AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQ Room
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AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based Free Response Questions
The best way to get better at FRQs is practice. Browse through dozens of practice AP $AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based FRQs to get ready for the big day.
Airflow and Aerodynamic Lift
A researcher investigates the role of airflow in generating lift over an airplane wing using Bernoul
Airflow and Lift over an Airfoil
An experimental report claims that the difference in airspeed over the top and bottom surfaces of an
Airflow Over an Airfoil and Lift Generation
In a wind tunnel experiment, an airfoil is subjected to an airflow of $$20\,m/s$$. Pressure sensors
Airfoil Pressure Distribution Study
A series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel to measure the pressure distribution along a
Analysis of Fluid Flow Measurements in a Laboratory Pipe
A researcher collects flow measurements along a pipe with varying cross-sections. The following data
Analyzing a Pressure-Flow Graph for a Fluid Pipe System
A graph is provided showing the relationship between pressure and flow rate in a controlled pipe sys
Analyzing Buoyancy in a Real-World Context: A Ship at Sea
A small ship has a total volume of $$500~m^3$$ and a mass of $$4.5 \times 10^6~kg$$, and it floats i
Average Hydrostatic Pressure on a Submerged Plate
A rectangular plate measuring 2 m in width and 1.5 m in height is submerged vertically in water (den
Bernoulli's Equation in Constricted Flow
Water flows through a horizontal pipe that gradually narrows. At Point 1, the cross-sectional area i
Bernoulli’s Principle and Air Flow Over an Airfoil
An airfoil (wing cross-section) diagram shows streamlines of air with different velocities above and
Buoyancy and Floating Objects Analysis
An object with a mass of $$150~kg$$ and volume of $$0.8~m^3$$ is placed in a container filled with a
Buoyancy and Submerged Volume
This problem focuses on buoyancy calculations using Archimedes’ principle and the concept of volume
Buoyancy and Submerged Volume
An object with a mass of $$150 \cdot kg$$ and a volume of $$0.75 \cdot m^3$$ is placed in a fluid wi
Buoyancy Experiment with Incorrect Variable Substitution
A student designs an experiment to determine the fraction of an object's volume that is submerged wh
Comparative Study of Fluids Using a U-Tube Manometer
In a laboratory, students use a U-tube manometer to compare the densities of two unknown fluids. The
Continuity Equation and Flow Rate Through a Pipe
Water flows through a horizontal pipe that changes diameter. At section 1, the pipe has a radius of
Continuity Equation in a Constricted Pipe
A horizontal pipe carries water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) at a flow speed of $$6\;m/s$$. At one sec
Continuity Equation in a Constricted Pipe Experiment
A student sets up a horizontal pipe with two sections: one wide and one significantly constricted. T
Continuity Equation in Branching Pipes
A pipeline carrying water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3$$) splits into two branches. The main pipe has a f
Density Measurement Using a Hydrometer
A hydrometer is an instrument that measures liquid density by floating at a level where the buoyant
Designing a Multi-Variable Experiment on Fluid Properties
A research team is designing an experiment to investigate how fluid density, viscosity, and flow spe
Determining Fluid Density
A sample of an unknown liquid has a mass of $$1.2 \times 10^{0} \text{ kg}$$ and occupies a volume o
Developing an Experiment for Continuity Equation Verification
Design a controlled experiment to verify the continuity equation using water (density $$1000\;kg/m^3
Dynamic Pressure and Nozzle Flow
An industrial nozzle is designed to eject a high-speed jet of water. The inlet pressure is measured
Effect of Altitude on Atmospheric Pressure and Buoyancy
An experiment is conducted to measure the effects of altitude on atmospheric pressure. At sea level,
Effect of Fluid Density on Buoyancy Force
An object with a fixed volume of $$0.1 \; m^3$$ is fully submerged in two different fluids. Answer t
Effect of Pipe Diameter on Flow Velocity: A Scaling Study
Design an experiment to determine how changes in pipe diameter affect the flow velocity of a fluid u
Energy Conservation in Fluid Flows
