object of mass 5 g is suspended in a uniform electric field of $$1.0*10^{6}$$ N/C such that the u

Easy

Equipotential Maps for a Dipole Configuration

An electric dipole consisting of charges $$+Q$$ and $$-Q$$ creates an intricate pattern of electric

Hard

Mapping Equipotential Surfaces in a Non-uniform Electric Field

In a region of space, the electric potential has been measured at various distances from a fixed cha

Medium

Motion of a Charged Particle in Combined Electric and Gravitational Fields

A charged particle has a mass of $$2.0*10^{-3}$$ kg and a charge of $$+1.0*10^{-6}$$ C. It is releas

Hard

Potential Difference in a Non-Uniform Electric Field

Consider a region where the electric field varies with position according to $$E(x) = 5.0*10^{4} - 2

Extreme

Potential Difference in a Parallel-Plate Capacitor

A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area A = 0.05 m² separated by a distance d = 0.001 m and is

Easy

Square Charge Configuration

A researcher sets up a square configuration in vacuum with four point charges placed at the corners

Medium

Superposition of Forces in a Square Configuration

Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square. A negative charge is place

Medium

Torque on an Electric Dipole

An electric dipole in a uniform electric field experiences a torque that tends to align the dipole w

Medium

Vector Addition of Electric Forces in an Equilateral Triangle

Three point charges are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with each side measuring 0

Hard

Work and Change in Electric Potential Energy in a Uniform Field

A positive test charge of $$q = +2.0 \times 10^{-6}\,C$$ is moved a distance of $$0.05\,m$$ in the d

Medium

Work Done and Change in Electric Potential Energy

A particle with charge $$q = +3.0 \times 10^{-9} \; C$$ is displaced by $$0.05 \; m$$ in the directi

Easy

Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field

A positive charge $$q$$ is moved through a distance $$d$$ in a uniform electric field $$E$$. Analyze

Medium
Unit 4: Electric Circuits

Analysis of a Circuit with Time-Dependent Current (Transient Response)

In an RC circuit, the current during the charging phase of a capacitor is given by $$I(t) = \frac{V}

Medium

Analyzing Ammeter and Voltmeter Measurements

A circuit is constructed with a battery and a resistor. An ammeter and a voltmeter are connected to

Medium

Analyzing Series-Parallel Combinations of Capacitors

Capacitors can be combined in series or parallel to yield different equivalent capacitances. Answer

Medium

Analyzing the Effect of Wire Geometry on Resistance Measurements

A student investigates how the resistance of a wire depends on its length and cross-sectional area b

Medium

Applying Kirchhoff’s Laws in Multi-Loop Circuits

A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. The components of this circuit are provid

Hard

Battery and Capacitor in Renewable Energy Applications

In a simplified model of a solar panel energy storage system, a battery with an ideal EMF of 18 V an

Medium

Battery Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage

This question investigates the effects of a battery's internal resistance on its terminal voltage wh

Hard

Battery Internal Resistance and Terminal Voltage Analysis

A battery with an electromotive force (EMF) of 12 V is modeled as an ideal voltage source in series

Medium

Capacitor Charging Experiment in an RC Circuit

A student assembles an RC circuit that includes a 12 V battery, a 3 Ω resistor, and an initially unc

Medium

Capacitor Discharging Analysis

A fully charged 12 V capacitor in an RC circuit is allowed to discharge through a resistor. The volt

Medium

Capacitor Energy Storage and Discharge Efficiency

A capacitor with a capacitance of 10 μF is charged to 12 V and then discharged through a load. The t

Medium

Circuit Analysis with Multiple Voltage Sources

A circuit contains two batteries with EMFs of 12 V and 9 V connected in opposition (i.e., the positi

Extreme

Circuit Analysis: Series and Parallel Resistors

In an experiment, a circuit is assembled using a battery with voltage $$V$$ and a network of resisto

