AP World Unit 2 test - Karalus

Discussing ancient civilizations and how they correspond and connect with each other.

How long did the Classical Era of Persia last for?

500 BCE-500 CE

How and Who were the Persians related to?

1500 BCE, cousins to the Aryans

Where did they settle?

Modern Day Iran

Who was the Shah?

Kings of Persia, absolute rulers (king of all kings)

Who were the Achaemenids?

Royal family, from 558 BCE-330 BCE

Who was the founder of the Achacmenids?

Cyrus the Great

How long did Cyrus rule for?

558 BCE-530 BCE

How was Cyrus different from other rulers at that time?

More peaceful, allowed more freedom over those he conquered.

What countries did Cyrus conquer?

Lydia, Anatolia, Bactricia, Babylonia (Start of Persian Empire)

How did Cyrus die?

Killed by a widowed queen

Who ruled after Cyrus?

Darius (521-486 BCE)

How many miles did Darius conquer?

1865 mi

What was created in 520 BCE?

Persepolis, beautiful Persian capital

What were Satrapes?

Governed one district, collected taxes, made sure everyone followed the law.

What was the Royal Road?

Trading route, postal station, 1000 miles through Persia

What was the Qanat system?

Underground irrigation system

Who did they trade with?

Anatolia, India, Egypt

What were the resources Persia received?

Grain, textiles, gold, timber,

How many adherents does Zororastrism have?

190,000

Where did Zoroastrism originate?

Iran

Who is the founder and Prophet of Zoroastrism?

Zoroaster

Which Persian shah practiced Zoroastrism?

King Darius

What did Zoroaster not like about other religions?

Animal sacrifice

How was Cyrus different from other rulers at that time?

More peaceful, allowed more freedom over those he conquered.

Who is Mazda? (Z)

God of truth and justice

What concept did Zoroastrians invent?

Concept of heaven and hell

What is the Zoroastrian mantra

Good words, thoughts, deeds

Who are Magi? (Z)

Priests

What were Avestas? (Z)

Holy books

What did Zoroastrians ban?

Animal Sacrifices

What did Zoroastrians not put into fires?

Dead bodies

What did Zoroastrians do with the dead bodies

let you decompose in the sun

How were they different socially? (Z)

Much kinder, equal, only separated by good works

How long did the Persian wars last for?

500 BCE-479 BCE

Who did the Persians conquer that started the war?

Ionia (Greeks in city-state, Athens sent troops to fend off Persia)

What was decided by Darius in 490 BCE?

Persia would take over Greece

Why is the battle of Marathon special?

Greek messenger ran 26.2 miles to the next city state to tell Greeks to keep fighting

What happened at the battle of Thermopylae?

300 Greek soldiers fought the Persian army, but still lost.

Where is Confucianism still practiced?

Parts of Asia (Korea, Japan)

What is Confucianism?

Philosophy

What era did Confucianism come about?

Period of warring states (475-221 BCE)

Who is the founder of Confucianism?

Kong Fuzi

What were the Analeats (Confucianism)

Written collection of Kong Fuzi sayings

What is needed for social harmony according to Kong Fuzi?

People to know their place and to act accordingly

What were restrictions in the 5 relationships (C)?

Elders were revered, Patriarchal, hierarchy

What countries did Cyrus conquer?

Lydia, Anatolia, Bactricia, Babylonia (Start of Persian Empire)

What was Ren (C)?

Right attitude

What us Li(C) ?

Good behavior

What was Xiao (C)?

family before yourself

When did Daoism originate?

Period of warring states

Who were the founders of Daoism?

Laozi and Doodejing

Why did Laozi and Doodejing not like the Confucianism?

Didn’t think education would solve problems

What is Dao?

Way of nature does nothing yet accomplishes everything

What was the concept of Wu Wei?

to do nothing

What does Wu Wei lead to?

Less polarized views

What is Qi (Chi)?

Your soul

What must you do to keep your Qi balanced?

Practice a life of moderation

What is Yin-Yang?

Balance between good and evil

How many meridian lines were there?

14

How many meridian points?

361

What was accupuncture?

Using needles to hit pressure points (surgery w/ no anesthesia)

What was Legalism?

A Philosophy where you are punished for every infraction

What was collective responsibility?

If one person does wrong everyone gets punished

What did Shi Huang di do?

Brought legalism over to china

What was found in 1974? (Legalism)

Si Huang dis’ tomb

How did Si Huang di die?

Mercury poisoning

What was invented in 200 BCE?

Crossbow

How many people were needed to work a crossbow?

3

What was the great Wall used for?

To keep nomadic tribes out of china

When did the Han rule?

202 BCE-220 CE

Who was the first ruler of the Han?

Liu Bang

What did Sima Qian do?

Wrote about the bad things that Shi Huang di and Liu Bang did

What aspects of legalism did Han keep?

districts and strict rule

How were the districts governed?

King collected taxes and kept order

What philosophy did Han use?

Confucianism

Who set up the silk road and the first collage?

Emperor Wu Di

What did Han monopolize?

iron, salt, rice, alcohol

What was cast iron?

Iron that could easily be molded into anything

What was a seed drill?

Spaced seeds further apart for farming so they would grow better

What helped with farming?

wheelbarrow

What was a hoarse collar?

Animals could help farm with no choking

What was invented in by Han 100 CE?

Paper

What was Sericulture?

Strong silk worn by soldiers

What must women always do on Han?

Obey, listen to orders, never talk

What was a women’s role in Han?

Marry, give birth to sons

What was a Meipo?

Matchmaker

What was a dowry?

Payment the brides family paid to the husband’s family

What did Ban Zhao say about women?

Should be educated but obey their husbands

Who was the founder of Buddhism?

Sidhartha Gautama

Who and when was Sidartha born?

563 BCE to a King

What was a Kshatriya?

A warrior or leader

What was Sidartha’s destiny?

To be a wise man

How old was Sidartha when he escapes his palace?

29 years

What were the 4 signs?

old man, sick man, dead man, and ascetics

What were ascetics?

Monks that gave up their lives to find the meaning of life

What happened to Sidartha in 534 BCE?

Became an ascetic at 35

What did Sidartha do for 49 days

meditate

What was Dharma?

Order by how you should live

What was Sangha?

Sidartha’s 1st speech to first 5 followers

What were the 4 noble truths?

1. Number one thing in life is suffering

2. your wants are the cause of your suffering

3. there is an end to suffering

4. follow the 8 fold path to end suffering