AP Environmental Science FRQ Room

Aquifer Depletion and Consequences

This question explores the structure and function of aquifers and the consequences of their depletio

Assessing Nitrogen Fertilizer Impact on Ecosystems

Intensive agriculture in a watershed has led to doubling the available fixed nitrogen. A graph is pr

Biomass and Energy Pyramids in Aquatic vs. Terrestrial Ecosystems

This question examines the structure of biomass and energy pyramids in different ecosystems and expl

Biomes: Adaptations in Terrestrial Environments

This question investigates how species adapt to extreme terrestrial biomes such as deserts and tundr

Ecosystem Interactions and Niche Differentiation

A field study in a temperate forest examines two rodent species – a generalist and a specialist. The

Ecosystem Response to Limiting Factors

A researcher is investigating the effect of nitrate concentration on the growth rate of a particular

Energy Flow in a Terrestrial Ecosystem Microcosm

A researcher constructs a small terrestrial microcosm that includes a primary producer (grass), a pr

Energy Flow in Food Webs and the 10% Rule

A researcher is investigating the flow of energy through a terrestrial food web. Measurements have b

Energy Transfer and the 10% Rule in Aquatic Ecosystems

A study in an aquatic ecosystem provides a table summarizing the energy content (in joules) at vario

Energy Transfer Efficiency in Ecosystems and the 10% Rule

The 10% rule is often used to describe energy transfer between trophic levels. Use the following par

Eutrophication and Algal Bloom Simulation

A researcher simulates eutrophication by adding controlled amounts of fertilizer to a series of fres

Evaluating Human Impact on Wetlands

The ecological services provided by wetlands are significantly affected by human activities. The tab

FRQ 6: Water Quality Trends and Aquifer Depletion Table Analysis

Examine the provided table that displays groundwater levels, pumping rates, and signs of aquifer dep

FRQ 9: Ecological Niches – Generalists vs. Specialists Diagram Analysis

Examine the provided table comparing traits of generalist and specialist species. Explain how these

Human Alterations to Nutrient Cycles

Assess how various human activities alter natural nutrient cycles such as carbon, nitrogen, and phos

Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle

Human activities such as deforestation and fossil fuel burning have significantly altered the carbon

Investigating Phosphorus Runoff Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems

Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that increased phosphate runoff leads to eutrophication

Nitrogen Cycle Alterations and Ecosystem Effects

This question investigates the nitrogen cycle and the impact of increased anthropogenic nitrogen inp

Phosphorus Limitation and Crop Yields

Agronomists have investigated how soil phosphorus availability affects crop yields. The table below

Population Growth and Carrying Capacity in a Woodland Ecosystem

A population of deer in a forest follows logistic growth. The logistic growth model is given by $$P(

Primary Productivity: GPP vs. NPP

This question focuses on understanding primary productivity in ecosystems by comparing Gross Primary

Seasonal Turnover and Lake Stratification

A limnologist collected temperature data at various depths in a temperate lake during summer stratif

Temperature and Water Density: Lake Stratification

Water has its maximum density at 4°C. In a stratified lake, the epilimnion at 20°C has a density of

Water Cycle and Aquifer Sustainability

Discuss the processes of the water cycle and examine the factors that lead to aquifer depletion in m

Anthropogenic Impacts on Biodiversity: Analysis and Remediation

This question explores the impact of human activities on biodiversity and requires analysis of a pro

Climate Change and Species Range Shifts

Climate change is influencing species distributions around the globe. In this context, it is importa

Comparative Insect Survival under Pesticide Exposure

In an experiment, two populations of insects are exposed to increasing concentrations of pesticides.