Medium

Circuit Diagram Analysis

Examine the following circuit diagram and answer the questions below. The diagram is meant to repres

Hard

Comparison of Energy Storage in Capacitors and Batteries

Both capacitors and batteries store energy, but they do so via different physical mechanisms. Answer

Hard

Determining Effective Resistance in a Complex Series-Parallel Network

A student constructs a circuit consisting of four resistors arranged in a complex series-parallel co

Hard

Effect of Adding a Parallel Resistor in a Series Circuit

Consider a circuit consisting of a 9 V battery connected in series with a 12 Ω resistor. A 24 Ω resi

Easy

Effect of Wire Geometry on Resistance and Current Flow

The resistance of a wire is governed by its material and geometric properties, as expressed by $$R=\

Medium

Impact of Internal Resistance on Battery Performance

A battery with an electromotive force (EMF) of $$9\,V$$ and an internal resistance of $$1\,\Omega$$

Medium

Investigating Charge Leakage Effects in Capacitor Charging Experiment

A student studies the charging curve of a capacitor in an RC circuit by recording the voltage over t

Medium

Maximum Power Transfer in a Circuit with Internal Resistance

A battery with an EMF of 9 V and an internal resistance of $$1\;\Omega$$ is connected to an external

Hard

Multi-loop Circuit Analysis with a Capacitor

A circuit consists of two loops. In the first loop, a resistor of $$4\,\Omega$$ is connected in seri

Hard

Power Dissipation in Resistor Circuits

A resistor circuit is tested under various load conditions. The table below provides the measured vo

Medium

RC Circuit Analysis with Switch Operations

In an RC circuit with a switch, experimental measurements indicate that immediately after closing th

Hard

RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior

Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in

Medium

Resistivity and Material Properties

In a study of different conductive materials, wires of identical dimensions (length = 2 m, cross-sec

Medium

Resistivity and Material Properties Experiment

A student investigates the influence of material properties on resistance by measuring wires made of

Medium

Resistor Networks and Equivalent Resistance

A circuit contains three resistors arranged in a mixed series-parallel configuration. Resistors R1 =

Hard

Resistor Networks: Series and Parallel Combinations

Consider a circuit containing resistors arranged both in series and in parallel as indicated by the

Medium

Transient Response Analysis in an RC Circuit

An RC circuit is connected to a $$10 \text{ V}$$ battery with a resistor of $$5 \Omega$$ and a capac

Medium

Transient Response Analysis in an RC Circuit at Switch Closure

An RC circuit is suddenly closed (switch closed), resulting in a rapid change in current through the

Medium

Validating Ohm's Law with a Non-Ohmic Conductor

A student attempts to validate Ohm's law by plotting the voltage-current (V–I) relationship for a fi

Extreme

Voltage Drop Analysis with Battery Internal Resistance

A battery with an EMF of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0.5 Ω is connected to an external resist

Medium

Wire Resistance Calculation

A platinum wire has a length of $$2\,m$$ and a radius of $$1\,mm$$. Given the resistivity of platinu

Medium
Unit 5: Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Analyzing Induced EMF with Sinusoidal Variation

Consider a loop in which the magnetic flux varies sinusoidally over time, described by $$\Theta_B(t)

Extreme

Changing Magnetic Flux Through a Circuit

Magnetic flux through a loop can be altered by changes in the loop’s area, the strength of the magne

Easy

Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field

A charged particle with charge $$q = 2 \times 10^{-6}$$ C moves along the x-axis at a constant speed

Hard

Comparative Analysis of Induced Currents

A physics laboratory is set up to compare three different methods of inducing a current in a wire lo

Hard

Design and Optimization of an Electromagnet

A student is tasked with designing an electromagnet using a solenoid to generate a target magnetic f

Hard

Designing a Magnetic Levitation Experiment

A researcher aims to levitate a small object using a combination of current-carrying coils and perma

