AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room

Accelerated Fluid in an Elevator Experiment

A sealed container filled with water (density = $$1000 \; kg/m^3$$) is placed inside an elevator tha

Air Velocity Measurement with a Pitot Tube

A Pitot tube is used in a wind tunnel to measure the airspeed. The device records a pressure differe

Airflow and Lift on an Aircraft Wing using Bernoulli's Principle

An aircraft wing is designed so that the airspeed over the top surface is 250 m/s and beneath the wi

Analysis of a Fluid Flow Experiment with a Differential Pressure Sensor

In a horizontal pipe, a differential pressure sensor records the pressure at various measurement poi

Analysis of Experimental Data: Fluid Pressure on Vertical Surfaces

A civil engineer conducts an experiment to measure the pressure exerted by water on a vertical surfa

Analyzing Buoyancy in a Real-World Context: A Ship at Sea

A small ship has a total volume of $$500~m^3$$ and a mass of $$4.5 \times 10^6~kg$$, and it floats i

Analyzing Pressure Distribution in a Rotating Fluid

A cylindrical container filled with fluid rotates at a constant angular velocity. The rotation creat

Application of Bernoulli’s Equation in Fluid Flow

A researcher studies water flow through a pipe system that gradually narrows. Bernoulli’s equation,

Bernoulli's Equation and Pressure Variation in a Constricted Pipe

A pump forces water (with density $$1000\;kg/m^{3}$$) through a pipe that gradually narrows. At poin

Bernoulli's Flow Analysis

This problem applies Bernoulli's equation to analyze changes in fluid pressure due to variations in

Bernoulli's Principle and Airflow Over a Wing

An airplane wing is designed with a curved top and a flatter bottom to create differing air velociti

Buoyancy and Stability of a Floating Body

A rectangular boat with a flat bottom is floating in freshwater (density = 1000 kg/m³). The boat has

Buoyant Force in Varied Fluids

A solid object with a mass of $$200 \; kg$$ and a volume of $$0.5 \; m^3$$ is immersed in three diff

Centrifugal Effects on Fluid Pressure Distribution

A fluid with density $$\rho = 800 \; kg/m^3$$ is contained in a cylindrical container and rotated wi

Comparing Fluid Pressures in Different Media

Two open-top tanks contain different fluids. Tank 1 is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot kg/

Continuity Equation and Flow Rate in a Non-Uniform Pipe

Water flows through a pipe whose cross-sectional area changes along its length. At point 1 the pipe

Continuity Equation in a Constricted Pipe Experiment

A student sets up a horizontal pipe with two sections: one wide and one significantly constricted. T

Continuity Equation: Flow in a Pipe

A horizontal pipe carries water and has a section where its cross-sectional area changes. At Point 1

Coupling Initiation of Flow in a Pipe with Varying Diameter

A horizontal pipe initially at rest is suddenly opened by a valve, leading to fluid flow through a s

Critical Evaluation of a Fluid Mechanics Diagram

Below is a schematic diagram representing the flow of a fluid over a streamlined object (such as an

Density and Hydrostatic Pressure Calculation

A container holds an oil sample with a measured mass of $$1.6$$ kg and a volume of $$2.00 \times 10^

Density and Pressure of a Cement Column

A vertical cement column with a base area of $$0.5 \cdot m^2$$ and a height of $$2 \cdot m$$ is cons

Designing a Submersible: Buoyancy and Hydrostatic Pressure Analysis

A submersible vehicle with a volume of $$1.2\,m^3$$ is designed for near-neutral buoyancy in seawate

Developing an Experiment for Continuity Equation Verification

Design a controlled experiment to verify the continuity equation using water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3

Diver's Pressure: Hydrostatic and Atmospheric Contributions

A diver descends to a depth of 30 m in seawater with a density of 1025 kg/m³. The atmospheric pressu

Dynamic Pressure and Nozzle Flow

An industrial nozzle is designed to eject a high-speed jet of water. The inlet pressure is measured

Effect of Pipe Diameter on Flow Velocity: A Scaling Study

Design an experiment to determine how changes in pipe diameter affect the flow velocity of a fluid u

Effect of Temperature on Fluid Density and Pressure

A container holds a fluid that is heated from 20°C to 80°C, causing its density to decrease from 100

