Chapter 9: Land and Water Use

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 29 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

Rodenticides

Get a hint
Hint

: A chemical that kills unwanted rodents such as mice and rats.

Get a hint
Hint

Urban runoff

Get a hint
Hint

: Occurs when cities are so covered with concrete, asphalt, buildings, and so on, that water cant infiltrate into the land and runs off instead.

Card Sorting

1/102

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

103 Terms

1
New cards

Rodenticides

: A chemical that kills unwanted rodents such as mice and rats.

2
New cards

Urban runoff

: Occurs when cities are so covered with concrete, asphalt, buildings, and so on, that water cant infiltrate into the land and runs off instead.

3
New cards

Slag

and tailings: The waste from mining that must be dealt with and can be an environmental problem if it is not.

4
New cards

Windbreaks

: Planting trees or shrubs next to crops to prevent wind erosion.

5
New cards

Furrow irrigation

: Building rows between crops and flooding those rows with water.

6
New cards

Reforestation

: Planting new trees after harvesting the adult ones.

7
New cards

freshwater

The is removed and the salt water can move into the aquifer, destroying the aquifer.

8
New cards

agriculture

No- till : Planting crops without tilling, or churning the soil, before you plant.

9
New cards

Mechanization

: Using mechanical means like tractors and farm equipment to harvest crops.

10
New cards

Overburden

: The rock and soil found above a mine that must be removed to get to the mineral resource.

11
New cards

Cons

: uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation.

12
New cards

Desertification

: When an area is so overgrazed it cant recover and the area can become a desert.

13
New cards

Pesticides

: A generic term to describe any herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, or insecticide.

14
New cards

Spray irrigation

: Using sprinkler- type devices to water crops.

15
New cards

Aquifers

: A layer of rock that is filled with water.

16
New cards

Salinization

: Salt in the soil that limits plant growth.

17
New cards

Aquaculture

: Farm raising fish, shellfish, or aquatic plants to sell.

18
New cards

Urban sprawl

: Term used to describe cities as they expand more and more into the surrounding ecosystems /habitats.

19
New cards

Infiltration

: The ability of water to move through the soil and perhaps into an aquifer.

20
New cards

Biocontrol

: A method of integrated pest management that uses predator bugs to control pest species.

21
New cards

Insecticides

: A chemical that kills unwanted insects.

22
New cards

Fungicides

: A chemical that kills unwanted fungi.

23
New cards

Ecological footprint

: The area of land (measured in hectares) that a person or society uses due to the pressures it puts on the environment.

24
New cards

Tragedy

of the commons: A shared resource that no one owns and everyone can use is overexploited and eventually unavailable to all.

25
New cards

Fertilization

: Using man- made, chemical fertilizers on crops to help them grow better.

26
New cards

Surface

mining: A type of mining where minerals are found near to the with only soil and small amounts of rock above it so it is inexpensive and relatively easy to obtain.

27
New cards

Saltwater intrusion

: Occurs when too many people living in cities close to the coastline draw on an aquifer for fresh water.

28
New cards

Herbicides

: A chemical that kills unwanted plants.

29
New cards

Rotational grazing

: Moving animals around to various pastures to allow the grass to recover from grazing.

30
New cards

Urbanization

: People moving from rural areas and into cities looking for jobs or other opportunities.

31
New cards

Contour plowing

: Planting crops with the contour of the land to prevent erosion.

32
New cards

Free range

grazing: Allowing animals to roam free and eat on grassy pastures.

33
New cards

Flood irrigation

: Flooding an entire crop with water.

34
New cards

Humans

can mitigate their impact on land and water resources through sustainable use.

35
New cards

Clear cutting

: An economically viable way of cutting down all the trees in an area of a forest for human use.

36
New cards

Drip irrigation

: Using hoses that slowly drip water onto the roots of plants.

37
New cards

Strip cropping

: Planting crops in strips with one strip having a crop with deep, extensive roots and one that doesnt.

38
New cards

Cons

: can cause disease and, if the farmed animal or plant escapes its enclosure, it could reproduce or outcompete with native species.

39
New cards

Cons

: disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways.

40
New cards

Cons

: uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation.

41
New cards

Tragedy of the commons

A shared resource that no one owns and everyone can use is overexploited and eventually unavailable to all

42
New cards

Clear-cutting

An economically viable way of cutting down all the trees in an area of a forest for human use. This leads to erosion, flooding, and increased soil and water temperatures, and it removes the carbon sink that forests provide.

43
New cards

Mechanization

Using mechanical means like tractors and farm equipment to harvest crops

44
New cards

Fertilization

Using man-made, chemical fertilizers on crops to help them grow better

45
New cards

Tilling

Turning the land over so you can plant crops, but this can lead to erosion of the soil from both water and wind

46
New cards

Slash-and-burn farming

This is an agricultural method for taking wild land such as a forest, and clearing it to grow crops. Usually this method involves slashing (cutting down) and burning the plants that were found there and planting a crop.

47
New cards

Drip irrigation

Using hoses that slowly drip water onto the roots of plants.

