Geography - Secondary Activities - Ch 8

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Secondary Activities

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60 Terms

1

Secondary Activities

Making or manufacturing something

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System

Inputs - process - output

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Two different outputs

Semi finished + finished

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Semi finished

Something like a wood plank that can go back through the system to make something like a table.

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Finished

A finished product is something that would go through the system again. Like a table or a book.

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Input

Worker, money, raw materials, electricity, water.

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7

Process

Measuring, cutting, welding, carving.

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Outputs

product, waste.

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9

How many manufacturing companies in Ireland?

4000

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How many are employed directly?

200,000

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How many are employed indirectly?

400,000

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How much were exports worth in 2016?

117 billion

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Factors that influence the location

Raw Materials, Market, Transport facilities, Labour force, Services, Government Policy, Personal Preference.

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Raw materials

Big + heavy, factory needs to be close to them to make transport easier + cheaper.

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Market

Near markets so they can transport products quicker + save money.

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Transport facilities

If exporting better to be near a port or airport to reduce transport costs.

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Labour force?

Factories built where here are enough workers, usually towns or cities or colleges because they want a young and smart workforce.

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Services?

Needs water, electricity, water, sewage, waste disposal, telephone broadband and WIFI. Industrial estates are attractive.

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Government policy?

Government encourages people to set up in their country. Irish government gives grants to help them set up.

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Personal preference?

Industry may just set up purely because of preference. Like how Ford located in Cork because the father of their founder, henry ford, was born there.

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IDA?

Industrial development authority, try to attract industry in Ireland.

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Corporation tax?

Ireland has an attractively low corporation tax of 12.5%. This brings in lots of industry.

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Heavy industry?

Large heavy materials + products. Iron and steel are an example.

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Light industry?

Products that are small and light, like beauty products or phones.

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Heavy Industry case study?

RUSAL, Aughinish Alumina

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Location of this heavy industry?

Aughinish Island in the Shannon Estuary near Limerick city

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Function of this heavy industry?

Produce Alumina

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What is Alumina?

A white powder used to make aluminium

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What is Alumina made of?

Bauxite

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How is Alumina made?

Bauxite is crushed and mixed with Caustic Soda and then heated.

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Where is the alumina shipped?

UK and Scandinavia

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How much Alumina do they produce a year?

1.9 tons

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How many employees in this heavy industry?

450

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When did this heavy industry start?

1983

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Reasons for this heavy industries location?

Raw materials, Market, Transport, Labour force, Aughinish Island

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Raw materials (RAA)

Bauxite is heavy, is from Guinea Africa. Ships needs deep water port. Good to let containers load and unload easily.

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Market (RAA)

Ireland is a member of the EU + it is close to European markets.

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Transport (RAA)

Deep water port means that they can transport around Europe. N69 connects limerick city to the Shannon Airport.

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Labour Force (RAA)

People can come from nearby towns. Like Foynes, Askeaton, Kildimo, Rathkeale, Newcastle west. Ireland is also english speaking.

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Auginish Island

Space to store bulky materials, raw materials, dangerous materials, finished product, and waste. It is also distant enough from the population meaning less visual + noise population.

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Inputs (RAA)

Bauxite, caustic soda, workers, electricity.

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Process (RAA)

Bauxite is crushed and then mixed with caustic soda and then heated.

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Outputs (RAA)

Alumina powder, Waste.

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Disadvantages of living near heavy industry.

Visual Pollution, Noise pollution, Water pollution, Environment pollution, Can create by products.

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Leachate

A liquid that contaminates water sources and causes harm against humans and animals.

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Footloose industry

Industries that are not tied to one place, can locate anywhere because not tied to factors like raw materials. They are usually light industries.

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Industrial estates

Sites on the edge of urban areas. Land is cheaper and there is enough space to build and expand. Also a high level of services. Lots of businesses in a close proximity.

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Industrial Inertia

When an industry does not relocate even though it may make economic sense to do so. It's normally because their name is closely linked to the area.

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MCN

Multinational Corporations. Make their products in many different countries, many branches. One HQ in one country. Buy + sell across the world because of globalisation.

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Example of Industrial estate

Sandyford industrial estate

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Industrial inertia example

Sheffield, England, Long standing reputation of steel production.

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MCN example

Nike, Google, Cadburys.

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Conflict

Conflict may arise between factory owners + inhabitants of the surrounding area because people fear the gas + smoke emission could damage their healthy + the environment.

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FDI

Foreign direct investment, When multinational companies locate their bases in other countries, including Ireland.

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Incinerator example

Incinerators built by Cavanta, in Poolbeg, Dublin.

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Incinerator

Factories that burn waste, locals always protest.

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Positives of an incinerator

-Landfills overflowing, sustainable waste management. -Provide electricity for surrounding areas. Sustainable energy source. -Jobs created, building + maintaining.

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Negatives

-Other options of waste are not being considered enough. -Fumes are poisonous + carcinogenic. -Smoke + other emissions contribute to smog, acid rain + greenhouse gases, lead to global warming.

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Carcinogenic

Something with potential to cause cancer.

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Capital

Money used to found a factory.

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