Effect of Temperature on Fluid Properties

This problem investigates how temperature changes affect fluid properties such as density and viscos

Energy Conservation in Fluid Flows

Using Bernoulli's equation, derive an expression that relates the change in kinetic energy per unit

Energy Conversion in Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic systems utilize fluid flow to convert energy and perform work. As fluid flows, energy is t

Flow Rate and Energy Losses in Pipe Constriction

A horizontal pipe has an initial radius of 3.0 cm and narrows to a radius of 1.5 cm. Water flows wit

Flow Rate and Pipe Constriction

Water flows through a horizontal cylindrical pipe that narrows from a radius of 4.0 cm to a radius o

Flow Rate Variation in a Branching Pipe

A horizontal pipe carrying a total flow rate of $$0.012\,m^3/s$$ splits into two branches. One branc

Flow Through a Rectangular Duct

A duct has a rectangular cross-section with a width of 0.3 m and a height of 0.5 m.

Fluid Exit Velocity: An Orifice Flow Experiment

A group of students conducts an experiment to measure the speed of water exiting a small orifice at

Fluid Flow in Circular and Rectangular Channels

Two channels are used to transport water: Channel 1 is circular with a diameter $$d$$, and Channel 2

Fluid Force on a Submerged Surface

A civil engineering team is studying the pressure distribution on a dam wall due to the water it hol

Force on a Dam from Hydrostatic Pressure

A dam holds back a body of water. The vertical, rectangular face of the dam is 10 m high and 20 m wi

Graphical Analysis of Flow Continuity

This problem uses a provided graph to analyze the relationship between flow speed and pipe cross-sec

Hydrostatic Force on a Rectangular Dam

A dam is 20 m wide and 15 m high, holding back water with a density of $$1000 \; kg/m^3$$.

Hydrostatic Pressure and Exit Velocity from a Reservoir

A large dam reservoir holds water with a density of 1000 kg/m³. Atmospheric pressure is $$101325\;Pa

Hydrostatic Pressure Variation

Consider a large open tank filled with water (density = 1000 kg/m³). The atmospheric pressure is giv

Hydrostatics: Force on Submerged Surfaces

A rectangular plate measuring $$2\,m \times 1\,m$$ is submerged vertically in water (density = 1000

Industrial Fluid Density and Pressure Calculation

A researcher in an industrial laboratory is studying fluid properties for engineering applications.

Non-uniform Flow Through Constricted Channel Error

A student constructs an apparatus to measure fluid velocity in a channel that narrows and changes sh

Pipe Flow Continuity

An experiment examines fluid flow through a pipe with a constricted section. The following table sho

Pressure Distribution in a Multi-fluid Container

A container is divided by a removable partition into two sections. One section contains water (densi

Pressure Distribution in an Accelerating Container

A rectangular container filled with water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) is accelerated horizontally at

Pressure Distribution on a Submerged Plate

A researcher is studying the pressure distribution on a vertical rectangular plate submerged in wate

Static Fluid Pressure in a Tank

A cylindrical tank is filled with water (density $$\rho = 1000 \; kg/m^3$$). Consider a point locate

Structural Column Pressure

This question examines the calculation of pressure exerted by a vertical structure and how variation

Surface Pressure Analysis of a Column

A vertical column of cement has a base area of $$0.5\,m^2$$, a height of $$2\,m$$, and a density of

Temperature Effects on Fluid Pressure

Changes in temperature can affect the density of a fluid, and therefore the hydrostatic pressure at

Temperature Effects on Fluid Viscosity and Flow

In an experiment, the flow rate of a viscous fluid through a fixed nozzle is measured at various tem

The Impact of Temperature on Fluid Viscosity and Flow

During an experiment, it was observed that the viscosity of a fluid decreases as temperature increas

Turbulent vs. Laminar Flow: Reynolds Number Misinterpretation

A student conducts an experiment to study the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a pipe by

Vibrating Tube Densitometer Calibration Error

A student employs a vibrating tube densitometer to measure the densities of various fluids by correl

Viscosity Neglect in Pipeline Flow Rate Experiment

A student conducts an experiment to measure the volume flow rate of oil through a pipeline with sect