Ecological Succession in a Disturbed Ecosystem

Following a major disturbance, an ecosystem undergoes successional changes. Analyze the progression

Ecosystem Services Dependency on Biodiversity

The following table lists various ecosystem services and their dependency on biodiversity on a scale

Effects of Environmental Gradients on Species Abundance (Law of Tolerance)

Examine how environmental gradients influence species abundance and discuss the application of the L

Evolutionary Adaptation and Natural Selection Over Time

Analyze the process of evolutionary adaptation and natural selection in response to environmental ch

Examining Genetic Diversity in a Botanical Garden

A researcher conducted a study in a botanical garden to measure genetic diversity among various plan

FRQ 4: Ecosystem Services Valuation

A researcher evaluates the ecosystem services provided by different land uses in a region, including

FRQ 7: Natural Disruptions – Impact on Ecosystems

A study examines how natural disruptions, such as flooding, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions, affec

Generalists vs. Specialists: Responses to Habitat Loss

Compare how generalist and specialist species respond to habitat loss. Consider both behavioral and

Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Biodiversity

Examine the role that anthropogenic activities play in reducing biodiversity and discuss potential r

Impact of Invasive Plant Species on Local Biodiversity

An ecologist introduced a non-native plant species into a controlled plot to observe its effect on n

Island Biogeography and Species Diversity

This question explores the principles of island biogeography and how island size and isolation affec

Island Biogeography and Species Richness

This FRQ investigates the principles of island biogeography and their influence on species richness.

Island Size and Species Richness Relationship

Island biogeography theory suggests a relationship between island area and species richness. A graph

Keystone Species and Food Web Stability

This question focuses on the role of keystone species in maintaining food web stability and requires

Natural Disruptions and Ecosystem Stability

This question explores the ecological impacts of natural disruptions such as flooding, volcanic erup

Natural Disruptions in Ecosystems

This question examines the ecological impacts of natural disruptions such as flooding, wildfires, an

Population Bottleneck and Genetic Diversity

A population of organisms underwent a catastrophic bottleneck event, drastically reducing its number

Specialist vs. Generalist Species Adaptations

This question requires you to compare specialist and generalist species, discussing their adaptation

Species Richness Dynamics in Successional Communities

Examine the dynamics of species richness during ecological succession.

Succession Processes in Disturbed Ecosystems: Comparing Primary and Secondary Succession

Compare primary and secondary succession processes in disturbed ecosystems.

The Role of Keystone Species in Ecosystem Stability

Evaluate the significance of keystone species in maintaining ecosystem stability.

Tracking Ecological Succession in a Disturbed Forest

Ecological succession records the recovery of plant communities after a disturbance. Design a long-t

Urbanization Impact on Biodiversity

A study evaluated the impact of urbanization on biodiversity by comparing habitat fragmentation scor

Wildfire Recovery and Nutrient Cycling

A wildfire drastically affected a forest ecosystem. Over the subsequent years, scientists monitored

Analyzing Age-Structure Diagrams in Demographic Studies

Design an experimental study to analyze how variations in birth and death rates influence age-struct

Analyzing Global Fertility Trends and Policy Implications

Consider the following table presenting Total Fertility Rates (TFR) for various world regions. Answe

Analyzing Human Population Growth Rate and Doubling Time

A demographer compares historical and current human population growth rates. In 1650, the growth rat

Assessing the Impact of a K-Selected Predator on Prey Population Dynamics

Design an experiment to investigate how a K-selected predator species affects the population dynamic

Biotic Potential: Factors and Impact

Define biotic potential and environmental resistance, and discuss how various factors interact to re

Calculating Doubling Time Using the Rule of 70

The Rule of 70 is a useful tool for estimating the doubling time of a population. Answer the followi

Carrying Capacity and Environmental Constraints

Analyze a graph showing fluctuations in population size around the carrying capacity of an environme

Climate Change and Shifts in Human Population Distribution

Analyze the relationship between climate change and human migration patterns using the provided grap

Comparing r-selected and K-selected Reproductive Strategies

Discuss the differences between r-strategists and K-strategists in terms of their reproductive strat

Comparison of r-Selected and K-Selected Species

Analyze the differences between r-selected and K-selected species using the provided table, and disc

Density-Dependent vs Density-Independent Limiting Factors

Differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent factors and apply this understanding

Evaluating Biotic Potential and Environmental Resistance

Assess the roles of biotic potential and environmental resistance in population growth. Use the prov

Experimental Analysis of r-Strategists vs. K-Strategists

A researcher is studying differences between r-strategist and K-strategist species in fluctuating en

Feedback Loops in Ecosystem Dynamics

Evaluate the role of feedback loops in maintaining or disrupting ecosystem stability.