Extreme

Designing an Electromagnet with a Solenoid

Electromagnets can be constructed using solenoids. In this problem, you will derive the magnetic fie

Easy

Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment

You are tasked with designing an experiment to investigate how the rotational speed of a coil affect

Hard

Determining Magnetic Permeability via Solenoid Insertion

Design an experiment to determine the magnetic permeability of a material by inserting it into a sol

Hard

Distance Dependence of Magnetic Field from a Current Wire

An experiment measured the magnetic field strength at various distances from a long, straight wire c

Hard

Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on Induced Current

Design an experiment to explore how varying the magnetic field strength affects the induced current

Hard

Effect of Material's Magnetic Permeability

Magnetic permeability is a material property that affects how a material responds to an external mag

Hard

Electromagnetic Induction and Energy Conversion

This FRQ focuses on the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy via electromagnetic i

Hard

Energy Dissipation in Resistive Magnetic Systems

An experiment investigates energy dissipation in a circuit where an induced current flows through a

Extreme

Experimental Determination of Magnetic Permeability

Design an experiment to measure the magnetic permeability of various materials by comparing the magn

Extreme

Faraday's Law in Rotating Loop Experiment

An experiment is conducted in which a circular loop rotates at a constant angular speed in a uniform

Medium

Force Cancellation in a U-Shaped Conductor

Design an experiment to investigate the conditions under which the net magnetic force on a U-shaped

Extreme

Force on a Current-Carrying Wire

Consider a U-shaped wire placed in a uniform magnetic field that is directed out of the page. A curr

Medium

Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field

A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the factors affecting the magnitu

Medium

Graphical Analysis of Magnetic Flux Change

This FRQ involves analyzing experimental data on magnetic flux change over time, determining the ind

Medium

Induced EMF in a Time-Varying Solenoid Field

A solenoid with 300 turns and a cross-sectional area of 0.05 m² produces an axial magnetic field tha

Medium

Investigating Induced Current in a Loop with Changing Orientation

Design an experiment to investigate how changing the orientation of a loop relative to a magnetic fi

Medium

Investigating the Uniform Magnetic Field Within a Solenoid

A researcher sets up a solenoid experiment to measure the uniform magnetic field inside the coil. Th

Easy

Magnetic Field Diagram Analysis

Examine the provided diagram of a bar magnet's magnetic field. The diagram shows a bar magnet labele

Medium

Magnetic Field Visualization and Field Lines

This FRQ addresses mapping magnetic fields using iron filings and interpreting the patterns observed

Easy

Magnetic Field vs. Distance from Wire

A long, straight wire carrying a constant current produces a magnetic field whose strength decreases

Hard

Magnetic Force Cancellation in a U-Shaped Wire

A U-shaped wire is immersed in a uniform magnetic field of $$0.5\;T$$. The report claims that by pas

Medium

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor

A U-shaped wire is partially immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Parts of the wire experience diff

Medium

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a U-Shaped Conductor

This FRQ examines the application of the magnetic force formula on current-carrying conductors and e

Medium

Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge

A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Use the relationship that the magnetic fo

Medium

Magnetic Force on Protons Near a Current-Carrying Wire

In an experiment to study the deflection of protons moving near a long, straight current-carrying wi

Hard

Magnetic Levitation System Design

A researcher is tasked with designing a magnetic levitation system to suspend a small object. The go

Extreme

Mapping Magnetic Field Lines with Iron Filings

A bar magnet is placed on a flat surface and iron filings are sprinkled around it. Describe how yo

Easy

Mapping the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire

Design an experiment to map the magnetic field produced by a long, straight current-carrying wire an

Medium

Measurement of Induced Current in a Transformer Experiment

A group of students builds a simple transformer and measures the induced current in the secondary co

Hard

Measurement of Lorentz Force on a Moving Conductor

A laboratory experiment is set up to measure the Lorentz force acting on a copper bar that slides al