Wind Tunnel Dynamic Pressure Measurement Error

A student performs an experiment in a wind tunnel to measure dynamic pressure using a pitot tube. Th

Adiabatic Process Compression Experiment Error

A student conducts an experiment to study adiabatic compression in a gas contained within a piston-c

Analysis of Conduction, Convection, and Radiation in Heat Transfer Experiment

An experiment is designed to study different modes of heat transfer. In one part of the experiment,

Analyzing Energy Conversion Efficiency in a Heat Engine

A novel power plant operates a heat engine that draws heat from a high-temperature source at $$850\;

Analyzing Kinetic Energy and Gas Temperature Measurements

An experiment measures the average kinetic energy of gas molecules and compares the findings to theo

Analyzing Temperature Effects on Molecular Speeds

A media report claims that to double the root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules, the temperat

Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics

A gas within a piston undergoes a quasi-static process in which 500 J of heat is added to the system

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and Phase Transitions

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates vapor pressure to temperature during phase transitions. (a)

Combined Thermodynamic Processes

A gas initially at state A \((P = 2.0\times10^5 \text{ Pa}, V = 0.01 \text{ m}^3, T = 300 \text{ K})

Conduction Across Layered Materials

A claim is made that the rate of heat transfer through a composite wall can be accurately described

Designing an Experiment to Measure Convective Heat Transfer

A researcher aims to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient in a fluid flowing over a heat

Determining Force Exerted by Gas on a Container Lid

A cylindrical container with the following measured parameters is used in an experiment: the radius

Deviation from Ideal Behavior in Real Gases

A researcher compares the behavior of an ideal gas with a real gas under identical conditions: 0.5 m

Efficiency Evaluation of a Heat Engine: Experimental Design and Data Analysis

Heat engines convert thermal energy into work, but not all the input heat is converted due to ineffi

Entropy Change in a Cyclic Process

A cyclic process involves a system absorbing $$500\;J$$ of heat from a reservoir at $$400\;K$$ and r

Entropy Change in Gas Mixing

A researcher investigates the change in entropy when two different ideal gases, initially separated,

Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes

Consider an ideal gas that undergoes an isothermal expansion from an initial volume $$V_1$$ to a fin

Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes

A system undergoes an irreversible expansion followed by a reversible compression. Analyze and evalu

Evaluating Heat Transfer Mechanisms in a Fluid System

A fluid heating system employs both convection and radiation to transfer heat from a furnace to an a

First Law Application: Heat Input and Work Output

During an experiment, a system undergoes a process in which 600 J of heat is supplied and it perform

Heat Engine Efficiency

A heat engine operates in a cyclic process where heat is taken in from a high-temperature source, pa

Heat Engine Efficiency and Cycle Analysis

Examine a heat engine that draws heat from a high-temperature source and rejects waste heat. Analyze

Heat Engines and Maximum Efficiency

No heat engine can achieve 100% efficiency due to inherent energy losses. (a) Explain why complete c

Impact of Temperature Variations on Gas Density

An experiment investigates how the density of a gas in a container changes as the temperature is inc

Investigating the Second Law of Thermodynamics in Cyclic Processes

Consider a closed system undergoing a cyclic process. Analyze the net entropy change for both revers

Irreversible Processes and Entropy Analysis

A claim is made that during an irreversible process in an isolated system, the total entropy always

Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

A copper rod of length $$L$$ and cross-sectional area $$A$$ experiences a temperature difference $$\

Pressure Changes in a Sealed Rigid Container

A sealed, rigid container (i.e., constant volume) contains an ideal gas. (a) Derive the relationsh

Systematic Investigation of Root Mean Square Velocity

An experiment is set up to investigate the root mean square velocity ($$v_{rms}$$) of gas molecules

Testing Thermal Equilibrium: The Zeroth Law

An experiment is conducted to verify the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics using three objects: A, B, and

Thermodynamic Stability and Phase Transitions

Phase transitions in materials can be understood in terms of thermodynamic stability. (a) Define th

Understanding Temperature Scales in Thermodynamic Calculations

A student records a room temperature of 25°C for an experiment.

