Solutions and Solutes Flashcards

Flashcards about Solutions and Solutes

Solution

A homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute and a solvent.

Solute

The substance that gets dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution; typically present in a greater amount.

Immiscible

Describes substances that will not mix together to form a homogeneous solution.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where layers form and components are not uniformly distributed.

Heterogeneous

Describes something that is different throughout; not uniform.

Colloid

A mixture that appears homogeneous but is not when viewed closely (e.g., milk).

Miscible

Describes substances that will mix together to form a homogeneous solution.

Homogeneous

Describes something that is the same throughout; uniform.

Like Dissolves Like

The principle that substances with similar intermolecular forces are more likely to dissolve in each other.

Solubility of Ionic Substances in Water

Many, but not all, ionic substances will dissolve in water because they are attracted to the water molecules.

Solubility of Non-polar Substances in Water

Many non-polar and covalent compounds do not dissolve in water because they stick better to each other than to water.

Effect of Temperature on Solubility

As temperature increases, solubility generally increases because higher temperatures cause solvent molecules to move faster, speeding up the dissolving of the solute.

Effect of Particle Size on Solubility

As particle size decreases, solubility increases because larger particles require more collisions from the solvent to dissolve.

Effect of Mixing on Solubility

Shaking or mixing a solution will increase solubility by increasing movement and collisions between solute and solvent.

Solution Concentration

The amount of substance dissolved in a specific amount of solution.

Parts Per Million (ppm)

A way to measure concentration, representing the mass of a chemical or contaminant per unit; formula is grams of solute over grams of solution, multiplied by 1,000,000.

Molarity

Another way to measure concentration, defined as moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L or M).

Effect of Solute Increase on Molarity

Increasing the amount of solute increases the molarity.

Effect of Solvent Increase on Molarity

Increasing the amount of solvent decreases the molarity.

Effect of Decreasing Solution Volume on Molarity

If the solute doesn't change and the solution volume decreases, the molarity increases.

The relationship between solution volume and molarity

An inverse relationship