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AP World History: Modern Free Response Questions

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  • Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (29)
  • Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (28)
  • Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (24)
  • Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (26)
  • Unit 5: Revolutions (29)
  • Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization (25)
  • Unit 7: Global Conflict (33)
  • Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (30)
  • Unit 9: Globalization (26)
Unit 1: The Global Tapestry

DBQ: Causation - The Spread and Impact of Major Religions

Evaluate the extent to which the spread of major religions led to changes in social structures and c

Hard

DBQ: Changes in History - The Impact of Religion on Political Developments

Evaluate the extent to which the spread of Christianity and Islam affected political developments in

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Decline of Islamic Caliphates

Evaluate the extent to which internal rivalries and Mongol invasions affected the stability of Islam

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Emergence of Nation-States

Evaluate the extent to which the emergence of nation-states in the 13th to 15th centuries affected p

Extreme

LEQ: Changes in History - Buddhism's Influence

Evaluate the extent to which Buddhism changed social structures and cultural practices in East Asia

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - European Feudalism

Evaluate the extent to which the Black Death changed European feudalism in the period 1347-1600 CE.

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - Inca and Aztec Empires

Evaluate the extent to which the arrival of Europeans changed the political and social structures of

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - Spread of Religions

Evaluate the extent to which the spread of Islam changed religious practices and political systems i

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - Decline of Islamic Caliphates

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the decline of Islamic Caliphates in the period 1000 C

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - Development of Trade Networks

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the development and expansion of major trade networks

Extreme

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Decline of the Islamic Caliphates

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Extreme

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Emergence of Nation-States in Europe

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Song Dynasty Innovations

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Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Spread of Islam and the Islamic Golden Age

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Magna Carta and Democratic Principles

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Technological Innovations of the Song Dynasty

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Abbasid Caliphate's Golden Age

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Delhi Sultanate's Impact

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Signing of the Magna Carta

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Chinese Dynasties

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Feudalism in Europe

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Easy

SAQ: Historians Disagree - Abbasid Dynasty's Golden Age

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Cherokee Nation Constitution

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Extreme

SAQ: Primary Source - Tenochtitlan Described

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - The Opening of the Qur'an

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Easy

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Buddhism and Christianity

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Confucianism and Hinduism

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Islam and Christianity Expansion

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Ming and Aztec Societies

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Easy
Unit 2: Networks of Exchange

DBQ: Causation - Impact of Trade Networks

Evaluate the extent to which the development of trade networks from the 11th to the 15th century led

Hard

DBQ: Changes in History - The Mongol Empire and European Trade

Evaluate the extent to which the Mongol Empire affected European trade and cultural exchange in the

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage

Evaluate the extent to which Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in the 14th century affected the Islam

Easy

LEQ: Causation - The Mongol Empire's Influence

Evaluate the extent to which the expansion of the Mongol Empire affected global trade networks in th

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Spread of the Bubonic Plague

Evaluate the extent to which trade networks contributed to the spread of the Bubonic Plague in the 1

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of the Mongol Empire on Trade and Cultural Diffusion

Evaluate the extent to which global trade and cultural diffusion changed in response to the expansio

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Role of the Silk Road in Cultural Exchange

Evaluate the extent to which cultural exchange changed in response to developments along the Silk Ro

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Spread of the Bubonic Plague

Evaluate the relative importance of trade networks and urbanization in the spread of the Bubonic Pla

Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Mongol Expansion

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Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Crusades

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Hanseatic League

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Mongol Governance

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Silk Road

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Song Dynasty Innovations

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Chinese Technology

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Hanseatic League

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Indian Ocean Trade

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Mongol Empire

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Hard

SAQ: Historians Disagree - The Impact of the Hanseatic League

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - Mansa Musa's Mali

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Easy

SAQ: Primary Source - Mongol Conquests

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Crusades

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Easy

SAQ: Primary Source - The Hanseatic League

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - The Silk Road

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Hanseatic League and Silk Road

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Mali and Songhai Empires

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Hard
Unit 3: Land-Based Empires

DBQ: Changes in History - The Renaissance and its Impact on European Society

Evaluate the extent to which the Renaissance affected the development of the Protestant Reformation

Hard

DBQ: Relative Causes - The Protestant Reformation

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the Protestant Reformation in the period 1517-1555.

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire

Evaluate the extent to which the expansion of the Ottoman Empire affected the political and religiou

Medium

LEQ: Causation - The Protestant Reformation

Evaluate the extent to which the Protestant Reformation affected European political power structures

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of the Glorious Revolution on English Governance

Evaluate the extent to which English governance changed in response to the Glorious Revolution in th

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - The Protestant Reformation's Effect on European Politics

Evaluate the extent to which European political structures changed in response to the Protestant Ref

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Protestant Reformation

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of The Protestant Reformation in the period 1500-1700.