Work Calculation in an Isobaric Process

A gas undergoes expansion inside a cylinder at constant pressure. The process is represented on a P–

Work Done Along Different Thermodynamic Paths

Consider a gas that changes state from a to b via two different paths. Path 1: An isobaric expansion

Analysis of an Electric Dipole Field

An electric dipole consists of two charges, \(+q\) and \(-q\), separated by a distance \(d\). (a) D

Capacitor Energy Storage Experiment

A laboratory experiment investigates the energy stored in a parallel-plate capacitor. In this experi

Charge Redistribution between Conducting Spheres

Two conducting spheres are used in experiments to study charge distribution. Initially, both spheres

Charge Redistribution Experiment

An experiment is designed to verify the conservation of charge during collisions between conducting

Deriving Capacitance from Physical Dimensions

A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed with a plate separation $$d$$ and plate area $$A$$ in vacu

Dielectric Effects on Capacitor Energy

A researcher is studying how the introduction of a dielectric affects the energy stored in a paralle

Dipole Electric Field Analysis

Consider an electric dipole formed by two point charges of equal magnitude $$|Q| = 4.0 \times 10^{-9

Effect of a Non-uniform Electric Field on a Moving Charge

A charged particle with charge $$q$$ is accelerated through a non-uniform electric field generated b

Electric Field due to a Point Charge in Different Media

Consider a point charge Q = 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ C placed in free space.

Electric Field from Multiple Point Charges

This question involves computing the net electric field at a specific point due to three point charg

Electrostatic Shielding and Induced Charges on a Conducting Shell

A hollow, spherical, conducting shell is placed in a uniform external electric field of magnitude $$

Force Comparison in Hydrogen Atom

An experiment is conceptually designed to compare the magnitude of the electric force to the gravita

Impact of a Dielectric on a Capacitor's Properties

A parallel-plate capacitor with a plate separation of $$1.0\,mm$$ and plate area of $$0.05\,m^2$$ is

Impact of Dielectrics on Capacitance

A parallel-plate capacitor was tested with different dielectric materials inserted between its plate

Induction Charging Experiment: Charge Redistribution Oversight

An experiment is conducted to study charging by induction using two initially uncharged metal sphere

Kinetic Energy Gain of a Test Charge in a Non-Uniform Electric Field

A test charge of $$q = +5.0 \times 10^{-9}\,C$$ is released from rest at a distance of $$0.20\,m$$ f

Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment

This classic experiment aims to demonstrate the quantization of electric charge. Tiny oil droplets a

Motion of a Charged Particle in a Uniform Electric Field

A small charged particle with charge q = 2.0×10^-6 C and mass m = 2.0×10^-3 kg is released from rest

Multiple Charge System: Net Force on a Central Charge

Consider three point charges aligned on a straight line. Let $$Q_1 = +5\;\mu C$$, $$Q_2 = -3\;\mu C$

Net Force on a Central Charge in a Square Configuration

Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square with side length 10 cm, and

Net Force on Central Charge in a Square Configuration

Four equal positive point charges (each of magnitude Q) are placed at the vertices of a square with

RC Circuit Capacitor Charging Analysis

An RC circuit containing a capacitor is studied as the capacitor charges from 0 V to its maximum vol

RC Circuit: Charging a Capacitor

A capacitor with a capacitance of $$100\,\mu F$$ is connected in series with a resistor of $$10\,k\O

Surface Charge Density and Electric Field Experiment

In an experiment, several large plates are charged to different surface charge densities, $$\sigma$$

Verification of the Inverse Square Law for Electric Forces

An experiment measured the electric force between two charged objects as the distance between them w

Work Done in a Uniform Electric Field

A positive charge $$q$$ is moved from one equipotential surface to another within a region that has

Advanced Transient Analysis in Electric Circuits

A complex circuit contains multiple RC branches with different resistances and capacitances. The tra

Analysis of Ammeter and Voltmeter Placement

This question addresses the proper usage of ammeters and voltmeters in a circuit for accurate measur

Analyzing Series-Parallel Combinations of Capacitors

Capacitors can be combined in series or parallel to yield different equivalent capacitances. Answer

Battery Discharge Rate through a Capacitor-Resistor Network

A student investigates the discharge curve of a capacitor in an RC circuit by recording the voltage