Using Bernoulli's equation, derive an expression that relates the change in kinetic energy per unit
Energy Conversion in Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic systems utilize fluid flow to convert energy and perform work. As fluid flows, energy is t
Examining the Role of Viscosity in Fluid Dynamics Experiments
A researcher is investigating how the viscosity of a fluid affects flow measurements in experiments,
Experimental Determination of Fluid Viscosity Using Flow Rate Measurements
A researcher seeks to determine the viscosity of a fluid using a capillary tube method. In the exper
Flow in an Open Channel: Continuity and Energy Considerations
Water flows in an open channel that narrows from a width of 4.0 m to 2.0 m. In the wider section, th
Flow Rate Analysis in Variable Cross-Section Pipes
A water flow experiment is conducted using a pipe with two sections of different diameters. The meas
Fluid Density Analysis
You are provided with a table listing three different fluids along with their measured masses and vo
Fluid Dynamics in a Venturi Meter
A Venturi meter is used to measure the flow rate of water in a pipe. The meter has an inlet with a d
Fluid Exit Velocity: An Orifice Flow Experiment
A group of students conducts an experiment to measure the speed of water exiting a small orifice at
Fluid Statics in Deep-sea Conditions
A submersible is designed to operate at extreme depths in the ocean. At a depth of $$4000 \cdot m$$
Hydraulic Lift Design
A hydraulic lift employs two pistons connected by an incompressible fluid. The small piston has an a
Hydraulic Press and Force Amplification
A hydraulic press consists of two pistons connected by an incompressible fluid. The larger piston ha
Hydrostatic Pressure in an Open Tank
A researcher investigates hydrostatic pressure within an open water tank. The study aims to measure
Impact of Fluid Density on Buoyancy Forces
A block of wood with a volume of 1.0 m³ and a density of 600 kg/m³ floats in freshwater (density 100
Influence of Viscosity on Flow Rate: Exploring Deviations from the Ideal Model
In an experiment, the predicted volume flow rate through a pipe using the continuity equation differ
Integrated Fluid Dynamics Investigation
A chemical engineering laboratory examines the behavior of an incompressible fluid (density = $$1000
Interpretation of a Graph of Fluid Flow vs. Time
The graph below shows the volume flow rate (in $$m^3/s$$) measured in a pipe over a 10-second interv
Lift Force Measurement in Wind Tunnel
In a wind tunnel experiment, a wing model is tested under controlled airflow. Pressure sensors at tw
Measurement of Flow Rate in a Venturi Meter
A venturi meter is installed in a pipeline to measure flow rate by producing a pressure drop at the
Measuring Flow Rate in Open Channels via Floating Objects
Design an experiment to measure the flow rate of a liquid in an open channel using the float method.
Modeling Fluid Flow in a Conical Pipe
Consider a conical pipe whose radius decreases linearly with distance x according to $$r(x) = r_0 -
Multi-Stage Fluid Dynamics Analysis in a Piping Network
A fluid flows through a piping network with three segments having different diameters and elevation
Net Force on a Submerged Curved Surface
Consider a dome-shaped, curved window that is fully submerged in water. The pressure on the surface
Oil-Water Separation in Multi-Phase Fluid Systems
An experiment is conducted in a container to investigate oil-water separation based on density diffe
Pipeline Flow Optimization in a Water Treatment Facility
A water treatment facility operates a pipeline that has three sections with varying diameters. The f
Pressure Calculations in Submerged Structures
A structural engineering team is testing a scale model of a submerged tunnel to study the effects of
Pressure Exerted by Fluid Column
A researcher investigates the variation of pressure with depth in a fluid contained within a transpa
Quantitative Analysis of Pressure Distribution in an Accelerating Fluid
A rectangular container with a length of $$2 \cdot m$$ is filled with water (density = $$1000 \cdot
Solar-Powered Water Pump Analysis in a Remote Village
In a remote village, a solar-powered water pump extracts water from a well 20 m deep. The pump must
Submerged Object Pressure Analysis
A researcher examines the variation of hydrostatic pressure on an object fully submerged in water.
