WORLD HISTORY SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE UNIT 5: WORLD WAR I & THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Murder of Austria-Hungary's heir that triggered WWI. Militarism Building up armed forces. Alliances Agreements to defend one another. Imperialism Expanding power through colonies. Nationalism Strong pride in one's nation. Schlieffen Plan Germany's plan to defeat France quickly. Total War Using all national resources for war. New Military Technology Machine Gun Rapid-fire weapon. Tank Armored combat vehicle. Airplane Used for scouting and attacks. Poison Gas Chemical weapon. Propaganda Information used to influence people. Lusitania British ship sunk by Germany. Treaty of Versailles Peace treaty ending WWI. League of Nations Organization created to keep peace. War Communism Government control of Russia's economy. USSR Communist state formed in 1922. Stalin Soviet dictator who expanded government control. UNIT 6: RISE OF DICTATORS & WORLD WAR II Fascist Government led by a dictator. Totalitarian Government with total control. Authoritarian Government limiting freedoms. Communist Government controls the economy. Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator of Italy. Five-Year Plan Stalin's industrial program. Adolf Hitler Leader of Nazi Germany. Nazi Party Hitler's political party. Final Solution Nazi plan to kill Europe's Jews. Hyperinflation Extreme rise in prices. Aggression and Instability Countries used force to gain land. Appeasement Giving in to avoid war. Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany and USSR agreed not to fight. Pearl Harbor Attack that brought the U.S. into WWII. Blitzkrieg Fast attack using tanks and planes. D-Day Allied invasion of Normandy. Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S. president during WWII. Winston Churchill British prime minister during WWII. Dwight Eisenhower Commander of the D-Day invasion. Manhattan Project Program that developed the atomic bomb. UNIT 7: ASIA, AFRICA, & THE MIDDLE EAST Mandate System League of Nations control over territories. Israel Jewish state created in 1948. Palestine Region claimed by Arabs and Jews. Jerusalem Holy city claimed by both sides. Golan Heights Strategic land captured from Syria. Sinai Peninsula Egyptian land occupied after war. Arab-Israeli Conflict Long struggle between Israel and Arab nations. Palestinian Refugees (Where?) Many fled to nearby Arab countries. Palestinian Refugees (Effects) Created long-term tensions. MIDDLE EAST Iran-Iraq War Eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. Persian Gulf War War to free Kuwait from Iraq. Islamic Revolution Iran became an Islamic republic. Soviets in Afghanistan Soviet invasion in 1979. Taliban Islamic group that ruled Afghanistan. The Iraq War U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Syrian Civil War War between Syria's government and rebels. Al Qaeda and September 11 Attacks Terrorist attacks on the U.S. in 2001. War in Afghanistan U.S. war against terrorism. ISIS Extremist group that seized territory. AFRICA Berlin Conference European powers divided Africa. Britain Controlled large African colonies. Belgium Ruled the Congo. Germany Held several African colonies. African Independence Freedom from colonial rule. African National Congress (ANC) Group that fought apartheid. Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) Group promoting African self-rule. Apartheid Racial segregation in South Africa. Nelson Mandela Leader who helped end apartheid. Rwandan Genocide Mass killing in Rwanda in 1994. Hutu Ethnic majority in Rwanda. Tutsi Ethnic minority targeted in the genocide

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About Mercury: Founded in 1961, Mercury Insurance is a leading provider of auto, home, renters, and business insurance, serving California and several other states. Renowned for its competitive rates and exceptional customer service, Mercury has earned multiple accolades, including recognition as one of “America’s Best Midsize Employers” by Forbes and one of “America’s Greatest Workplaces for Mental Wellbeing” by Newsweek. The company partners with independent agents and offers a range of discounts for policy bundling, safe driving, and vehicle safety features. Mercury's Core Values: We do the Right Thing – We put people first. We treat people the way we want to be treated. We Own It – We act with initiative and passion, balancing decisiveness, and attention to detail to drive results. We Seek a Better Way – We are explorers discovering new paths forward. We overcome challenges with bold and creative solutions and learn from every step. We Move Quickly – We move with Mercurian speed. We swiftly put ideas into action and rapidly adapt in a changing world. Here are some quick, fun facts about Mercury Insurance: The "Mercurian" Name Origin: The company was named after the Roman god Mercury, the swift-footed messenger of the gods. This is exactly where their core value of "Mercurian speed" comes from—meaning they take pride in moving fast, adapting quickly, and putting ideas into action smoothly. A True California Pioneer: Founded in 1961 by a man named George Joseph, Mercury started as a tiny operation in California. Today, it is one of the most dominant, leading providers of auto and home insurance in the entire state, alongside its expansion into several other states. The $1,000 Start: Legend has it that the founder, George Joseph, started the company with just six employees and about $1,000 of his own savings. He went on to lead the company for decades, becoming one of the oldest and