Battery Internal Resistance and Power Delivery

A battery modeled as an ideal EMF source of 12 V in series with an internal resistance of 2 Ω is con

Battery Internal Resistance: Terminal Voltage Measurement

A battery with an ideal electromotive force (EMF) of 9 V is connected to a resistor of 10 Ω. Due to

Battery Performance and Power Output

A 12 V battery is connected to a resistor, and its terminal voltage, current, and power output are r

Capacitor Charging and Discharging in RC Circuits

An experiment claims that when a charged capacitor discharges through a resistor, the voltage across

Capacitor Combination Analysis

Two capacitors, one with $$10\,\mu F$$ and the other with $$20\,\mu F$$, are arranged in different c

Capacitor Modification in an RC Circuit

A capacitor in an RC circuit is initially charged to a voltage $$V_0$$, storing a charge $$Q = C_0 *

Circuit Analysis Using Kirchhoff's Laws

Consider a circuit with a battery of $$12\,V$$ connected to a series resistor $$R_1 = 4\,\Omega$$, w

Circuit Analysis with Multiple Voltage Sources

A circuit contains two batteries with EMFs of 12 V and 9 V connected in opposition (i.e., the positi

Circuit Simulation Verification

An experiment is conducted to compare the theoretical predictions of a circuit simulation with actua

Comparative Analysis of Series and Parallel Circuit Configurations

In an experiment, two circuit configurations are tested: one with resistors arranged in series and o

Comparing Conductor Materials: Effect on Efficiency

Different materials have different resistivities, which affect their performance in circuits. Consid

Comprehensive Circuit Design and Analysis

You are designing a circuit board that includes a resistor network and a smoothing capacitor. The ci

Designing a Circuit for Specific Power Dissipation

You are tasked with designing a simple circuit that will dissipate 4.5 W of power across a resistor

Designing an Experiment to Measure Current in a Complex Circuit

Propose an experimental procedure to measure the current distribution in a complex circuit containin

Determining Capacitance Changes Due to Physical Adjustments

A parallel-plate capacitor has plate area A, plate separation d, and a dielectric constant k. Answer

Determining Resistivity from Measured Data

A student measures several parameters of a wire in order to calculate its resistivity.

Determining Resistivity of Various Materials

Resistance (R) and resistivity (\(\rho\)) are related by the expression $$R = \rho*\frac{l}{A}$$. Yo

Determining the Impact of Incorrect Ammeter Placement on Circuit Readings

A circuit is designed with a 12 V battery and a resistor of 10 Ω. An ammeter with an internal resist

Discharging of a Capacitor in an RC Circuit

A capacitor initially charged to $$12 \text{ V}$$ is discharged through a resistor of $$4 \Omega$$.

Effect of Resistor Arrangement on Circuit Current Distribution

A circuit consists of a 12 V battery connected to a resistor network featuring both series and paral

Effect of Wire Cross-Sectional Area on Resistance

Resistance in a wire is given by the formula $$R = \rho \frac{l}{A}$$, where A is the cross-sectiona

Effects of a Variable Resistor on Circuit Behavior

A variable resistor is used in a series circuit powered by a 15V battery.

Effects of Altering Capacitance in a Charged Capacitor Circuit

A capacitor is first charged in a circuit with a battery connected, and then the battery is disconne

Effects of Altering Capacitance on a Charged Capacitor

A capacitor with an initial capacitance of $$10\,\mu F$$ is charged to $$12\,V$$ by a battery, and t

Effects of Capacitor Arrangements in a Circuit

Two identical capacitors, each with a capacitance of 10 μF, are connected across a 12 V battery in t

Evaluating Conductance and its Relationship to Resistance

Electrical conductance, the reciprocal of resistance, is an important parameter in circuit analysis.

Evaluating the Combination of Multiple Battery Cells on Circuit Performance

A student builds a circuit by connecting three battery cells in series to increase the output voltag

Evaluation of Energy Dissipation in a Resistor

A 10 Ω resistor is connected to a 9 V battery.