Temperature Effects on Fluid Viscosity and Flow
In an experiment, the flow rate of a viscous fluid through a fixed nozzle is measured at various tem
Time of Drainage from a Tank
A cylindrical tank with a cross-sectional area A is drained through a small outlet (area a) located
Using a Pitot Tube to Measure Flow Velocity
A Pitot tube measures fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy into a pressure difference bet
Analysis of Heat Conduction Through Materials
A flat slab of material has a thickness of 0.05 m and an area of 1.0 m². The temperature difference
Analyzing Work Done in Different Thermodynamic Paths
A gas undergoes changes between states along two alternate paths on a P–V diagram. Path 1 is a const
Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics in a Piston System
A gas confined in a piston receives $$500\;J$$ of heat. During its expansion, the gas does $$200\;J$
Calculating Work and Efficiency in a Heat Engine Cycle
A heat engine undergoes a cycle in which it absorbs $$Q_H = 1000 J$$ of heat and rejects $$Q_C = 400
Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and Phase Transitions
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates vapor pressure to temperature during phase transitions. (a)
Comparative Analysis of Heat Loss in Buildings
In residential buildings during winter, significant energy loss occurs due to heat transfer. (a) Id
Comparison of Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes
A gas transitions between the same initial and final states via two different paths: one is isotherm
Designing a Heat Engine
A heat engine draws $$800\;J$$ of heat from a high-temperature source and expels $$450\;J$$ as exhau
Deviation from Ideal Behavior in Real Gases
A researcher compares the behavior of an ideal gas with a real gas under identical conditions: 0.5 m
Entropy Change and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
During a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, the entropy change is described by the equ
Entropy Changes in Thermodynamic Processes
A system undergoes an irreversible expansion followed by a reversible compression. Analyze and evalu
Experimental Design for Gas Effusion
Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root
Experimental Verification of the Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution in Gas Molecules
The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution predicts the speed distribution of molecules in a gas. Design an
Exploring Kinetic Molecular Theory via Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
An experiment is conducted to study the speed distribution of gas molecules. The data is represented
Heat Capacities and Degrees of Freedom
For an ideal gas, the molar heat capacities at constant volume (\(C_V\)) and constant pressure (\(C_
Heat Engine Efficiency
A heat engine operates in a cyclic process where heat is taken in from a high-temperature source, pa
Ideal Gas Pressure Analysis
A cylindrical container with a closed lid has a radius of $$0.15\;m$$ and a height of $$0.30\;m$$. I
Identifying Thermodynamic Processes
A series of experiments with a gas record measurements of pressure, volume, and temperature. The dat
Influence of Molecular Mass on Gas Pressure and Speed
Two gases are each confined in identical rigid containers. Both contain the same number of molecules
Investigation of Pressure in Confined Gases
A researcher conducts an experiment using a sealed, rigid container fitted with a pressure sensor to
Irreversible Processes and Entropy Analysis
A claim is made that during an irreversible process in an isolated system, the total entropy always
Pressure Sensor Calibration Error in Gas Experiment
In an experiment intended to verify the Ideal Gas Law, a student uses a pressure sensor to record th
Temperature and Kinetic Energy Relations
This experiment investigates the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of
The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