FRQ 5: Evaluating Biotic Potential in Annual Plants Under Fertilizer Treatment

A botanist performed an experiment to assess the biotic potential of an annual plant by comparing re

FRQ 9: Simulating Predator-Prey Dynamics with Feedback Loop Errors

A researcher used a computer simulation to model predator-prey interactions in a closed ecosystem ov

FRQ 12: Assessing Urbanization Effects on Biodiversity in Field Plots

Researchers established three types of field plots in an urban environment to study the impact of ur

FRQ 13: Evaluating Deforestation Effects on Soil Nutrient Profiles

An experiment was set up to evaluate the impact of deforestation on soil nutrient levels. Researcher

FRQ 19: Comparative Analysis of Population Regulation Mechanisms in Two Ecosystems

A researcher compared population regulation in two ecosystems: a forest and a desert. The table belo

Generalists vs. Specialists: Adaptation and Survival

Discuss the differences between generalist and specialist species with emphasis on how these differe

Impact of Environmental Change on Generalists and Specialists

Analyze how climate change can differentially impact generalist and specialist species using the pro

Interpreting Age-Structure Diagrams

Examine age-structure diagrams to evaluate population stability and predict future trends.

Life History Strategies: r-Strategists vs K-Strategists

Explain the differences between r-strategists and K-strategists, and analyze how these strategies co

Limiting Factors in Ecosystem Dynamics

Discuss the concept of limiting factors in ecosystems with respect to Liebig’s law of the minimum, a

Modeling Population Growth with Mathematical Equations

Using provided data, model the growth of a population mathematically and interpret the results in an

Population Doubling Time Calculation

Use the Rule of 70 to analyze population doubling times.

Population Growth Models: J-Curves vs. S-Curves

Population growth can follow different models. Consider the two models below and answer the followin

Urbanization Effects on Carrying Capacity

Assess the impact of urbanization on ecosystem carrying capacity and propose sustainable urban plann

Analysis of Seafloor Spreading Data

A geologist examines the age of basaltic rocks at increasing distances from a mid‐ocean ridge. The t

Climate Moderation by Bodies of Water

A climatologist is investigating how large bodies of water influence the climate of adjacent land ar

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Analysis

Examine the evidence for continental drift and plate tectonics. The table provided summarizes severa

Deforestation Impact on Soil Composition Experiment

A researcher investigated the impact of deforestation on soil composition by collecting soil samples

Global Climate Change: Impact of Surface Albedo on Absorbed Solar Radiation

Surface albedo affects the amount of solar radiation absorbed by Earth. Using the equation $$Q_{abso

Global Wind Patterns and the Coriolis Effect

The Coriolis Effect plays a crucial role in determining global wind patterns. Analyze its influence

Global Wind Patterns and the Coriolis Effect

A climatologist is investigating the role of the Coriolis Effect in shaping global wind patterns.

Global Wind Patterns Smoke Tracer Experiment

A team of researchers designed an outdoor experiment using smoke tracers to model global wind patter

Human Impact on Soil Erosion and Nutrient Cycling

This question examines the impact of human agricultural practices on soil erosion and nutrient cycli

Impact of ENSO Events on Marine Fish Populations

Design an experimental study to evaluate how El Niño and La Niña events influence marine fish popula

Land and Sea Breezes Dynamics

This question investigates the mechanisms behind land and sea breezes and their environmental implic

Landslide Susceptibility and Slope Stability

A geologist is investigating factors that contribute to landslide occurrences in hilly terrains.