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Rise of European Empires

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the rise of European empires in the period 1450-1650.

Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - European Colonization of the Americas

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Protestant Reformation

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Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Qing Dynasty's Rise

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Scientific Revolution

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Glorious Revolution

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Qing Dynasty

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Scientific Revolution

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Mughal Empire

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - The Protestant Reformation

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Martin Luther and the Reformation

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Glorious Revolution

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Scientific Revolution

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Ottoman and Mughal Empires

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

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Extreme

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Tokugawa Japan and Qing China

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Medium
Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections

DBQ: Causation - The Age of Exploration

Evaluate the extent to which the Age of Exploration led to the transformation of global trade and in

Hard

DBQ: Changes in History - The Impact of European Colonization

Evaluate the extent to which the discovery and colonization of the New World affected European socie

Hard

DBQ: Relative Causes - Age of Exploration and Its Impacts

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the Age of Exploration and its impacts in the period 1

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Effects of European Exploration

Evaluate the extent to which European exploration from 1450 to 1650 affected indigenous societies in

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Impact of the African Slave Trade

Evaluate the extent to which the African slave trade affected African societies in the period 1450-1

Medium

LEQ: Causation - The Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Evaluate the extent to which the Columbian Exchange affected global populations in the period 1450-1

Medium

LEQ: Causation - The Role of Technology in Exploration

Evaluate the extent to which advancements in navigation technology affected European exploration in

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Columbian Exchange

Evaluate the relative importance of the Columbian Exchange's consequences on Europe and the Americas

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Commercial Revolution

Evaluate the relative importance of technological advancements in navigation and the rise of mercant

Extreme

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Encomienda System

Evaluate the relative importance of economic greed and the desire for territorial expansion as cause

Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - African Slave Trade

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Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Columbian Exchange

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Columbus's Perspective

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Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Encomienda System

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Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Treaty of Tordesillas

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Treaty of Tordesillas

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - European Exploration

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - The Columbian Exchange

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - The Commercial Revolution

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Easy

SAQ: Historians Disagree - Motivations Behind Portuguese Exploration

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - Columbus' First Voyage

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Easy

SAQ: Primary Source - The Encomienda System

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Columbian Exchange

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Easy

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Disease as a Weapon

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Encomienda System and African Slave Trade

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Exploration and Expansion

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Medium
Unit 5: Revolutions

DBQ: Causation - The French Revolution

Evaluate the extent to which Enlightenment ideas led to the developments of the French Revolution in

Hard

DBQ: Changes in History - Enlightenment and Revolutions

Evaluate the extent to which the Enlightenment influenced revolutionary movements in the period 1750

Hard

DBQ: Relative Causes - Revolutions in the Americas and Europe

Evaluate the relative importance of Enlightenment ideals and economic grievances in the revolutions

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Industrial Revolution and Social Changes

Evaluate the extent to which the Industrial Revolution affected social hierarchies in the period 175

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Nationalism and Unification Movements

Evaluate the extent to which nationalist movements contributed to the unification of Italy and Germa

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Enlightenment and Democratic Ideals

Evaluate the extent to which Enlightenment ideas affected the development of democracy in the period

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - Enlightenment Influence on Revolutions

Evaluate the extent to which the Enlightenment changed political thought and practice in the period

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - Industrial Revolution's Global Impact

Evaluate the extent to which the Industrial Revolution changed economic practices and social structu

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - Nationalism's Role in State Formation

Evaluate the extent to which nationalism influenced the formation of nation-states in the 19th centu

Extreme

LEQ: Changes in History - Revolutions' Impact on Global Politics

Evaluate the extent to which revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries changed global po

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - Enlightenment Influences on Revolutions

Evaluate the relative importance of Enlightenment ideas in influencing the revolutions in the Americ

Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Declaration of Independence

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Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Federal Government Necessity

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Marx's Critique of Capitalism

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - American Revolution

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Congress of Vienna

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Enlightenment Ideas

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Industrial Revolution

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Nationalism

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Industrial Revolution

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Nationalism

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - The Enlightenment

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Medium

SAQ: Historians Disagree - Enlightenment's Influence on Democracy

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Medium

SAQ: Historians Disagree - Formation of British National Identity

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Declaration of Independence

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - The Social Contract

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Enlightenment Philosophers

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

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Extreme

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Latin American Independence Movements

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Hard
Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

DBQ: Relative Causes - European Imperialism and Its Global Impact

Evaluate the relative importance of economic motivations, technological advancements, and national r

Hard

LEQ: Causation - European Colonization and Resource Depletion

Evaluate the extent to which European colonization affected natural resource depletion and environme

