Semester Review (Europe)

Whose authority did the Protestant Reformation challenge?

The Pope

What concern did German and English nobility have about the Church?

Italian domination

How did Luther make the Bible more accessible?

Translated the Bible into German

Who was John Calvin?

A Protestant Theologian

What would Calvin have seen as an example of righteous living?

A Strong work Ethic

Why did Henry break with the Catholic Church?

The Pope didn’t grant him to divorce

What was the result of the English victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588?

English colonial expansion

What ruling family of the Holy Roman Empire remained loyal to the Pope during the Protestant Refirmation?

The Hapsburg family

What was the 30 year war?

Protestant vs Catholics

France early example of religious toleration

Edict of Nantes

Main goal of The Society of Jesus or Jesuits?

Spread Catholicism in the New world

Where did the Renaissance spread from Italy?

Northern Europe

Human philosopher of the Renaissance

Erasmus

What spread the literacy and the ideas of the Reformation?

Gutenberg Printing Press

Example of close relationship between the Catholic Church and monarchs of Europe

Pope granting land discovered by Columbus to Spain

Example of Europe interest in transoceanic trade & travel

Discovery of new land

What did Italian City-states develop to facilitate trade?

Credit

What did the intro of cash crops lead to?

Reliance on coerced labor

What did labor union promote?

Worker’s right & improved social conditions

What were influences on Mary Wollstonecraft views?

Reason, Enlightenment, French Revolution

What movement did Mary Wollstonecraft promote?

Feminism

What did the Dominican friars criticize?

Equal access to education for women

What did the Dominicans friars criticize?

Treatment of indigenous people

What are examples of coerced labor?

Slavery, mit’a, encomienda system

What did Friedrich Engels believe in?

Working class loved in poverty

What caused poverty for the working class according to Friedrich Engels?

Global capitalism

What ideology did Engel ideas and observations support?

Marxism

Who is Simon Bolivar address in his speech to the Council of Angostura?

Mestizo & Molattoes

What did Bolivar lead?

Independent countries in Latin America (eg. Bolivia)

What civilization would most likely have influenced the Mississippian peoples?

Aztecs/Mexica

The idea that working class supports all other classes relates to what ideology?

Marxism

Laws regulating membership in skilled trades support the aim of which social class?

Working class

System on relationship between members or military elite from exchange of land for military service and loyalty

Feudalism

Feudal states rose in Both Europe and Asia as a result of what?

Fragmentation

Haiti’s independence differed from other Latin American movements in what ways?

Began as a slave revolt

Western European monarchs employed which methods to win “absolute” control of their state?

Professional army, new taxes, trained bureaucrats

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on working class European women?

Work worked less from household

What were causes of the French Revolution

Philosophers like Locke, American Revolution, Monarch extravagance

What did Otto von Bismarck and Giuseppe Garibaldi both want?

Unify their Nations

Which Enlightment thinker wanted the separation of powers in a government?

Montesquieu