The Second Law of Thermodynamics governs the direction of spontaneous processes. (a) State the Secon
Thermal Insulation Effectiveness Experiment Error
A student conducts an experiment to test the effectiveness of different insulation materials by meas
Thermodynamic Analysis of an Ice Melting Process
When heat is added to a substance at its melting point, the phase change occurs without a change in
Thermodynamic Efficiency and Real Engines
Real heat engines are subject to various losses and cannot achieve the ideal efficiencies predicted
Work Calculation in Sequential Thermodynamic Processes
A gas undergoes a two-step process: an isobaric expansion followed by an isochoric heating. Using th
Work in Isobaric and Isochoric Processes Analysis
A gas in a cylinder undergoes two separate experiments. In Experiment 1 (isobaric), the gas expands
Analysis of Electric Dipole Field Measurements
An experimental setup measures the electric field magnitude at various distances along the perpendic
Application of Coulomb's Law
Coulomb’s Law states that the magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is given by
Charging by Induction: Analysis and Prediction
Two identical conducting spheres, initially uncharged, are placed on an insulating stand. A negative
Charging Methods Comparison
A researcher conducts two experiments to charge a neutral metal sphere. In Experiment 1, the sphere
Comparative Analysis of Charging Methods
In a laboratory setting, two objects made from different materials—one metal (a good conductor) and
Comparing Electric and Gravitational Forces in a Hydrogen Atom
Consider theoretical estimates for the forces acting between a proton and an electron in a hydrogen
Coulomb’s Pendulum Experiment Error Analysis
In an experiment designed to measure the electrostatic force between two identically charged spheres
Derivation of Potential Difference Between Concentric Equipotential Surfaces
The electric potential due to a point charge is given by $$V = \frac{k \times Q}{r}$$. Using this re
Dipole Electric Field at Midpoint
A dipole is formed by two point charges of +4.0 nC and -4.0 nC separated by a distance of 6.0 cm. De
Effect of a Dielectric on Capacitor Capacitance
A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C₀ is filled with vacuum. (a) If a dielectric material
Effect of a Non-uniform Electric Field on a Moving Charge
A charged particle with charge $$q$$ is accelerated through a non-uniform electric field generated b
Electric Charge Distribution on Conductors: Capacitance Influence Error
In an experiment aimed at studying charge distribution, two metallic spheres of different radii are
Electric Field Lines at Media Boundaries
This problem examines how electric field lines behave at the boundary between two different media an
Electric Field Mapping and Equipotential Surfaces
In an experiment, equipotential maps are generated for a charge configuration. These maps illustrate
Electric Field Modeling in a Charged Particle Accelerator Element
In a charged particle accelerator, a pair of parallel plate electrodes is used to generate a uniform
Electric Field Variation with Distance
An experiment measures the magnitude of the electric field produced by a point charge as a function
Electric Potential Due to a Point Charge
A point charge of $$+2.0*10^{-9}$$ C creates an electric potential in the surrounding space. (a) Ca
Electric Potential from Multiple Point Charges
Two fixed point charges, $$Q_1$$ and $$Q_2$$, are located at specified positions. A point A is locat
Electric Potential in a Dipole Configuration
An electric dipole is formed by two charges +Q and -Q with Q = 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ C, separated by 8.0 cm. Co
Energy Storage in a Parallel-Plate Capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 10 nF and holds a charge of 50 μC on each plate. (a
Equipotential Surfaces and Field Lines
A researcher maps the equipotential surfaces around an isolated charged sphere.