48
New cards

Pro

conserves water

49
New cards

Con

expensive

50
New cards

Flood irrigation

Flooding an entire crop with water.

51
New cards

Pros

cheap and quick

52
New cards

Cons

uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation

53
New cards

Furrow irrigation

Building rows between crops and flooding those rows with water.

54
New cards

Pros

cheap and quick

55
New cards

Cons

uses large quantities of water and water is lost to evaporation

56
New cards

Spray irrigation

Using sprinkler-type devices to water crops. Pro: less water lost to evaporation. Con: expensive.

57
New cards

Pro

less water lost to evaporation

58
New cards

Con

expensive

59
New cards

Waterlogging

When soil gets so flooded with water, and the water then evaporates but the salt is left behind. After many years of this, the land is so salty that most plants can’t grow.

60
New cards

Salinization

Salt in the soil that limits plant growth

61
New cards

Aquifers

A layer of rock that is filled with water

62
New cards

Pesticides

A generic term to describe any herbicide, fungicide, rodenticide, or insecticide

63
New cards

Herbicides

A chemical that kills unwanted plants

64
New cards

Fungicides

A chemical that kills unwanted fungi

65
New cards

Rodenticides

A chemical that kills unwanted rodents such as mice and rats

66
New cards

Insecticides

A chemical that kills unwanted insects

67
New cards

Concentrated animal feeding operations

Large feeding operations with many animals in a small area. Pro: increased profits. Cons: disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways.

68
New cards

Pro

increased profits

69
New cards

Cons

disease can spread so large amounts of antibiotics are used and manure and urine can run off into local waterways

70
New cards

Free-range grazing

Allowing animals to roam free and eat on grassy pastures

71
New cards

Overgrazing

When too many animals are allowed to eat in an area and the grass/plants cant recover. This often leads to desertification.

72
New cards

Desertification

When an area is so overgrazed it cant recover and the area can become a desert

73
New cards

Overfishing

Taking too many fish at one time by commercial fishing and not allowing the breeding stock to reproduce and replenish

74
New cards

Surface mining

A type of mining where minerals are found near to the surface with only soil and small amounts of rock above it so it is inexpensive and relatively easy to obtain

75
New cards

Overburden

The rock and soil found above a mine that must be removed to get to the mineral resource

76
New cards

Slag and tailings

The waste from mining that must be dealt with and can be an environmental problem if it is not

77
New cards

Subsurface mining

Digging deep into the Earth to get to the mineral resource. Pro: can get to a resource that is abundant deep within the Earth. Con: expensive and sometimes dangerous.

78
New cards

Pro

can get to a resource that is abundant deep within the Earth

79
New cards

Con

expensive and sometimes dangerous

80
New cards

Urbanization

People moving from rural areas and into cities looking for jobs or other opportunities

81
New cards

Saltwater intrusion

Occurs when too many people living in cities close to the coastline draw on an aquifer for fresh water. The freshwater is removed and the salt water can move into the aquifer, destroying the aquifer.

82
New cards

Impervious surfaces

Surfaces like concrete or asphalt that dont allow for water to infiltrate into the ground

83
New cards

Permeable surfaces

Surfaces that do allow water to seep into the ground and replenish aquifers or water plants

84
New cards

Urban sprawl

Term used to describe cities as they expand more and more into the surrounding ecosystems/habitats

85
New cards

Ecological footprint

The area of land (measured in hectares) that a person or society uses due to the pressures it puts on the environment. In other words, the amount of natural resources that it takes to support one person or one society. People living in developed nations have a greater ecological footprint than people living in developing nations.

86
New cards

Urban runoff

Occurs when cities are so covered with concrete, asphalt, buildings, and so on, that water cant infiltrate into the land and runs off instead

87
New cards

Infiltration

The ability of water to move through the soil and perhaps into an aquifer

88
New cards

Integrated pest management

The method of killing pests without using as much pesticide; for example, using predator bugs and rotating crops

89
New cards

Biocontrol

A method of integrated pest management that uses predator bugs to control pest species

90
New cards

Intercropping

A method of integrated pest management where rows of crops that repel pests are planted next to the row of crops the farmer wants to sell

91
New cards

Crop rotation

A method of rotating crops to different fields so the soil has a chance to recover and minerals are not depleted

92
New cards

Contour plowing

Planting crops with the contour of the land to prevent erosion

93
New cards

Windbreaks

Planting trees or shrubs next to crops to prevent wind erosion

94
New cards

Perennial crops

Planting crops that dont need to be replanted each year but can be harvested multiple times throughout the year

95
New cards

Terracing

Creating flat terraces on mountainsides to plant crops and prevent erosion

96
New cards

No-till agriculture

Planting crops without tilling, or churning the soil, before you plant

97
New cards

Strip cropping

Planting crops in strips with one strip having a crop with deep, extensive roots and one that doesnt. The crop with roots will hold in the soil and prevent erosion that the other crop doesn’t do.

98
New cards

Rotational grazing

Moving animals around to various pastures to allow the grass to recover from grazing

99
New cards

Aquaculture

Farm raising fish, shellfish, or aquatic plants to sell.

100
New cards

Pros

inexpensive and uses less water and energy