longest-serving CEOs in corporate history before passing away recently. Double-Award Winner: They aren't just an insurance powerhouse; they are officially recognized as a top-tier place to work. They hold titles as one of "America’s Best Midsize Employers" by Forbes and one of "America’s Greatest Workplaces for Mental Wellbeing" by Newsweek. The Independent Agent Champions: While many massive carriers have shifted completely to automated, direct-to-consumer online selling, Mercury has fiercely championed the human element. They partner heavily with independent agents and brokers, believing that local, expert relationships are the best way to write smart, personal business. Here are the direct duties and responsibilities for a Commercial Auto & Fleet Underwriter broken down into simple, real-world terms: Evaluating "MVRs" (Motor Vehicle Reports): You pull and analyze the driving records of all the employees listed on the business policy. You are looking for red flags like DUIs, reckless driving, or too many speeding tickets to ensure the drivers are safe to be on the road. Analyzing Vehicle Use and Radius: You determine exactly how the vehicles are being used and where they are going. For example, a local plumber driving a pickup truck within a 15-mile radius is a much lower risk than a delivery van driving hundreds of miles a day in heavy stop-and-go city traffic. Assessing Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): You look at the size and weight of the business vehicles. A massive, heavy-duty dump truck or a semi-truck can cause significantly more damage in an accident than a standard sedan, meaning it requires higher coverage limits and precise pricing. Reviewing Fleet Loss Runs: For businesses with multiple vehicles (a fleet), you look at their multi-year claims history. You calculate the "frequency" (how often they get into accidents) versus the "severity" (how expensive the accidents are) to see if the business has a safe driving culture. Verifying Business Classification: You make sure the business is classified correctly under company guidelines. Insuring a catering van is a completely different risk level than insuring a vehicle used for emergency towing services. How to say this naturally on Monday Commercial Underwriting (Auto & Fleet): "At GEICO, my commercial focus was specifically on Commercial Auto and Fleet underwriting. On a daily basis, I was responsible for looking at driver MVRs, evaluating how far and how often these business vehicles were traveling, and analyzing their multi-year loss runs. My goal was to make sure that the premium we charged accurately matched the real-world risk of those vehicles being out on the road." What Does a Commercial Underwriter Do? In short, a commercial underwriter evaluates the risk of insuring businesses rather than individuals. They protect the insurance company's financial bottom line by deciding which businesses are safe to insure and how much those businesses should pay for their policies. Their day-to-day responsibilities include: Analyzing Business Operations: They review what a company actually does (e.g., Is it a restaurant? A construction company? A retail store?) to understand the unique safety hazards involved. Reviewing Financial Statements: They look at a business’s balance sheets, revenue, and financial health to ensure the company is stable and not a moral hazard or a bankruptcy risk. Analyzing Loss Runs (Claims History): They look at a company's past insurance claims to see if there is a pattern of frequent accidents, lawsuits, or safety issues. Pricing and Guidelines: They apply corporate and state guidelines to calculate appropriate premiums, set coverage limits, or add specific exclusions to a policy. What is a Broker: Their main job is to shop around the entire market to find the best coverage and pricing for their client's specific risk profile. Here is a quick, conversational breakdown of what they do, their responsibilities, and how they interact with you as an underwriter: Core Responsibilities of a Broker Shopping the Market: They analyze their client's needs and gather quotes from multiple different insurance carriers to compare coverages and rates. Risk Assessment & Consultation: They review a client’s assets or business operations to figure out what kind of exposures they have and advise them on how much coverage they actually need. Policy Management: They help clients fill out applications, handle policy renewals, process endorsements (changes to the policy), and sometimes help navigate the claims process if something goes wrong. Fiduciary Duty: Because they represent the client, they have a legal and ethical duty to act in the client's best interest, not the insurance company's. Why do you feel you're a great candidate for Mercury Insurance and why? "I’m a great candidate because I already understand the day-to-day rhythm of managing a profitable personal lines book and partnering with independent agents. My time at State Farm and GEICO taught me how to balance sharp attention to detail with the data-driven decisiveness needed to truly own it when making risk decisions. Because of my fast-paced background, I naturally operate with that Mercurian speed, making accurate choices without sacrificing quality. At the same time, my communication background ensures I always do the right thing by putting people first and maintaining diplomatic relationships with our agents. Ultimately, you’re getting someone who can step into this remote role on day one, align with your values, and immediately help drive results

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