Monsoons and Regional Climate Variability

Monsoons drive seasonal weather changes and directly affect regional agriculture and water availabil

Ocean Upwelling and Marine Productivity

The claim under review is that enhanced upwelling invariably results in higher marine biodiversity a

Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Analysis

Examine the theory of plate tectonics and its relationship to continental drift. Refer to the attach

Plate Tectonics and Seismic Activity

A researcher investigates the relationship between plate boundary types and seismic activity. This i

Rain Shadow Effects of Mountain Ranges

A claim states that the mere presence of a mountain range guarantees a rain shadow, ensuring arid co

Seismic Activity and Fault Lines Map Evaluation

Review the provided seismic activity map and answer the following questions regarding the relationsh

Soil Composition and Plant Growth

This question addresses soil components and their roles in supporting plant growth.

Soil Erosion Graph Analysis

Analyze the provided graph depicting soil erosion rates as influenced by rainfall intensity and answ

Tornado Formation and Wind Shear

A claim has been circulated stating that tornado formation is solely dependent on the intensity of v

Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle: Feedback Mechanisms

Long-term data on atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and vegetation cover have been collected over sever

Weather Patterns and Heat Energy Transfer

An urban meteorologist is analyzing how heat energy is transferred through the atmosphere and how th

Agricultural and Green Revolutions: Balancing Productivity and Sustainability

This question requires you to compare different agricultural revolutions and analyze their impacts o

Agricultural Practices and Desertification

Examine the effects of overgrazing on soil fertility and discuss strategies to mitigate desertificat

Assessing the Environmental Impact of Intercropping in Pest Management

Design an experiment to evaluate how intercropping affects pest populations compared to monoculture,

CAFO Emissions: Ammonia Output Calculation

A concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) has 1000 animal units, each emitting 0.2 kg of ammoni

CAFOs and Nutrient Pollution

Examine the environmental effects of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) on water quality

Clear-Cutting and Bird Populations

A researcher examines the impact of clear-cutting on bird species diversity in forest ecosystems.

Clear-Cutting and Edge Effect Impact Calculation

A 10,000-hectare forest experiences clear-cutting of 20% of its area. In addition, the edge effect (

Deforestation Process Flowchart Analysis

Examine the provided flowchart that outlines the deforestation process and its resulting environment

Ecological Footprint Analysis and Global Sustainability

This question involves analyzing ecological footprints as a measure of sustainability by interpretin

Ecological Footprints and National Sustainability

The table presents data on the ecological footprint and biocapacity per person (in global hectares)

Green Revolution and GMO Yield Analysis

Evaluate the impact of the Green Revolution by comparing the performance of GMO and non-GMO crops. U

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Sustainable Agriculture

This question focuses on pest control strategies with an emphasis on sustainable practices through I

Market Incentives and Environmental Management

This question explores how market forces and private ownership can influence environmental outcomes,

Mining Methods and Their Environmental Impacts

Examine the environmental consequences of different mining techniques and the challenges associated

Mining Process Efficiency and Waste Generation

An open-pit mining operation extracts 5000 metric tons of ore with a recovery efficiency of 70%. Ans

Overfishing and Its Ecological Consequences

This question focuses on the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems, including data interpretati

Pesticide Treadmill and Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Investigate the concept of the pesticide treadmill and evaluate the potential of Integrated Pest Man

Tragedy of the Commons: Visual Analysis

Examine the provided diagram representing the Tragedy of the Commons. The diagram depicts how multip

Urban Sprawl and Traffic Emissions

In an urban sprawl area, 100,000 residents have an average commuting distance of 30 km per day per c

Urban Sprawl versus Smart Growth Schematic Comparison

Review the provided diagram that compares the features of urban sprawl with those of smart growth. I

Water Pollution from Urban Runoff

A mid-sized city has been experiencing increased flooding and water quality issues due to urban runo

Clean Coal Scrubber Efficiency Experiment

Design an experiment to test the efficiency of scrubbers in reducing the concentration of particulat

Clean Coal Technology Evaluation

The concept of "Clean Coal" involves using advanced technologies such as carbon capture and storage