Impact of Internal Resistance on Battery Performance

A battery with an electromotive force (EMF) of $$9\,V$$ and an internal resistance of $$1\,\Omega$$

Investigating Battery Internal Resistance using a Series Circuit

A student designs an experiment to measure the internal resistance (r) of a battery. The setup consi

Measuring Electric Current and Voltage in a Simple Circuit

In a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a resistor, and connecting wires, you are asked to inve

Measuring Material Resistivity to Determine Conductivity

A student measures the resistance of several wire samples made from the same material, varying in le

Microcontroller-Based Circuit Measurement Setup

Design a circuit that integrates a microcontroller to continuously measure the current and voltage i

Mixed Circuit Analysis: Combining Resistors and a Capacitor

A circuit contains an EMF source with an internal resistance of 1 Ω, a 10 Ω resistor in series, and

Multi-Loop Circuit Analysis using Kirchhoff's Laws

Consider a circuit where a 15 V battery is connected in series with resistor $$R_1 = 50\,Ω$$. The ci

Non-Ohmic Behavior in Real-World Devices

Some devices, such as filament bulbs or semiconductors, exhibit non-ohmic behavior, meaning their V-

Oscilloscope Analysis of Voltage Drops in a Circuit

An oscilloscope is used to measure the voltage drops across various components in a circuit consisti

RC Circuit Analysis with Switch Operations

In an RC circuit with a switch, experimental measurements indicate that immediately after closing th

RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior

Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in

Resistivity and Material Properties

In a study of different conductive materials, wires of identical dimensions (length = 2 m, cross-sec

Resistor Network Analysis

Consider a circuit where a 4 Ω resistor is connected in series with a parallel combination of a 3 Ω

Role of Resistivity in Material Conduction

The resistance of a wire is given by the equation $$R = \rho \frac{l}{A}$$. A table below provides p

Transient Analysis with a Pulse Input in an RC Circuit

An RC circuit is subjected to a pulse input voltage that is maintained at $$10 \text{ V}$$ from $$t

Transient and Steady State Analysis in RC Circuit

Consider an RC circuit with a resistor $$R = 1\times10^3\,\Omega$$, a capacitor $$C = 10\,\mu F$$, a

Transient Behavior in RC Circuit: Initial vs Steady-State

An RC circuit is constructed with a $$12~V$$ battery, and two branches: one branch contains a $$6~\O

Analysis and Improvement of a Textbook Magnetic Field Diagram

A textbook diagram intended to illustrate the magnetic field around a bar magnet is provided. The di

Analysis of Electromagnetic Induction in a Rotating Coil

A circular coil rotates in a magnetic field and experiences an induced emf. Analyze the instantaneou

Analyzing a U-Shaped Wire in a Magnetic Field

A U-shaped wire is immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.5 T. The wire consists of two

Angular Dependence of Magnetic Force

A series of experiments measures the magnetic force on a charged particle moving in a constant magne

Balancing Electric and Magnetic Forces on Charged Particles

In a controlled experiment, electrons are passed through a region where uniform electric (E) and mag

Balancing Forces on a Current-Carrying U-Shaped Wire

In a laboratory experiment, a U-shaped wire is immersed in a region with a uniform magnetic field th

Calculating Magnetic Flux in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field

A rectangular loop with width $$w = 0.2$$ m and height $$h = 0.3$$ m is placed in a magnetic field t

Comparing Magnetic Forces on Charges and Wires

This FRQ compares the magnetic force on an individual moving charge to the force on a current-carryi

Current-Carrying Wire Force Experiment

A group of students conducts an experiment to measure the force on a U-shaped current-carrying wire

Designing a Magnetic Levitation Experiment

A researcher aims to levitate a small object using a combination of current-carrying coils and perma

Determining Magnetic Permeability via Solenoid Experiment

Students design an experiment to determine the magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic material by

Effect of Coil Geometry on Induced EMF

In this experiment, students design coils with varying numbers of turns and measure the induced emf

Electromagnetic Induction in a Rotating Loop

A circular loop rotates in a uniform magnetic field, causing a time-varying magnetic flux and induce

Energy Conversion in an Electromagnetic Generator

A simple electromagnetic generator consists of a rotating loop placed in a uniform magnetic field, r

Energy Dissipation in Resistive Magnetic Systems

An experiment investigates energy dissipation in a circuit where an induced current flows through a

Experimental Determination of Magnetic Permeability

Design an experiment to measure the magnetic permeability of various materials by comparing the magn