Equipotential Surfaces for a Point Charge
A point charge Q = 3.0 × 10⁻⁹ C is located at the origin. The electric potential V at a distance r f
Force and Potential Energy in the Hydrogen Atom
For a hydrogen atom, consider the proton and electron separated by a distance of 0.5×10^-10 m. Using
Force Comparison in Hydrogen Atom
An experiment is conceptually designed to compare the magnitude of the electric force to the gravita
Inductive Charging Experiment of Spheres
In an experiment, two identical initially neutral conducting spheres are placed on an insulating sta
Influence of Charge Magnitude on Electric Potential
Design an experiment using a variable charge on a point charge source to measure the resulting elect
Linear Variation of Electric Potential near a Charged Sheet
An experiment measured the electric potential at several distances from an infinite charged sheet. A
Mapping Equipotential Surfaces around Multiple Charged Particles
Design an experiment to map the equipotential surfaces for a system consisting of two positive and t
Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Analysis
The Millikan oil drop experiment played a pivotal role in determining the fundamental charge of the
Parallel-Plate Capacitor Characteristics and Energy Storage
A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of $$10\,nF$$ and stores a charge of $$50\,\mu C$$ on e
Parallel-Plate Capacitor: Potential Difference and Plate Area
A parallel-plate capacitor stores a charge of 50 μC on each plate and has a capacitance of 10 nF. (
Polarization Effects in Conductors vs. Insulators
A positively charged rod is brought near two initially uncharged spheres: Sphere A (a conductor) and
Potential Difference in a Parallel-Plate Capacitor
A parallel-plate capacitor has plates of area A = 0.05 m² separated by a distance d = 0.001 m and is
Proton-Electron Force Comparison
This question examines the forces between a proton and an electron in a hydrogen atom and requires y
Quantisation of Electric Charge
In a modern reinterpretation of the Millikan oil drop experiment, oil drops are observed to remain s
Superposition of Electric Fields: Square Charge Configuration
Four identical positive point charges are fixed at the vertices of a square with side length 0.20 m.
Superposition of Forces in a Square Configuration
Four equal positive point charges are placed at the vertices of a square. A negative charge is place
Uniform Electric Field from a Charged Plate
A large horizontal plate carries a uniform positive surface charge density σ = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ C/m².
Vector Addition of Electric Forces in an Equilateral Triangle
Three point charges are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with each side measuring 0
Voltmeter Experiment: Internal Resistance Oversight
A student designs an experiment to measure the electric potential difference between two points in a
Work and Potential Difference in a Uniform Electric Field
A positive charge of $$+1.0*10^{-2}$$ C is moved a distance of 0.15 m in the direction of a uniform
Work Calculation in a Non-Uniform Electric Field
An experiment tracks the work done on a charge as it moves through a non-uniform electric field crea
Work in a Non-Uniform Electric Field
A researcher moves a charge in the non-uniform electric field generated by a fixed point charge. The
Analyzing Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Two capacitors with capacitances of 4 μF and 6 μF are used in a circuit.
Analyzing Energy Dissipation in Circuits with Multiple Components under Variable Loads
A study claims that by optimizing the configuration of resistor networks, overall energy dissipation
Analyzing Power Dissipation with a Variable Resistor
A resistor with a variable resistance ranging from 5 Ω to 20 Ω is connected to a constant 12 V sourc
Analyzing Power Efficiency in Batteries with Internal Resistance
A battery with an EMF of 15 V and internal resistance $$r = 0.5\,Ω$$ is connected to a load resistor
Basic Analysis of Electric Current
Consider a simple circuit that contains a battery with a voltage of $$12\,V$$ and a resistor of $$10
Battery Discharge Rate through a Capacitor-Resistor Network
A student investigates the discharge curve of a capacitor in an RC circuit by recording the voltage
Battery Internal Resistance Analysis
A battery with an ideal electromotive force (EMF) of $$12\,V$$ has an internal resistance of $$1\,\O
Battery Internal Resistance Analysis
A battery can be modeled as an ideal EMF in series with an internal resistance r. The following tabl
Design and Analysis of a Flash Circuit for a Camera
A camera flash circuit uses a capacitor with capacitance $$C = 100\,\mu F$$, charged by a 300 V batt
Designing a Circuit for Energy Efficiency Testing
A recent study claims that by reconfiguring a circuit, the overall power loss in resistors can be mi
Determining Capacitance Changes Due to Physical Adjustments
A parallel-plate capacitor has plate area A, plate separation d, and a dielectric constant k. Answer
Determining Equivalent Resistance in Mixed Resistor Networks
A circuit is constructed using three resistors: one resistor of 100 \(\Omega\), one of 200 \(\Omega\
Determining Resistivity from Measured Data
A student measures several parameters of a wire in order to calculate its resistivity.