Combined Heat and Power Systems (Cogeneration)

This question focuses on cogeneration systems, exploring their operational principles, energy calcul

Comparative Analysis of Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Compare renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar, and geothermal) with nonrenewable sources (su

Designing a Solar Photovoltaic System

Explore the principles behind photovoltaic energy conversion and estimate the power output of a sola

Effect of Solar Panel Angle on Energy Collection Efficiency

An experiment investigated how the angle of solar panels affects daily energy collection. The table

Energy Conversion Efficiency Analysis

This question addresses the conversion of energy from fossil fuels to electrical energy. Consider a

Energy Conversion in Biomass Combustion Experiment

A researcher investigates the energy conversion efficiency of biomass combustion using different typ

Energy Density Comparison between Coal and Biomass

Coal has an energy density of 24 MJ/kg while biomass has 18 MJ/kg. Answer the following:

Energy Efficiency in Residential Homes

This FRQ examines the impact of energy conservation measures on residential energy consumption. In a

Energy from Biomass and Environmental Impact

A study was conducted to evaluate energy production from different biomass feedstocks. The table bel

Experimental Design: Measuring Efficiency of Cogeneration Plants

Review the schematic of a cogeneration (combined heat and power) plant. Answer the following:

Fossil Fuel Market Dynamics

This question focuses on the application of economic principles to fossil fuel markets, including su

Fossil Fuel Pricing and Demand Experiment

An economic simulation experiment is conducted to study the relationship between fossil fuel pricing

Future Energy Scenarios: Integrating Diverse Energy Sources

Looking forward, the global energy landscape is expected to become increasingly diversified. Evaluat

Heat Engine Efficiency Determination

A heat engine operates between a high-temperature reservoir at 600 K and a low-temperature reservoir

Hydroelectric Dams: Energy Calculation and Ecological Impact

This question explores the energy potential of hydroelectric dams and the associated ecological trad

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Operation

Using the diagram provided, answer the following questions about hydrogen fuel cells:

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Performance

A set of experiments were conducted to assess the performance of a hydrogen fuel cell under differen

Passively-Managed Building Energy Efficiency Experiment

A passive solar heating design is implemented in a scaled building model to study its effect on indo

Technologies for Emission Control in Fossil Fuel Combustion

Advanced technologies aim to reduce pollutant emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Analyze how t

Thermal Energy Transfer and Insulation Effectiveness

This question involves calculating heat loss through a building wall and evaluating the effects of i

Thermodynamics in Fluidized-Bed Combustion Systems

Analyze the role of thermodynamics in fluidized-bed combustion systems and discuss how these systems

Wind Energy Production and Efficiency Calculation

Analyze how wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy and perform a ca

Acid Deposition and its Environmental Effects

Acid deposition, including both wet and dry forms, poses serious environmental challenges by alterin

Acid Rain and Aquatic Ecosystem Impact

A researcher examines the impacts of acid deposition on freshwater ecosystems. The provided table sh

Air Pollution and Urban Heat Islands

A study investigates the relationship between urban heat islands and air pollutant concentrations. A

Air Pollution Types and Sources Evaluation

This question asks you to evaluate the different types of air pollutants and their sources. You will

Air Sampling and Pollution Analysis

A research team conducted an experiment in two industrial areas – one dominated by a point source em

Aircraft Noise Reduction Technologies

This question explores technological advancements aimed at reducing aircraft noise and involves quan

Analysis of Air Quality Data

You have been provided with air quality data from urban and rural locations. Analyze the following d

Analysis of Ambient Ozone Using UV Triggered Reactions Experiment

A researcher measures ambient ozone formation by subjecting a mixture of nitrogen dioxide and oxygen

Analyzing Air Pollutant Types and Measurements

A city has compiled a table of air pollutants in ppm along with their classifications as primary or

Analyzing Photochemical Smog Formation

In an urban area, photochemical smog exhibits a distinct daily cycle. During early morning hours (6