Medium

Motional EMF and Energy Conversion Analysis

A conducting rod of length $$l = 0.8 \; m$$ moves to the right at a constant speed of $$v = 4 \; m/s

Hard

Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor

A conducting rod moving through a magnetic field develops an induced emf due to magnetic forces on f

Medium

Motional EMF in a Sliding Bar Circuit

A U-shaped rail of length 1 m is connected by a sliding conductive bar, forming a rectangular circui

Medium

Net Force on a Current-Carrying U-shaped Wire

Consider a U-shaped wire immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $$B = 0.2 \; T$$ directed

Medium

Right-Hand Rule Application in a Multi-Charge System

Three particles are moving in a uniform magnetic field of $$0.4$$ T with the following properties: •

Medium

Solenoid and Uniform Magnetic Field

Investigate the magnetic field inside a solenoid and the assumption of its uniformity.

Medium

Solenoid Magnetic Field Measurement Experiment

A team of students sets out to measure the magnetic field inside a solenoid using a Hall effect sens

Medium

Testing the Right-Hand Rule for Magnetic Force Directions

An experiment is performed where charged particles are propelled in known directions through a unifo

Medium

Trajectory Analysis of a Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field

A charged particle with charge $$q$$ and mass $$m$$ enters a region where the magnetic field varies

Hard

U-Shaped Wire in a Magnetic Field

A U-shaped wire is immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the forces on its different segment

Medium

Uniform Magnetic Field in a Solenoid Experiment

An experiment is conducted using a solenoid as an electromagnet, and it is claimed that the magnetic

Hard

Zero Net Force Condition in a U-Shaped Conductor

A U-shaped conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field and carries a current. Under specific con

Hard
Unit 6: Geometric and Physical Optics

Analyzing the Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves

Polarization describes the orientation of light waves. In this problem, you will explain polarizatio

Extreme

Comprehensive Analysis of Optical Imaging Systems

Design an experiment that integrates lenses and mirrors to project an image onto a screen. This comp

Extreme

Concave Mirror Ray Diagram: Reflection Error Analysis

A student is asked to draw ray diagrams for a concave mirror experiment. The student accurately reco

Medium

Converging Lens Magnification Experiment

A student performs an experiment with a converging (bi-convex) lens. In this setup, an object is pla

Medium

Convex Mirror Image Formation

This question examines the properties of images formed by convex mirrors and requires you to perform

Easy

Diffraction Limits in Optical Instruments

The resolving power of optical instruments is limited by diffraction. Answer the following:

Extreme

Diverging Lens: Sign Convention Error Analysis

In an experiment using a diverging lens, a student measures object distance, image distance, and ima

Hard

Double Slit Interference Experiment

In a Young's double-slit experiment, two slits separated by $$d = 1.5 \text{ mm}$$ are illuminated b

Medium

Electromagnetic Wave Characteristics

An electromagnetic wave travels in a vacuum with a speed of $$c = 3.0*10^8\,m/s$$ and has a waveleng

Medium

Image Formation by Convex Mirrors

A convex mirror has a focal length of $$20\,cm$$. An object is placed $$30\,cm$$ in front of the mir

Medium

Image Formation with a Convex Mirror

An object 8 cm tall is placed 30 cm in front of a convex mirror with a focal length of -15 cm (using

Easy

Impact of Wavelength on Single Slit Diffraction Patterns

In an experiment, a student investigates how changing the light's wavelength affects the diffraction

Easy

Interference Patterns in Thin Films

A thin oil film (with refractive index n = 1.3) lies on water (n = 1.33) and is illuminated with whi

Hard

Investigating the Law of Reflection with a Plane Mirror

Develop an experiment to verify the law of reflection using a plane mirror. Your design should inclu

Easy

Lens-Mirror Combination Instrument

A researcher designs an optical instrument that integrates a converging lens with a focal length of

Extreme

Optical Fibers and Total Internal Reflection

Optical fibers use total internal reflection to transmit light signals with minimal loss. Consider a