Medium

LEQ: Causation - Opium Wars and Chinese Society

Evaluate the extent to which the Opium Wars affected Chinese society and governance during the perio

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - European Colonization and Resource Extraction

Evaluate the extent to which the search for natural resources changed European colonization strategi

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - European Imperialism in Africa

Evaluate the extent to which the Berlin Conference changed the landscape of African colonization in

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - European Colonization for Resources

Evaluate the relative importance of the search for natural resources in driving European colonizatio

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - European Imperialism in Africa

Evaluate the relative importance of economic, political, and cultural factors in the European coloni

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - Japanese Imperialism

Evaluate the relative importance of internal reform and external pressures in the modernization and

Easy

LEQ: Relative Causes - Opium Wars and Chinese Imperialism

Evaluate the relative importance of economic interests and military power in the European imperialis

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - US Foreign Policy Shifts

Evaluate the relative importance of economic interests, political ideologies, and strategic concerns

Extreme

SAQ: Cause and Effect - European Colonization for Resources

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Berlin Conference and Africa's Partition

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Opium Wars and China

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Berlin Conference and Africa

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - European Colonization and Resource Extraction

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - European Justifications for Imperialism

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Responses to European Imperialism

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Hard

SAQ: Historians Disagree - Economic vs. Ideological Motivations for Colonization

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - British Imperialism in India

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Drive for Colonization

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - European Imperialism in India and China

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - European Justifications for Imperialism

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Easy

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Imperialism's Impact on Local Economies

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Resistance Movements

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - US and European Imperialism

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Easy
Unit 7: Global Conflict

DBQ: Changes in History - From WWI to the Cold War

Evaluate the extent to which the outcomes of World War I affected the political and social condition

Hard

DBQ: Relative Causes - The Outbreak of World War I

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of World War I in the period 1900-1914.

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Economic Consequences of the Great Depression

Evaluate the extent to which the Great Depression affected global economies in the period 1929 to 19

Medium

LEQ: Causation - Impact of WWI on European Political Landscapes

Evaluate the extent to which World War I affected the political landscapes of European countries in

Medium

LEQ: Causation - Impact of WWII on Colonial Empires

Evaluate the extent to which World War II affected the decline of European colonial empires in the p

Extreme

LEQ: Causation - The Cold War's Beginnings

Evaluate the extent to which the outcomes of World War II contributed to the beginning of the Cold W

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Role of Fascism in WWII

Evaluate the extent to which the rise of fascism contributed to the start of World War II in the per

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - The Evolution of Nationalism from WWI to Post-WWII

Evaluate the extent to which the concept and impact of nationalism changed from the period of World

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of the Great Depression on Global Politics

Evaluate the extent to which the Great Depression changed global politics in the period 1929-1945.

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of WWI on European Diplomacy and International Relations

Evaluate the extent to which European diplomacy and international relations changed in response to W

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Role of Ideology in Shaping the 20th Century

Evaluate the extent to which ideological conflicts shaped the course of the 20th century in the peri

Extreme

LEQ: Relative Causes - Decline of Colonialism

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the decline of colonialism and the rise of independenc

Easy

LEQ: Relative Causes - Origins of World War I

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the outbreak of World War I in the period 1878-1914.

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Cold War

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Rise of Fascism

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the rise of fascism in Europe in the period 1919-1939.

Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Founding of the United Nations

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Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Outbreak of World War I

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Treaty of Versailles

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Racial Ideologies in Conflict

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Atomic Age

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Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Formation of the United Nations

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Rise of Fascism

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Impact of World Wars on Colonialism

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Rise of Fascism

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - The Cold War's Global Influence

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Hard

SAQ: Historians Disagree - The Catalyst of WWI

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Fascist Ideology in Italy

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - Formation of the United Nations

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Easy

SAQ: Primary Source - Reflections on the Atomic Bomb

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Iron Curtain and the Cold War

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - World War I Soldier's Perspective

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Economic Policies of Stalin and Mussolini

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Easy

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Role of Women in WWI and WWII

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Medium
Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

DBQ: Causation - The Cold War's Global Impact

Evaluate the extent to which the Cold War led to changes in political alignments and social structur

Hard

DBQ: Changes in History - Cold War Ideologies and Global Influence

Evaluate the extent to which the Cold War affected global alignments and ideologies in the period 19

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Cuban Missile Crisis' Impact on Cold War Tensions

Evaluate the extent to which the Cuban Missile Crisis affected Cold War tensions between the United

Easy

LEQ: Causation - The Effects of Mao Zedong's Policies on China

Evaluate the extent to which Mao Zedong's policies affected China's social and economic development

Hard

LEQ: Causation - The Impact of Decolonization in Africa

Evaluate the extent to which decolonization affected political and social structures in African nati