Assessing Industrial Lead Emissions in a Simulated Furnace

In a laboratory simulation of industrial lead emissions, a researcher used a controlled furnace to v

Catalytic Converter Efficiency

Catalytic converters reduce harmful emissions in vehicles by catalyzing chemical reactions. Refer to

Catalytic Converter Efficiency Testing

A researcher is evaluating the efficiency of a catalytic converter by comparing the concentration of

Catalytic Converter Reactions

Catalytic converters play a crucial role in reducing harmful vehicular emissions. Explain the chemic

Catalytic Converters and Emission Control

Discuss the function of catalytic converters in reducing vehicular emissions and examine their limit

Catalytic Converters and Emission Reductions

Catalytic converters play a critical role in reducing harmful vehicle emissions. Using the informati

CO, Ozone, and Health Impacts

Discuss the health impacts of carbon monoxide and tropospheric ozone, and evaluate current measures

Comparative Study of Indoor vs. Outdoor Air Pollutants

Indoor environments often exhibit different pollutant concentrations compared to outdoors. Use the t

Comparing Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Dynamics

Indoor and outdoor air pollution have distinct sources and characteristics. Compare these two types

Conversion and Calculation of Sulfur Dioxide Concentration

An urban monitoring station recorded a concentration of $$75$$ ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the am

Detection and Impact of Gas Leaks: Carbon Monoxide Monitoring

A residential complex employed a fixed CO detection system to monitor CO levels throughout the day.

Determining the Role of Particulate Matter Sources

A study measured the contribution of various sources to suspended particulate matter (PM₁₀) in a met

Distinguishing Air Pollution Types

Air pollution encompasses various types of pollutants and sources. Using the information provided, d

Dynamics of Volatile Organic Compounds in Simulated Atmosphere Experiment

A research team investigates the behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a simulated urban

Evaluating Air Pollution Remediation Techniques

Different technological solutions are employed to reduce air pollution. Evaluate various remediation

Evaluating Impact of Non-Point Source Pollution on Ecosystem Health

A watershed study measured nitrogen oxide (NOx) deposition across sub-catchments subject to non-poin

Evaluating Particulate Matter Settling

This question involves applying Stokes’ Law to calculate the settling velocity of particulate matter

Evaluating Remediation of Indoor Air Pollutants

This question focuses on designing an experiment to assess the efficacy of a new air purification sy

Evaluation of Pollution-Control Technologies

Compare and contrast different air pollution control technologies and determine their suitability fo

Formation of Industrial Smog: Sulfur Dynamics Experiment

In this experiment, a researcher simulates the formation of industrial smog by burning a controlled

FRQ 14: Renewable Energy and Air Pollution Reduction

Discuss the environmental benefits of shifting to renewable energy sources, particularly in relation

Impact Assessment of Catalytic Converters on Vehicle Emissions

Catalytic converters can greatly reduce harmful vehicle emissions. Use the table below to analyze th

Impact of Renewable Energy Adoption on CO2 Emissions

A researcher assesses the impact of renewable energy integration on fossil fuel CO2 emissions in a r

Indoor Air Pollutants and Remediation Strategies

Indoor air quality is a major environmental concern affecting human health. Using the provided table

Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome

This question requires analysis of indoor air pollutant levels and the development of remediation st

Indoor Air Quality: Formaldehyde Concentration Analysis Experiment

In an investigation of indoor air quality, a student deploys passive formaldehyde sampling devices t

Integrated Analysis of Air Pollutant Interactions and Environmental Feedbacks

Air pollutants interact in complex ways to influence environmental systems. Develop an integrated mo

Interpreting Table Data on Particulate Matter

Environmental agencies have collected data on particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) across several cit

Investigating Indoor vs. Outdoor Air Pollutant Exposure Levels

A study compared carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in an office building and in a nearby urban out

Noise Pollution Analysis

This question examines the quantitative change in sound intensity associated with an increase in dec

Noise Pollution Assessment in Urban Areas

Noise pollution can adversely affect health and well‐being. Use the table below to analyze the noise

