H2O and Solutes Moving in Plants

H2O, O2, minerals

What necessary elements are absorbed by plants through their roots?

CO2, sunlight

What necessary elements are absorbed by plants through the leaves?

radial mscellation

cellulose microfibrils arranged radially, assist with helping open the plant stomata.

K

What mineral is most important for stomata opening and closure?

sucrose

K is abundant in stomata throughout the day and moves out at night but what else assists in the stomata opening?

Xylem

What is the main channel for transport of water and inorganic ions?

root hairs

What grows from the cortex to increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals?

apoplastic

water travel in the roots through the cell walls (fastest travel)

symplastic

water travel in the roots through plasmodesmata (through tunnels)

transcellular

water travel in the roots, from cell vacuole to vacuole (slowest travel)

casparian strip

fatty, waterproof materials (suberin and sometimes lignin); forces water to move into stele by osmosis or symplastically

soil water

Access to minerals is only located in what?

Yes

Is concentration in soil water much lower than that in plant cells?

Yes

Do minerals initially move into roots by active transport (transcellular)?

root cells, pericycle

Active transport of minerals happens twice, where are those two places?

depletes

Phosphate uptake needs energy to occur so during the night what happens to the carbohydrate (what makes energy) reserves?

hydathodes

in some small herbs, they exude droplets of water due to increased root pressure at night (caused by solute increase in root xylem)

Cohesion tension theory

negative pressures cause upwards flow in xylem, H2O forms a chain and as droplets are transpired it creates a tension that pulls H2O up xylem

bulk flow

movement of water from high pressure to low pressure in the root

directly

Does transpiration indirectly or directly cause water uptake (happening during the day)?

sucrose

What is 90% of what the phloem transports?

Phloem

What moves sucrose quickly (100 cm/hour) at the sites of stylets?

source

what produces the sugar (leaves/roots); sugar transported out

sink

What is the place called where the sugar is going to (to be used or stored)

pressure flow theory

hydrostatic pressure of H2O pushes sugars in phloem towards the sink (through active transport)

active transport

higher concentration of sucrose in sieve-element complex than in surrounding cells needs what type of transport?

bundle sheath cell, companion cell, sieve tube cell

What is the sieve element-companion cell complex made of?

Companion cytoplasm

This happens when sucrose needs to travel through the cell wall of the bundle sheath into companion cell, using H+-ATPase as the sucrose transporter