Easy

Plane Mirror Image Analysis

A researcher investigates image formation by plane mirrors. An object is placed 2.0 m in front of a

Easy

Polarization and Electromagnetic Wave Behavior

In an experiment testing polarization, a polarizer is rotated and the transmitted light intensity is

Medium

Polarization and Light Intensity Experiment

A student in an optics lab investigates the effect of polarization on light transmission. The experi

Hard

Ray Tracing Verification for Spherical Mirrors

Design an experiment to verify the mirror equation using ray tracing with a concave spherical mirror

Hard

Reflection and Refraction using Snell’s Law

Light undergoes refraction when passing between different media. Consider light traveling from air i

Easy

Reflection and Refraction: Snell's Law Experiment

A researcher directs a beam of light from air (index $$n_1 = 1.0$$) into a glass block with an index

Easy

Single Slit Diffraction Analysis

A single slit of width $$a = 0.1\,mm$$ is illuminated by monochromatic light with a wavelength of $$

Medium

Single Slit Diffraction Analysis

In a single slit experiment, a diffraction pattern is recorded. A graph of intensity versus angle is

Medium

Spherical Mirror Ray Tracing and Image Analysis

A student investigates the formation of images using a concave mirror through ray tracing. The exper

Easy

Spherical Mirrors: Concave Mirror Ray Tracing

An experiment is performed using a concave mirror. The following table shows measurements for two di

Medium

Total Internal Reflection in Prisms

A triangular prism made of glass with an index of 1.6 is used to redirect a light beam. A light ray

Medium

Total Internal Reflection: Critical Angle Error Analysis

In an experiment intended to determine the critical angle for total internal reflection at the water

Hard

Total Internal Reflection: Measuring the Critical Angle between Water and Air

Design an experiment to determine the critical angle for total internal reflection at the water-air

Medium

Young's Double-Slit Experiment Analysis

In a Young's double-slit experiment, the slit separation is $$d = 1.5*10^{-3}\,m$$, the distance to

Hard

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Need to review before working on AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs?

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Where can I find practice free response questions for the AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based exam?
The free response section of each AP exam varies slightly, so you’ll definitely want to practice that before stepping into that exam room. Here are some free places to find practice FRQs :
  • Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
  • Once you’re done with those go through all the questions in the AP Physics 2: Algebra-BasedFree Response Room. You can answer the question and have it grade you against the rubric so you know exactly where to improve.
  • Reddit it also a great place to find AP free response questions that other students may have access to.
How do I practice for AP AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Exam FRQs?
Once you’re done reviewing your study guides, find and bookmark all the free response questions you can find. The question above has some good places to look! while you’re going through them, simulate exam conditions by setting a timer that matches the time allowed on the actual exam. Time management is going to help you answer the FRQs on the real exam concisely when you’re in that time crunch.
What are some tips for AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based free response questions?
Before you start writing out your response, take a few minutes to outline the key points you want to make sure to touch on. This may seem like a waste of time, but it’s very helpful in making sure your response effectively addresses all the parts of the question. Once you do your practice free response questions, compare them to scoring guidelines and sample responses to identify areas for improvement. When you do the free response practice on the AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Room, there’s an option to let it grade your response against the rubric and tell you exactly what you need to study more.
How do I answer AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based free-response questions?
Answering AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based free response questions the right way is all about practice! As you go through the AP AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Room, treat it like a real exam and approach it this way so you stay calm during the actual exam. When you first see the question, take some time to process exactly what it’s asking. Make sure to also read through all the sub-parts in the question and re-read the main prompt, making sure to circle and underline any key information. This will help you allocate your time properly and also make sure you are hitting all the parts of the question. Before you answer each question, note down the key points you want to hit and evidence you want to use (where applicable). Once you have the skeleton of your response, writing it out will be quick, plus you won’t make any silly mistake in a rush and forget something important.