AP English Lang & Comp (PERIOD 6)

Adjective

Adjective

Words that describe the qualities / states or quantity of nouns

Allegory

A story, poem, or piece of art that use symbols in order to convey or let the reader interpret a hidden meaning, that is usually political or moral.

Allusion

Is an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

Analogy

A comparison between 2 things that allows a reader to see a phrase or something in a different light. It is typically argumentative.

Anaphora

Rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clause, creating emphasis

Antithesis

A contrast between two things that are the opposite of each other or oppose each other.

Aphorism

A short witty sentence that expresses a general truth or a comment

Appeal to Ignorance

Asserts that a proposition is because it has not been proven false, also known as a logical fallacy

Assonance

Repetition of vowels without repetition of consonants (as in stony and holy) used as an alternative to rhyme in verse.

Asyndeton

A sentence containing a series of words or clauses in close succession, linked without the use of conjunctions (replaces conjunctions with commas)

Chiasmus

A rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form. “Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate”

Circular Argument

A logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what theyŕe going to end with.

Clause

A group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.

Climax

The most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.

Colloquial

A manner of speaking in an ordinary or familiar way/tone; informal speech.

Concession

A point yielded to an opposing perspective during an argument or acknowledging defeat.

Confirmation

The action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed: state with assurance that a report or fact is true.

Connotation

The implied meaning behind something.

Dialect

A variety of a language which has different pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary than the standard language of the culture.

Diction

The author's or speaker's distinct vocabulary style and sentence structure: word choice.

Didactic

Intended to teach, particularly in moral instruction as an ulterior motive.

Encomium

Formal writing, speech, or literature that praises someone or something

Epiphora/Epistrophe

A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses.

Epitaph

A written phrase of words in memory of someone who died. Usually engraved on a tombstone.

Euphemism

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

Extended Metaphor

A metaphor (which is a comparison in which one subject is applied to the other but not literally) that extends over a course of multiple lines.

Fallacy

A mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument

Flashback

A scene in a movie, novel, television show, etc., that is set in a time period prior to the original time period of the main story.

Hyperbole

Obvious and intentional exaggeration. an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally / extravagant exaggeration

Invective

Highly critical and insulting speech

Irony

The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect

Jargon

A word or phrase that only a particular professional group of people understand or know.

Metaphor

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.

Onomatopoeia

The formation of a word that resembles a certain sound (e.g. pow, splash, boom)

Oxymoron

A figure of speech where two or a group of words contradict each other: (Hey! Your poem was seriously funny.)

Paradox

Self contradictory statement that results in circular reasoning. (Ex: In a rich country, there can be so much poverty).

Predicate

The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject. (What is being said about an item).

Prose

Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical (or rhyming) structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse.

Refutation

The action of proving a statement or theory to be wrong or false.

Rhetoric

Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful content.

Syllogism

Refers to when a conclusion is drawn from two prepositions that have something in common.

Subordination

"Placed in or occupying a lower rank, class, or position. Identifying an idea as less important than others. Connecting two ideas together to show one is more important."

Synecdoche

A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.

Understatement

The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

Zeugma

Figure of speech in which a word is used in two different senses.