Results for "Technological Innovation"

Technological Innovations

Technological Innovation in Cyber Security Flashcards

• Maritime Empires: Powerful European states like Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands that expanded overseas via naval power and colonization. • Caravel: A small, fast ship developed by the Portuguese, great for long voyages and exploration. • Astrolabe: A tool used by sailors to navigate by the stars. • Magnetic Compass: A navigation tool that always points north, improving ocean travel. • Columbian Exchange: The transfer of crops, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) and the New World (Americas). • Triangular Trade: A system where Europe sent goods to Africa, Africa sent enslaved people to the Americas, and the Americas sent raw materials to Europe. • Middle Passage: The brutal, deadly journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean. • Joint-Stock Company: Businesses where investors shared profits and losses, making colonization less risky (e.g., British East India Co.). • Mercantilism: Economic system focused on building national wealth by controlling trade and colonies. • Encomienda System: Spanish labor system using Native Americans for work on plantations and in mines. • Hacienda System: Large Spanish estates that produced crops using coerced labor. • Syncretism: The blending of religions or cultures (ex: Vodun, Sikhism). • Diaspora: People leaving or being forced from their homeland and forming new communities. • Resistance Movements: Uprisings by native peoples or enslaved populations against colonial powers. Q&A: Q: What technological innovations made transoceanic travel possible? A: Caravel ships, the compass, the astrolabe, and new sailing techniques like lateen sails. Q: What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange? A: Population collapse in the Americas (due to disease), new crops in Europe (like potatoes), and new animals in the Americas (like horses). Highlights: • European empires shifted from land-based to sea-based power. • Global trade expanded. • African slave trade intensified. Conclusion: Unit 4 was all about new global connections—especially across the Atlantic and Pacific. Technology and trade built powerful empires and changed life everywhere, especially for indigenous peoples and Africans

Technological Innovations and Transoceanic Travel

Technological Innovations

Technological Innovations in Trade and Navigation (1450-1750)

Globalization and Technological Innovations from 1900 to Present

Be able to define the importance of the following terms: Causes of WWI Militarism Competition drives tension between countries Motivated to beat each other at having better navy/military Germany had a strong military, were ready to fight if conflict broke Alliances Countries had to defend each other (strength in numbers) Fragile alliance system Minor conflict escalate Imperialism Reason of increased rivalry/competition Fight over land Nationalism Competition to prove supremacy Led to ethnic conflicts Countries were confident in their abilities to win a war Kaiser Wilhelm II Ruled by divine right More ambitious/expansionist than Wilhelm I Wanted “a place in the sun” for Germany Wanted to be a part of the Great Powers of Europe “a place in the sun” 1890- dismisses Bismark Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke of Austria Assassinated by Gavrillo Princip (sent by Serbia) *Spark of WWI* Wanted to unite Slavic people in Balkans WWI Technological Innovations Mechanized Warfare - led to trench warfare Machine guns: shot many bullets at a time, helped with defense, not offense, took too many men to operate Artillery: took a lot of time to work, not useful, U-Boats: helped Germany have an advantage over Britain Poison gas: lethal if inhaled, helped Germans slow down their enemies before attacking Tanks: could go in and out of trenches, British used them as a surprise attack against the Germans Planes: made after realizing using the airspace was advantageous Western Front Trench Warfare No fast victories/failed plan (stalemate created) Gases used by Germans to suppress enemies’ ability to fight well At first, gases were a little harmful, later, Mustard Gas would be used, which caused deadly “injuries” Gas attacks hid soldiers, allowed them to get into the enemy trench Rifles/machine guns were too heavy/large for offense Dogs warned soldiers of gas, were good companions, and delivered messages You would be shot if you stuck your head out of the trench No Man’s Land Ground between the trenches of two opposing sides Where fighting occurs, most dangerous area Wilson’s 14 Points President Wilson outlined these points to create lasting peace after WWI Open diplomacy (no secret treaties/alliances) Free navigation of seas Free trade Universal reduction of arms Adjustment of colonial claims -13. Redrawing countries’ boundaries to reflect the ethnicity of the people living there (self-determination) 14. League of Nations ↓↓↓ League of Nations International peacekeeping body Aimed to prevent future wars “Big Four” Leaders of 4 countries came together in Paris to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles Britain- Lloyd George* Italy- Vittorio Emanuel Orlando France- Georges Clemenceau* U.S.- Woodrow Wilson* *The Big Three Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI - Germany had to accept harsh terms forced by the “Big Four” Rhineland was occupied/demilitarized Reparations: Germany had to pay the total cost of war War-Guilt Clause: Germany had to accept blame for the war (loss of territory/all colonies) Alsace-Lorraine → France Eastern Germany → Poland Danzig → League of Nations Second part ↓↓↓ Be able to understand the concepts of the following themes: Describe the four major causes of World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Describe some of the conditions of trench life for soldiers. Harsh conditions led to longer battles Had to stand in trenches and look out for gases that Germans would throw Gas masks would be hot+uncomfy/soldiers had to breathe shallowly so that masks would not fog up Had to carry heavy machine guns/rifles across no man’s land Had to check gas masks for tears Rifles needed to be well cleaned Feet had to be dried otherwise, they could get trench foot as they were standing in muddy and waste-filled water Would eat dinner at noon Soldiers only got to sleep at night for an hour at a time If they slept on the job, they could be sentenced to death Played cards and wrote letters to families to pass the time Explain the impact of World War I on civilians. Civilians were essential to war effort (Home-front) Civilians had to ration food, barely had any supplies Had to eat any animals they found Propaganda was used to- Make them buy war bonds Encourage women to tell their sons/husbands to enlist Ration food for the soldiers Make it easier for civilians to hate the enemy Increase agricultural production Women worked in factories/nursed soldiers Were affected by the chemicals Took up male-dominated work fields Identify the effects of the Treaty of Versailles de

02 MIDTERMS: Biotechnology, Ethics, and Space + Space Exploration and Technological Innovation

Technological Innovations During the Industrial Revolution

Transoceanic interconnections (Unit 4) : Technological Innovations from 1450 to 1750 (Chapter 1)

Whap Chapter 4.1: Technological innovation

AP World 4.1- Technological Innovations

4.1 Technological Innovations

APWH, Unit 4.1, Technological Innovations

C2B Technological Innovation in Computing

C2A Technological Innovation in Computing

C2A Technological Innovation in Computing

8.3: Technological Innovation & Labor

5.2 Technological innovation and robots