Determining Resistivity through Experimental Measurements
A researcher studies a uniform wire made of an unknown material. The wire has a length of 2 m and a
Effects of a Variable Resistor on Circuit Behavior
A variable resistor is used in a series circuit powered by a 15V battery.
Evaluation of Circuit Performance with a Faulty Capacitor (Capacitor Failure Analysis)
A capacitor in an RC circuit, which is expected to be 47 μF, is suspected of being faulty due to lea
Experimental Determination of Resistivity
A student performs an experiment to determine the resistivity of a metal wire. The wire has a measur
Heat Generation and Power Dissipation in Resistors
A circuit experiment provides measurements of voltage and current for different resistors. Use the d
Impact of Temperature on Battery Performance
Temperature can impact battery performance by altering its internal resistance.
Investigation of Capacitor-Battery Interaction under Variable Conditions
In an experiment, a capacitor is charged under two conditions: with the battery connected and with t
Kirchhoff's Laws in a Multi-Loop Circuit
A circuit consists of two loops sharing a common resistor. In Loop 1, a 12 V battery is connected in
Kirchhoff’s Laws: Loop and Junction Analysis
An experiment was conducted on a multi-loop circuit to test Kirchhoff's loop and junction rules. The
Microcontroller-Based Circuit Measurement Setup
Design a circuit that integrates a microcontroller to continuously measure the current and voltage i
Multi-branch Circuit Analysis
A complex circuit consists of two branches: Branch A contains two resistors (4 Ω and 3 Ω) in series,
Non-Ohmic Behavior in Real-World Devices
Some devices, such as filament bulbs or semiconductors, exhibit non-ohmic behavior, meaning their V-
Power Dissipation in Circuit Components
A simple circuit consists of a resistor connected to a battery. Consider a scenario where a 9 V batt
RC Circuit Response and Steady State Behavior
Consider an RC circuit containing a battery, a resistor, a capacitor, and an additional resistor in
RC Circuit Transients and Time Constants
An RC circuit is comprised of a resistor $$R = 5\times10^3\,\Omega$$ and a capacitor $$C = 2\,\mu F$
Series and Parallel Resistor Analysis
This question examines the behavior of resistors arranged in series and parallel in simple circuits.
Series-Parallel Circuit with Capacitors and Resistors
A complex circuit is built with both resistor and capacitor networks. In the resistor network, resis
Transient Analysis with a Pulse Input in an RC Circuit
An RC circuit is subjected to a pulse input voltage that is maintained at $$10 \text{ V}$$ from $$t
Analysis of Magnetic Field vs. Distance for a Current-Carrying Wire
An experiment measures the magnetic field at various distances from a long, straight current-carryin
Assessing Magnetic Permeability Effects
This FRQ explores how the magnetic permeability of materials influences the magnetic field generated
Calculating Magnetic Flux in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A rectangular loop with width $$w = 0.2$$ m and height $$h = 0.3$$ m is placed in a magnetic field t
Comparing Magnetic Effects in Materials with Different Magnetic Permeabilities
Two samples, Material X and Material Y, are placed in an identical external magnetic field of $$0.2$
Current-Carrying Wire Force Experiment
A group of students conducts an experiment to measure the force on a U-shaped current-carrying wire
Current-Carrying Wire Magnetic Field
A researcher examines the magnetic field created by a long, straight current-carrying wire. The magn
Design and Analysis of a Railgun
Railguns use magnetic forces to accelerate projectiles. In this problem, analyze the principles behi
Designing an Electromagnetic Induction Experiment
This FRQ requires designing an experiment to investigate how the speed of a sliding rod affects the
Designing an Experiment for Faraday's Law
Faraday’s law states that a changing magnetic flux through a circuit induces an emf. Design an exper
Determining Magnetic Field Direction Around a Wire
A long, straight vertical wire carries a current of 15 A upward. Around the wire, four points (A, B,
Determining Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
An experimental report describes the measurement of the magnetic force on a proton moving at $$2*10^
Determining Magnetic Permeability via Solenoid Insertion
Design an experiment to determine the magnetic permeability of a material by inserting it into a sol
