APUSH Unit 2 Terms

Bacons Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon lead a indentured servant rebellion against Berkeley’s government and conducted raids against native american villages on the frontier

Corporate Colonies

operated by joint-stock companies

ex. Jamestown

Royal Colonies

under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government

ex. Virginia

Proprietary colonies

under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the kind

ex. Maryland and Pennsylvania

French Treatment of Native Americans

-married native americans to keep trade ties strong

-formed alliances

Spanish Motives

-economic

-find gold/silver

-extract resources/ cash crops

French Motives

-trade: fur and fish

Dutch in America

-economic gain through trade

-founded New Amsterdam

Spanish Treatment of Native Americans

-subject them to labor (encomienda system)

-tried to convert them

-introduced caste system

English Motives

-economic opportunities

-land

-religious freedoms

-better living conditions

Jamestown

founded in the Chesapeake Region which was founded by funding from a joint-stock company and was geared for economic profit

Indentured Servants

people who owed a debt or wanted to come to America but couldn’t afford it so they signed a contract saying the would work from someone if their trip got paid for

New England Region

-Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

-colonies created for religious motivations and search for wealth

-Protestant

Puritans

believed that the Church of England could be reformed or purified

Great Migration

when religious and political conflict in England drove settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony (where Puritans settled)

Act of Toleration

a colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus (put forth by Cavert, ruler of Maryland)

Protestant Revolt

when Protestants angered by Catholics ignited a civil war ending in the Protestants winning and repealing the Act of Toleration

Quakers

considered radical by most people - believed that religious authority was found within each person and not in the Bible nor in any outside source

Charter of Liberties

guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration provided by William Penn

House of Burgesses

first representative assembly in America dominated by elite planters guaranteeing settlers the same rights as residents of England

Mayflower Compact

a document signed on the Mayflower that pledged to make decisions by the will of the majority, early form of self-government and a rudimentary written constitution

Navigation Acts

made it so that goods from the American colonies had to go through England, if it be through colonial or english ships or if goods had to go through english ports or if goods were restricted to being sold only to England

Effects of Navigation Acts

1. tobacco became a monopoly in England

2. severely limited the development of the colonial economy

3. colonists couldn’t make their own manufactured goods

Mercantilism

the idea that a nation’s wealth is like a pie and you needed to protect your own investments and export more than you import in order to have the most money compared to other countries

salutary neglect

when england turned a blind eye with regards of enforcing regulations

New England Confederation

when four New England colonies organized for their mutual protection forming a military alliance directed by a board composed of two representatives from each colony

established important precedent for colonies taking unified action for a common purpose

King Philip’s War

When Metcom and the Wampanoag tribe got tired of the English encroaching on their land and waged war against the colonists and their Native American allies

Sir William Berkeley

a royal governor of Virginia who used dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters, antagonizing small farmers failing to protect them from Indian attacks

Headright System

an attempt from Virginia to attract Immigrants, offering 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage and to any plantation owner who paid for an immigrants passage

Slave laws

laws that ensured children of slaves would inherit the mother status - keeping slaves in slavery

subsistence farming

when people produce just enough for the family

Great Awakening

a movement of fervent expressions of religious feeling among the masses

Jonathan Edwards

leader of Great Awakening who argued God was angry with human sinfulness and individuals who deeply repented would be saved

George Whitefield

spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies stressing that God was all-powerful and saved only those who openly professed belief in Jesus Christ

Impact of Great Awakening

1. emotionalism became more common in Protestant services

2. caused splits in denominations

3. ministers lost authority over people

4. challenged the Congregationalists and Anglicans

5. call for stricter separation of church and state

6. planted idea of being able to make their own political decisions

New Light

someone who follows the idea of the Great Awakening

Old Light

People who followed the old way of preaching

The Zenger Case

when a publisher was tried on a charge of criticizing NY royal governor when he argued he was printing the truth, jury acquitted Zenger - ignoring the law

Impact of Zenger Case

encouraged newspapers to criticize government

Enlightenment

a European movement in literature and philosophy

Roger williams

Banished from Massachusetts and founded the state of Rhode Island and advocating separation of church and state in Colonial America

Pontiac’s war

An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War

Pequot’s war

an armed conflict between the Pequot Indians and English colonists that took place from 1634–1638, in the Connecticut River Vally.

Anglo-Powhatan war

three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early 17th century.

John Rolfe

first colonist to cultivate tobacco

triangular-trade

A series of triangular trade routes that carried British manufactured goods to Africa and the Colonies, Colonial products to Europe, and Slaves from Africa to the New World.

Barbados slave code

black slaves were chattel (property) and had no basic rights

stono rebellion

largest uprising of enslaved people in the colonies (1739)

Middle colonies

-New York, New Jersey, Pennsylania, and Deleware

-Quakers

-grains (bread colonies)/Ports

fundamental orders

stated the powers and limits of government in Conneticut colony (first colony constitution)

Chesapeake colonies

-joint-stock company

-Jamestown

British west indies/S. Atlantic coast

-Barbados

-Sugarcane

-slave codes