Outdoor vs. Indoor Air Pollutant Sources

A researcher is tasked with comparing outdoor and indoor air pollution sources. This task involves d

Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs) and Urban Air Quality

PANs are secondary pollutants that can travel far from their urban origins. Use the provided data to

Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs) Effects

Investigate the formation and environmental implications of peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs) in urban atmo

Processing Industrial Smog

Industrial smog results from a series of chemical reactions during the combustion of fossil fuels. A

Reduction Strategies for Air Pollutants

This question compares different remediation strategies to reduce particulate matter pollution by in

Risk Assessment of Carbon Monoxide Exposure

A study measures carbon monoxide (CO) levels in different environments. The table below presents the

Role of Volcanic Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Quality

Volcanic Organic Compounds (VOCs) are natural emissions that can affect air quality. Explain the pro

Testing Air Purifier Efficiency for Indoor Pollutants

An environmental engineer designed a room-scale experiment to evaluate the efficiency of a portable

Thermal Inversion Effects on Pollutant Trapping Experiment

In this study, a researcher simulates a thermal inversion by cooling the air at the bottom of a tall

Volcanic Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Air Quality

This question focuses on volcanic organic compounds (VOCs), their physical properties, and their imp

Volcanic Organic Compounds and Indoor Air Quality

Investigate the characteristics of volcanic organic compounds (VOCs) and their impact on indoor air

Anaerobic Digestion as a Waste Management Strategy

A researcher examines anaerobic digestion as an alternative method for municipal waste management. A

Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency in Organic Waste Treatment

A researcher investigated the efficiency of anaerobic digestion for decomposing organic waste from m

Assessing Flocculation Efficiency in Stormwater Runoff

A researcher simulated stormwater runoff in the laboratory to evaluate the efficiency of a chemical

Assessing the Efficiency of Water Treatment Methods

This FRQ examines the performance of water treatment methods in reducing bacterial contamination.

Assessing Thermal Pollution Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems

A thermal pollution study monitored changes in water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) over a 24

Bioaccumulation Measurement in Fish Tissue

A researcher conducted a 60-day experiment to measure the bioaccumulation of a synthetic pesticide i

Chemical Analysis of Oil Spills

Examine the environmental impacts of oil spills by analyzing data related to oil concentration and s

Comparative Analysis of Waste Treatment Methods

This question requires a comparative evaluation of different waste treatment methods used to manage

Comparative Impacts of Industrial and Agricultural Pollution

A comparative study evaluated water pollution from industrial and agricultural sources. The table be

Designing a Controlled Experiment to Test Adsorption Efficiency

A researcher aims to evaluate the efficiency of various adsorbent materials in removing heavy metals

Effects of Temperature on Dissolved Oxygen in Aquatic Ecosystems

A researcher conducts an experiment in which water temperature is gradually increased in laboratory

Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products

This FRQ explores the pathways by which endocrine disruptors, such as BPA and dioxins, enter the env

Evaluating Vegetative Buffer Zones for Nutrient Runoff Reduction

Buffer zones are often used to mitigate nutrient runoff. This question examines their effectiveness.

Examining the Effectiveness of Flocculation Sedimentation as a Water Treatment Method

A controlled laboratory experiment employs flocculation sedimentation to reduce suspended solids and

Exploring the Process of Anaerobic Digestion for Waste Treatment

This FRQ examines the biochemical process of anaerobic digestion and its application in waste treatm

FRQ10: Solid Waste Disposal and Landfill Design

Evaluate the design of a sanitary landfill based on the provided schematic diagram. Analyze its stru

FRQ18: Household Water Treatment Design

Evaluate the schematic diagram of a household water treatment system that uses adsorption, filtratio

Great Pacific Garbage Patch: Data Interpretation

Researchers are investigating the distribution of plastic debris in the North Pacific Gyre. The tabl

Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves

This question investigates the ecological importance of wetlands and mangroves, and the effects of h

Impact of Agricultural Runoff on Nutrient Levels

A researcher is studying the impact of agricultural runoff on nutrient levels in a nearby stream. Th