Distance Dependence of Magnetic Field from a Current Wire
An experiment measured the magnetic field strength at various distances from a long, straight wire c
Evaluating Magnetic Flux Change in a Rotating Loop
A circular loop of wire is rotated in a uniform magnetic field. The change in orientation causes the
Experimental Investigation of Lenz's Law
A researcher sets up an experiment where the area of a coil is rapidly decreased while the coil is p
Exploring Motional EMF in a Moving Conductor
Design an experiment to measure the motional emf generated when a conductor moves through a uniform
Faraday’s Law and Induced EMF
An experiment uses a coil with a fixed number of turns, where the external magnetic field strength i
Force on a Charged Particle in a Non-Uniform Magnetic Field
A charged particle with charge $$q$$ moves with constant speed $$v$$ in a region where the magnetic
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Analyze the factors affecting the magnitu
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves in a uniform magnetic field. Consider a scenario where the particle moves w
Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
A charged particle moves through a uniform magnetic field. Determine the magnetic force acting under
Induced EMF and Conductor Length
An experiment is conducted in which a conducting rod moves through a magnetic field, and the induced
Investigating Lenz's Law with a Retractable Coil
A magnet is moved rapidly through a coil of wire that is connected to a sensitive oscilloscope to re
Lenz's Law in a Sliding Bar Circuit
A conducting bar slides on a pair of parallel rails, forming a rectangular loop, in the presence of
Magnetic Field Mapping with Iron Dust
Iron dust is often used to visualize magnetic field lines. When sprinkled on a surface placed over a
Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire and Force on a Proton
A long, straight wire carries a current of $$I = 10 \; A$$. A proton moving parallel to the wire wit
Magnetic Field vs. Distance Experiment
A researcher measures the magnetic field strength around a long, straight current-carrying wire at v
Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a U-Shaped Conductor
This FRQ examines the application of the magnetic force formula on current-carrying conductors and e
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines using Computer Simulation
Students use a computer simulation to model the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet and analyze
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines with Iron Dust
A recent experimental report claims that by sprinkling iron dust on a piece of paper placed over a b
Mapping Magnetic Field Lines with Iron Filings
A bar magnet is placed on a flat surface and iron filings are sprinkled around it. Describe how yo
Mapping Magnetic Fields around a Bar Magnet
A researcher is studying the magnetic field of a standard bar magnet in a controlled laboratory sett
Mapping the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Current-Carrying Wire
In this experiment, students use a Hall sensor to measure the magnetic field (B) at various distance
Measurement of Magnetic Field Gradient near an Electromagnet
A research team uses a magnetic field probe to measure the gradient of the magnetic field in the vic
Measurement of Magnetic Fields Using Hall Effect Sensors
The Hall Effect is a valuable tool for measuring magnetic fields. Explain the principle behind Hall
Motional EMF and Conductor Velocity
A lab simulation studies the effect of a conducting rod's velocity on the motional EMF generated whe
Motional EMF in a Conducting Rod
This FRQ focuses on the phenomenon of motional electromotive force (emf) generated in a moving rod w
Motional EMF in a Moving Rod
A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.3 m$$ moves with a constant velocity of $$v = 2 m/s$$ along paral
Net Force on a Current-Carrying U-shaped Wire
Consider a U-shaped wire immersed in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude $$B = 0.2 \; T$$ directed
Power and Energy Conversion in Motional EMF
A conducting rod of length $$L = 0.5 m$$ moves at a constant speed of $$v = 3 m/s$$ through a unifor
Proton Force Near a Current-Carrying Wire
A proton moves near a long, straight wire carrying a fixed current, and its magnetic force is measur
Qualitative Analysis of Magnetic Field Lines Using Iron Dust Technique
A scientist uses finely milled iron dust to visualize the magnetic field lines around a permanent ba