Medium

LEQ: Causation - The Impact of the Truman Doctrine and NATO on the Cold War Dynamics

Evaluate the extent to which the Truman Doctrine and the formation of NATO affected the dynamics of

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - Decolonization and Nationalism

Evaluate the extent to which the process of decolonization changed in response to the emergence of n

Hard

LEQ: Changes in History - The Cuban Revolution

Evaluate the extent to which the Cuban Revolution changed Cuba's relationship with the United States

Easy

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of the Cold War on Global Alliances

Evaluate the extent to which the formation of global alliances changed in response to the Cold War i

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - Cold War Alliances

Evaluate the relative importance of ideological differences versus security concerns in the formatio

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - Decolonization in Africa

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of decolonization in Africa in the period 1945-1965.

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Fall of the Soviet Union

Evaluate the relative importance of economic issues versus political reforms in the collapse of the

Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Decolonization Challenges

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Extreme

SAQ: Cause and Effect - International Reaction to U.S. Civil Rights

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Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Soviet Union's Stance during Cold War

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Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Great Leap Forward

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Decolonization in Africa

Analyze the process of decolonization in Africa as reflected in Harold Macmillan's speech.

Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Fall of the Berlin Wall

Analyze the significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall in the context of the Cold War's end.

Hard

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Truman Doctrine

Analyze the Truman Doctrine's role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War.

Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - China's Political Evolution

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Cold War Alliances

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Decolonization in Africa

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Hard

SAQ: Historians Disagree - The Nature of the Cold War

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Kim Il-sung on Korean Division

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - The Berlin Wall

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - African Independence Movements

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Hard

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Cold War Superpowers

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Medium

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Decolonization in Asia

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Easy

SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Middle East Conflicts

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Easy
Unit 9: Globalization

DBQ: Causation - The Impact of 9/11 on Global Security and Policy

Evaluate the extent to which the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks led to changes in global secur

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Environmental Change

Evaluate the extent to which global integration in the late 20th and early 21st centuries affected e

Hard

LEQ: Causation - Global Health Crises

Evaluate the extent to which global health crises in the late 20th and early 21st centuries affected

Medium

LEQ: Causation - Global Terrorism

Evaluate the extent to which the rise of international terrorism affected global security policies i

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - Global Health Crises

Evaluate the extent to which global health crises have changed in response to advancements in medica

Medium

LEQ: Changes in History - The Impact of 9/11 on International Security Measures

Evaluate the extent to which international security measures changed in response to the September 11

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - Economic Globalization

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of economic globalization in the period 1980-2000.

Hard

LEQ: Relative Causes - Environmental Change

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of environmental change in the period 1950-2000.

Medium

LEQ: Relative Causes - Global Health Crises

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of global health crises in the period 1980-2000.

Easy

LEQ: Relative Causes - The Age of the Computer

Evaluate the relative importance of causes of the rapid development and spread of computer technolog

Medium

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Environmental Impact of Globalization

Answer the following AP World History: Modern Short Answer Question

Hard

SAQ: Cause and Effect - Global Trade Agreements

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Easy

SAQ: Cause and Effect - The Digital Revolution

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Economic Growth in China

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Global Environmental Awareness

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - Post-9/11 US Foreign Policy

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Medium

SAQ: Continuity and Change - The Impact of the Internet

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Age of the Computer

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Easy

SAQ: Continuity and Change (No Stimulus) - Global Health Crises

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - 9/11 and the War on Terrorism

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Hard

SAQ: Primary Source - Global Warming and Environmental Damage

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - NAFTA and the European Union

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Easy

SAQ: Primary Source - Persian Gulf War and its Aftermath

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Medium

SAQ: Primary Source - The Digital Revolution

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SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Environmental Concerns

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SAQ: Similarity and Difference - Global Health Crises

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Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note

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Where can I find practice free response questions for the AP World History: Modern exam?
The free response section of each AP exam varies slightly, so you’ll definitely want to practice that before stepping into that exam room. Here are some free places to find practice FRQs :
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Once you’re done reviewing your study guides, find and bookmark all the free response questions you can find. The question above has some good places to look! while you’re going through them, simulate exam conditions by setting a timer that matches the time allowed on the actual exam. Time management is going to help you answer the FRQs on the real exam concisely when you’re in that time crunch.
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Before you start writing out your response, take a few minutes to outline the key points you want to make sure to touch on. This may seem like a waste of time, but it’s very helpful in making sure your response effectively addresses all the parts of the question. Once you do your practice free response questions, compare them to scoring guidelines and sample responses to identify areas for improvement. When you do the free response practice on the AP World History: Modern Free Response Room, there’s an option to let it grade your response against the rubric and tell you exactly what you need to study more.
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