Geography Term 4

Natural Resources

Natural resources are materials and substances that occur naturally on Earth and are essential for the survival and well-being of living organisms. They can be classified into:

Categories:

1. Living Resources

   • Plants: Provide food, oxygen, and materials for shelter and clothing.

   • Animals: Offer food, companionship, and materials such as wool and leather.

2. Non-Living Resources

   • Water: Essential for drinking, cooking, bathing, and irrigation.

   • Air: Contains oxygen necessary for survival.

   • Fossil Fuels: Oil and coal are sources of energy.

   • Minerals: Have economic value and are used in various industries.

Some natural resources provide intangible benefits, such as beautiful scenery (mountains, beaches) for aesthetic pleasure and recreational opportunities, as well as quiet areas (parks, nature reserves) for respite from stress.

Importance of Natural Resources

Natural resources are crucial for several reasons:

1. Essential for Survival: They fulfill basic needs such as oxygen, water, and food.

2. Sources of Energy: Used to generate heat, electricity, and fuel for our homes and industries.

3. Raw Materials for Manufacturing: Essential for producing various products, like steel from iron, bricks from clay, and plastic from oil.

4. Employment Opportunities: Provide jobs in manufacturing and tourism sectors.

By appreciating the importance of natural resources, we are encouraged to use them wisely and sustainably to ensure their availability for future generations.

Uses and Abuses of Whales

Whales, the largest animals on Earth, play a vital role in marine ecosystems. However, they have been both used and abused by humans over time.

Good Uses of Whales in South Africa:

1. Whale Watching: A popular tourism activity that supports local economies.

2. Research and Conservation: Ongoing studies help manage and protect whale populations.

3. Education and Awareness: Promotes marine conservation through educational programs.

Bad Uses of Whales in South Africa:

1. Whaling: Historically, commercial whaling severely impacted whale populations.

2. Captivity for Entertainment: Keeping whales in poor conditions for shows is harmful.

3. Illegal Hunting and Poaching: Despite bans, illegal activities threaten whale populations.

4. Pollution and Habitat Destruction: Human-induced pollution and habitat loss disrupt whale habitats and behaviors.

Conservation efforts are critical in protecting whale populations and ensuring their survival in modern ecosystems.

Conservation and Reasons for Conservation

Conservation is the careful management and protection of natural resources, ensuring sustainable use for future generations. Reasons for conservation include:

1. Preserving Biodiversity: Protecting various species and ecosystems provides essential ecological services.

2. Maintaining Ecosystem Services: Clean air and water, fertile soil, and recreation opportunities rely on healthy ecosystems.

3. Sustaining Natural Resources: Responsible management prevents overexploitation.

4. Protecting Endangered Species: Efforts aim to restore habitats and enforce protection laws.

5. Preventing Climate Change: Conservation helps mitigate impacts by protecting carbon sinks.

6. Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Preserving natural beauty for future generations enriches cultural heritage.

By practicing conservation, we protect the environment and maintain biodiversity for present and future well-being.

iSimangaliso Wetland Park

The iSimangaliso Wetland Park in South Africa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its stunning biodiversity and natural beauty.

• Introduction: The name "iSimangaliso" means "miracle and wonder" in isiZulu.

• Biodiversity: Home to many endemic species, including various reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.

• Tourism: Attracts visitors for hiking, swimming, and observing wildlife.

• Community Involvement: Local people can collect some resources and earn income through tourism.

• Environmental Protection: Mining proposals have been rejected to protect the park's ecosystem.

The park plays a pivotal role in conservation and local economic development.

Water Availability in South Africa

South Africa faces a water crisis due to various factors:

1. Rainfall and Population Growth: Low average rainfall combined with a growing population creates a water supply and demand mismatch.

2. Uneven Distribution of Water: Some areas receive more rain while others, housing more population, struggle with water scarcity.

Efforts are made by the government to manage water resources through the establishment of water management areas and construction of new dams, though water scarcity remains a challenge requiring collective action to ensure sustainable usage.

River Health and Care of Catchment Areas

Healthy rivers are essential for humans and wildlife. The health of rivers depends on the care of their catchment areas. Practices that harm catchment areas include pollution and soil erosion.

Care Recommendations:

• Prevent Pollution: Dispose of waste and chemicals properly.

• Reduce Soil Erosion: Maintain vegetation cover.

• Protect Groundwater: Limit overuse and contamination.

• Educate Communities: Raise awareness about the importance of rivers.

By taking care of catchment areas, we help maintain river health and ensure