Rotating Coil and Faraday's Law
A circular coil rotates at a constant angular speed within a uniform magnetic field. During rotation
Temperature Effects on Magnetic Permeability in Materials
Researchers aim to study how temperature influences the relative magnetic permeability of ferromagne
Time-Varying Magnetic Flux in a Rotating Loop
This FRQ explores the time dependency of magnetic flux in a rotating loop and the resulting induced
U-Shaped Wire Current Balance
A researcher studies a U-shaped wire with three segments (two vertical legs and one horizontal segme
Zero Net Force in U-Shaped Wire Experiment
In a controlled experiment, a U-shaped wire with three segments is partially immersed in a magnetic
Calculating Lens Power from Image Magnification
The power of a lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length (in meters). Analyze an example
Chromatic Aberration in Lenses
Chromatic aberration occurs when a lens fails to focus all wavelengths to the same point. Answer the
Concave Mirror Image Analysis
This question involves using the mirror formula to determine the properties of images formed by a co
Concave Mirror Image Analysis
An object of height $$h_o = 4 \ cm$$ is placed at a distance of $$d_o = 30 \ cm$$ in front of a conc
Concave Mirror Ray Diagram: Reflection Error Analysis
A student is asked to draw ray diagrams for a concave mirror experiment. The student accurately reco
Converging Lens Experiment: Measuring Focal Length Using Object-Image Distances
Design an experiment to measure the focal length of a converging lens using object and image distanc
Critical Angle Determination for Various Media
A researcher is studying critical angles when light passes from glass (with $$n=1.5$$) into differen
Diffraction Comparison: Single vs. Double Slit
In this question, you will compare the diffraction pattern produced by a single slit with the interf
Diffraction Grating for Wavelength Determination
A diffraction grating with 5000 lines per cm is used to measure the wavelength of a light source. Th
Diffraction Grating Wavelength Measurement
A student uses a diffraction grating with 5000 lines per centimeter to measure the wavelength of an
Diverging Lens: Image Formation Analysis
This question involves analyzing image formation by a diverging lens using the thin lens equation an
Effect of Medium on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation: Experiment Design
Design an experiment to investigate how different media affect the propagation speed of electromagne
Effect of Medium on EM Wave Propagation: Frequency Invariance Error Analysis
A student investigates the propagation of electromagnetic waves through air with varying humidity le
Effects of Wavelength Change in Interference Patterns
This question examines the effect of changing the wavelength of light on the interference patterns p
Electromagnetic Wave Characterization
A researcher studies electromagnetic waves emitted by distant stars, using the fundamental relation
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Vacuum
A researcher is investigating the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum. An oscillating d
Extended Analysis in Young's Double Slit Experiment with Changing Wavelength
A researcher performs Young's double slit experiment with a slit separation of $$d = 0.5*10^{-3}$$ m
Frequency Determination of Green Light: Speed of Light Misassumption
A student attempts to calculate the frequency of green light by measuring its wavelength with a spec
Interference in Thin Films
A researcher studies the colorful interference patterns observed in a thin soap film, where film thi
Interference in Young's Double Slit Experiment
A student investigates interference patterns using a double-slit setup in a controlled laboratory ex
Magnification in Diverging Lens: Formula Misapplication Error Analysis
A student performs an experiment with a diverging lens by measuring object height, image height, obj
Multi-Wavelength Interference Experiment
In an experiment using a diffraction grating, two monochromatic light sources are employed: red ligh
Multiple Interfaces: Sequential Refraction
A light ray passes through a system consisting of three media with refractive indices: air ($$n_1 =
Optical Fibers and Total Internal Reflection
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- Of course, make sure to run through College Board's past FRQ questions!
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