Experimental Determination of the Right-Hand Rule

This FRQ involves analyzing experimental data to verify the right-hand rule in a current-induced mag

Faraday’s Law and the Rotating Loop

A circular loop of radius 0.05 m rotates in a uniform magnetic field of 0.3 T. The loop rotates with

Force on a Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field

A charged particle with charge $$q$$ moves with constant speed $$v$$ in a region where the magnetic

Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field

A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Determine the magnetic force acting under

Induced EMF in a Loop with Time-Varying Magnetic Field

A circular loop with a constant area of $$A = 0.02 m^2$$ is placed in a magnetic field that increase

Investigating Magnetic Braking in a Rotating Disc

In this experiment, students study magnetic braking by rotating a metallic disc in the vicinity of a

Investigating Temperature Effects on Superconducting Magnetic Fields

Superconductors exhibit unique magnetic properties, such as the Meissner effect, when cooled below a

Investigating the Impact of Magnetic Field Strength on Induced Current

This FRQ examines how changes in magnetic field strength affect the induced current in a circuit wit

Magnetic Field Diagram Analysis

Examine the provided diagram of a bar magnet's magnetic field. The diagram shows a bar magnet labele

Magnetic Field Lines Visualization

In this FRQ, you will explore the physical basis and representation of magnetic fields around a bar

Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire and Force on a Proton

A long, straight wire carries a current of $$I = 10 \; A$$. A proton moving parallel to the wire wit

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a U-Shaped Conductor

This FRQ examines the application of the magnetic force formula on current-carrying conductors and e

Magnetic Force on a U-Shaped Current-Carrying Wire

A U-shaped conducting wire of mass $$m$$ is partially immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnit

Magnetic Interaction between Bar Magnets

Two bar magnets are positioned with their poles aligned along a common axis, with the ability to adj

Mapping the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Current-Carrying Wire

In this experiment, students use a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field (B) at various distance

Mapping the Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire

Design an experiment to map the magnetic field produced by a long, straight current-carrying wire an

Net Force on a Current-Carrying U-shaped Wire

Consider a U-shaped wire immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $$B = 0.2 \; T$$ directed

Temperature Effects on Magnetic Permeability in Materials

Researchers aim to study how temperature influences the relative magnetic permeability of ferromagne

Time-Varying Magnetic Flux in a Rotating Loop

This FRQ explores the time dependency of magnetic flux in a rotating loop and the resulting induced

Uniform Field of a Solenoid

A researcher studies the magnetic field produced by a solenoid. Measurements of the magnetic field a

Analyzing the Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves

Polarization describes the orientation of light waves. In this problem, you will explain polarizatio

Concave Mirror Image Analysis

This question involves using the mirror formula to determine the properties of images formed by a co

Concave Mirror Image Analysis

An object of height $$h_o = 4 \ cm$$ is placed at a distance of $$d_o = 30 \ cm$$ in front of a conc

Determining Index of Refraction Using Critical Angle Measurements

A student conducts an experiment to determine the index of refraction of a transparent material by m

Determining Indices and Critical Angles

Light travels from a glass medium into air. In one experiment, a beam in glass strikes the interface

Diffraction Gratings

A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter is illuminated by monochromatic light of wavele

Diverging Lens Experiment: Investigating Virtual Image Formation

Design a controlled experiment to study the image characteristics produced by a diverging lens. Your

Diverging Lens Image Characteristics

An object with a height of $$11 \text{ cm}$$ is placed $$48 \text{ cm}$$ in front of a diverging len

Electromagnetic Spectrum and Frequency

Green light has a wavelength of 550 nm. Answer the following: (a) Calculate its frequency using $$v

Experimental Interference Pattern Analysis

This question requires you to analyze experimental data from an interference experiment and evaluate

Experimental Verification of Snell's Law via Measured Data

This question involves analyzing experimental data of incident and refracted angles to verify Snell'

Experimental Verification of the Law of Reflection

The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. This questi

Extended Analysis in Young's Double Slit Experiment with Changing Wavelength

A researcher performs Young's double slit experiment with a slit separation of $$d = 0.5*10^{-3}$$ m

