Studied by 50 people
Discussing ancient civilizations and how they correspond and connect with each other.
How long did the Classical Era of Persia last for?
500 BCE-500 CE
How and Who were the Persians related to?
1500 BCE, cousins to the Aryans
Where did they settle?
Modern Day Iran
Who was the Shah?
Kings of Persia, absolute rulers (king of all kings)
Who were the Achaemenids?
Royal family, from 558 BCE-330 BCE
Who was the founder of the Achacmenids?
Cyrus the Great
How long did Cyrus rule for?
558 BCE-530 BCE
How was Cyrus different from other rulers at that time?
More peaceful, allowed more freedom over those he conquered.
What countries did Cyrus conquer?
Lydia, Anatolia, Bactricia, Babylonia (Start of Persian Empire)
How did Cyrus die?
Killed by a widowed queen
Who ruled after Cyrus?
Darius (521-486 BCE)
How many miles did Darius conquer?
1865 mi
What was created in 520 BCE?
Persepolis, beautiful Persian capital
What were Satrapes?
Governed one district, collected taxes, made sure everyone followed the law.
What was the Royal Road?
Trading route, postal station, 1000 miles through Persia
What was the Qanat system?
Underground irrigation system
Who did they trade with?
Anatolia, India, Egypt
What were the resources Persia received?
Grain, textiles, gold, timber,
How many adherents does Zororastrism have?
190,000
Where did Zoroastrism originate?
Iran
Who is the founder and Prophet of Zoroastrism?
Zoroaster
Which Persian shah practiced Zoroastrism?
King Darius
What did Zoroaster not like about other religions?
Animal sacrifice
How was Cyrus different from other rulers at that time?
More peaceful, allowed more freedom over those he conquered.
Who is Mazda? (Z)
God of truth and justice
What concept did Zoroastrians invent?
Concept of heaven and hell
What is the Zoroastrian mantra
Good words, thoughts, deeds
Who are Magi? (Z)
Priests
What were Avestas? (Z)
Holy books
What did Zoroastrians ban?
Animal Sacrifices
What did Zoroastrians not put into fires?
Dead bodies
What did Zoroastrians do with the dead bodies
let you decompose in the sun
How were they different socially? (Z)
Much kinder, equal, only separated by good works
How long did the Persian wars last for?
500 BCE-479 BCE
Who did the Persians conquer that started the war?
Ionia (Greeks in city-state, Athens sent troops to fend off Persia)
What was decided by Darius in 490 BCE?
Persia would take over Greece
Why is the battle of Marathon special?
Greek messenger ran 26.2 miles to the next city state to tell Greeks to keep fighting
What happened at the battle of Thermopylae?
300 Greek soldiers fought the Persian army, but still lost.
Where is Confucianism still practiced?
Parts of Asia (Korea, Japan)
What is Confucianism?
Philosophy
What era did Confucianism come about?
Period of warring states (475-221 BCE)
Who is the founder of Confucianism?
Kong Fuzi
What were the Analeats (Confucianism)
Written collection of Kong Fuzi sayings
What is needed for social harmony according to Kong Fuzi?
People to know their place and to act accordingly
What were restrictions in the 5 relationships (C)?
Elders were revered, Patriarchal, hierarchy
What countries did Cyrus conquer?
Lydia, Anatolia, Bactricia, Babylonia (Start of Persian Empire)
What was Ren (C)?
Right attitude
What us Li(C) ?
Good behavior
What was Xiao (C)?
family before yourself
When did Daoism originate?
Period of warring states
Who were the founders of Daoism?
Laozi and Doodejing
Why did Laozi and Doodejing not like the Confucianism?
Didn’t think education would solve problems
What is Dao?
Way of nature does nothing yet accomplishes everything
What was the concept of Wu Wei?
to do nothing
What does Wu Wei lead to?
Less polarized views
What is Qi (Chi)?
Your soul
What must you do to keep your Qi balanced?
Practice a life of moderation
What is Yin-Yang?
Balance between good and evil
How many meridian lines were there?
14
How many meridian points?
361
What was accupuncture?
Using needles to hit pressure points (surgery w/ no anesthesia)
What was Legalism?
A Philosophy where you are punished for every infraction
What was collective responsibility?
If one person does wrong everyone gets punished
What did Shi Huang di do?
Brought legalism over to china
What was found in 1974? (Legalism)
Si Huang dis’ tomb
How did Si Huang di die?
Mercury poisoning
What was invented in 200 BCE?
Crossbow
How many people were needed to work a crossbow?
3
What was the great Wall used for?
To keep nomadic tribes out of china
When did the Han rule?
202 BCE-220 CE
Who was the first ruler of the Han?
Liu Bang
What did Sima Qian do?
Wrote about the bad things that Shi Huang di and Liu Bang did
What aspects of legalism did Han keep?
districts and strict rule
How were the districts governed?
King collected taxes and kept order
What philosophy did Han use?
Confucianism
Who set up the silk road and the first collage?
Emperor Wu Di
What did Han monopolize?
iron, salt, rice, alcohol
What was cast iron?
Iron that could easily be molded into anything
What was a seed drill?
Spaced seeds further apart for farming so they would grow better
What helped with farming?
wheelbarrow
What was a hoarse collar?
Animals could help farm with no choking
What was invented in by Han 100 CE?
Paper
What was Sericulture?
Strong silk worn by soldiers
What must women always do on Han?
Obey, listen to orders, never talk
What was a women’s role in Han?
Marry, give birth to sons
What was a Meipo?
Matchmaker
What was a dowry?
Payment the brides family paid to the husband’s family
What did Ban Zhao say about women?
Should be educated but obey their husbands
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Sidhartha Gautama
Who and when was Sidartha born?
563 BCE to a King
What was a Kshatriya?
A warrior or leader
What was Sidartha’s destiny?
To be a wise man
How old was Sidartha when he escapes his palace?
29 years
What were the 4 signs?
old man, sick man, dead man, and ascetics
What were ascetics?
Monks that gave up their lives to find the meaning of life
What happened to Sidartha in 534 BCE?
Became an ascetic at 35
What did Sidartha do for 49 days
meditate
What was Dharma?
Order by how you should live
What was Sangha?
Sidartha’s 1st speech to first 5 followers
What were the 4 noble truths?
Number one thing in life is suffering
your wants are the cause of your suffering
there is an end to suffering
follow the 8 fold path to end suffering
Note
Flashcard