Impact of Cultural Eutrophication on Lake Ecosystems

A rural lake has been experiencing frequent algal blooms and fish kills, likely resulting from cultu

Impact of Mining on Water Quality

Examine how mining operations affect water quality by evaluating heavy metal concentration data and

Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Ecosystems

This FRQ examines the ecological consequences of oil spills using both data analysis and quantitativ

Impacts and Remediation Strategies for Oil Spills

Oil spills have significant environmental impacts. In this question, you will detail both the immedi

Investigating Biomagnification in a Food Chain

A researcher designed a laboratory experiment to study the biomagnification of a contaminant through

Long-term Effects of Landfill Leachate on Water Systems

A landfill in operation for 30 years has been monitored for leachate composition. A graph shows chan

Urban Runoff and Its Impact on Water Quality

A city is experiencing water quality issues due to urban runoff. Answer the following parts using th

Water Quality Testing and Pollutant Identification

This question involves interpreting water quality test results to assess contamination issues and th

Water Quality Testing: pH and Buffering Capacity

This FRQ explores the role of buffering capacity in aquatic systems and how changes in bicarbonate c

Water Treatment and Drinking Water Safety

This FRQ examines water treatment processes aimed at ensuring safe drinking water, focusing on adsor

Agricultural Methane Emissions Analysis

Agricultural practices contribute to methane (CH₄) emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. This problem

Biodiversity Loss and Habitat Destruction

Discuss how habitat destruction leads to a loss of biodiversity. Compare the vulnerabilities of plan

Climate Modeling and Predictive Equations

Examine the role of mathematical models in predicting climate change trends.

Designing an Experiment: Measuring the Rate of Ozone Repair in the Stratosphere

Ozone repair processes are critical to the balance of the stratosphere. This question requires you t

Effects of Ozone Depletion on Human Health and Ecosystems

In this question, you will investigate the biological and ecological consequences of stratospheric o

Evaluating Legal and Economic Strategies to Reduce Ozone-Depleting Substances

In an effort to protect the ozone layer, a policymaker reviews strategies such as legislation, tarif

Experimental Design for Controlling Invasive Species

A researcher aims to control the spread of water hyacinth, an invasive aquatic plant, by testing var

Experimental Design for Measuring Forest Carbon Sequestration

Forests act as significant carbon sinks. Develop an experimental design to measure the carbon seques

Experimental Design on Formation and Decomposition of Stratospheric Ozone

Ozone formation and its subsequent decomposition are dynamic processes in the stratosphere influence

Global Sea Level Rise and Its Consequences

Sea level rise is one of the measurable impacts of global climate change. This question uses simple

Greenhouse Effect and Energy Absorption

Discuss the role of greenhouse gases in trapping infrared radiation and how changes in atmospheric c

Greenhouse Gas Feedback Loops and Methane Emissions

This question investigates the concept of positive feedback in the context of methane emissions from

Investigating the Effects of Global Warming on Weather Patterns

Analyze how global temperature increases influence weather patterns, particularly storm frequency an

Ozone Formation Experiment with Incorrect UV Source

A researcher performs an experiment to simulate the formation of stratospheric ozone by exposing an

Pollinator Exclusion and Crop Yield Experiment

A researcher designs an experiment to assess the role of insect pollinators on crop yield by erectin

Population Genetics in Endangered Species

Analyze the genetic challenges faced by endangered species due to small population sizes and propose

Simulation Study: CFC Impact on Ozone Breakdown

A research team simulates the impact of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on ozone breakdown by introducing

Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis

This question examines the contributions of various sectors to greenhouse gas emissions and asks you

Stratospheric Ozone Formation and Depletion Mechanisms

This question explores the formation and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Consider the photolysis

Thermal Expansion of the Oceans

This question examines the effect of thermal expansion on sea-level rise by using a provided equatio

UV Radiation Data Analysis

Analyze the relationship between ultraviolet radiation intensity and altitude in the stratosphere an