Frequency Determination of Green Light: Speed of Light Misassumption

A student attempts to calculate the frequency of green light by measuring its wavelength with a spec

Image Formation in Plane Mirrors

Consider a scenario where a person stands in front of a plane mirror at a distance $$d$$ from the mi

Image Formation with a Concave Mirror

A student investigates image formation using a concave mirror. In the experiment, a concave mirror w

Image Formation with a Concave Mirror

A concave mirror has a focal length of 10 cm. An object 5 cm tall is placed 20 cm in front of it. Us

Impact of Wavelength on Single Slit Diffraction Patterns

In an experiment, a student investigates how changing the light's wavelength affects the diffraction

Interference from Multiple Sources

Three coherent light sources, each emitting light of wavelength $$\lambda = 650 * 10^{-9}$$ m, are a

Interference Patterns and Young's Double Slit Experiment

An experiment using Young's double-slit setup produced the table below showing fringe positions. Ass

Interference with Variable Slit Separation: Observing the Changes in Fringe Spacing

Design an experiment to investigate how varying the separation between slits in a double slit appara

Investigating Snell's Law: Relationship between Incident and Refraction Angles

Design an experiment to study the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refra

Lens Power and Image Magnification

An experiment with a converging lens shows that when an object is placed $$10\,cm$$ from the lens, t

Medium Effects on Light Wavelength

When light enters a medium from a vacuum, its speed decreases while its frequency remains constant.

Optical Data Analysis from Spherical Mirror Measurements

An experiment is conducted where an object is placed at various distances from a concave mirror, and

Plane Mirror Image Formation and Analysis

Plane mirrors reflect light according to the law of reflection and produce images that are virtual a

Plane Mirror Investigation: Verifying Virtual Image Formation

Design an experiment to investigate how plane mirrors form virtual images. Your design should includ

Plane Mirror Reflection: Image Formation Error Analysis

A student designs an experiment to study image formation using a plane mirror. The setup involves an

Polarization and Light Intensity Experiment

A student in an optics lab investigates the effect of polarization on light transmission. The experi

Ray Tracing in Concave Mirrors

This question requires you to sketch a ray diagram for a concave mirror and to justify your diagram

Ray Tracing Verification for Spherical Mirrors

Design an experiment to verify the mirror equation using ray tracing with a concave spherical mirror

Reflection and Refraction at a Glass Surface

A beam of light traveling in air is incident on a flat glass surface at an angle of $$30^\circ$$ rel

Reflection and Refraction in a Glass Slab

A student investigates the behavior of a light beam as it passes from air into a flat glass slab wit

Reflection and Refraction: Index Determination Error Analysis

A student sets up an experiment to measure the index of refraction of a piece of glass by directing

Reflection and Refraction: Snell's Law Experiment

A researcher directs a beam of light from air (index $$n_1 = 1.0$$) into a glass block with an index

Spectral Analysis Using Diffraction Gratings

A researcher uses a diffraction grating with a groove density of 3000 lines per centimeter to analyz

Spherical Mirror Imaging: Concave Mirror Experiment

Design an experiment to verify the mirror equation for a concave mirror. Your experimental design sh

Spherical Mirrors - Concave Mirror Calculation

An object of height 4 cm is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 10 cm.

Thin Lenses: Diverging Lens Analysis

A diverging lens experiment produced the following measurements. Given an object placed 48 cm from a

Total Internal Reflection

When light travels from water ($$n = 1.33$$) to air ($$n = 1.0$$), total internal reflection can occ

Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibers

A set of experiments investigates the conditions under which total internal reflection (TIR) occurs

Variable Object Distance in Mirror Equation

An object is placed in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of $$f = 12 \ cm$$. As the obje

Beta Decay and Neutrino Involvement

A researcher investigates beta minus decay, represented by the reaction $$ n \rightarrow p + e^{-} +

Investigation of the Weak Nuclear Force in Beta Decay

A research group is studying beta decay processes to gain insights into the role of the weak nuclear

Nuclear Fusion Reaction Analysis

A researcher studies the fusion reaction between deuterium nuclei represented by: $$^2H + ^2H \right

Photodisintegration of a Deuteron

A study is conducted on the photodisintegration of deuterium. Given that the binding energy of a deu