C2A Technological Innovation in Computing

Incremental Innovation

Gradual improvements to existing technologies.

Ethical Considerations

Must address privacy, security, and societal impacts.

Technical Barriers

Challenges like performance, reliability, and security.

Economic Factors

High costs of research and commercialization require investment.

Personal Computer Revolution

PCs made computing accessible in the 1970s and 1980s.

ARPANET

Precursor to the modern internet, developed in the 1960s.

World Wide Web

Introduced user-friendly access to information in 1989.

Broadband Technologies

Increased internet speed and accessibility in late 1990s.

Cloud Computing

Delivery of computing services over the internet.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Network of interconnected devices communicating over the internet.

Blockchain Technology

Decentralized ledger technology for secure transactions.

Quantum Machine Learning

Combines quantum computing with machine learning techniques.

Operating Systems

Software that manages hardware and applications.

UNIX

A multiuser operating system known for stability.

Windows

Microsoft's widely used graphical operating system.

macOS

Apple's operating system for Macintosh computers.

Programming Languages

Formal languages for writing software instructions.

FORTRAN

A high-level programming language for scientific computing.

C

A general-purpose programming language for system programming.

Python

A versatile programming language known for readability.

Open Source Movement

Collaborative software development and sharing initiative.

Linux

An open-source operating system based on UNIX.

Apache

An open-source web server software.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Machines simulating human intelligence and behavior.

Machine Learning

AI subfield focused on data-driven learning.

Natural Language Processing

AI enabling machines to understand human language.

Sensors

Devices that detect and respond to physical stimuli.

Actuators

Devices that convert electrical signals into physical action.

Cryptocurrencies

Digital currencies using blockchain for transactions.

E-Waste

Discarded electronic devices requiring proper disposal.

Algorithmic Bias

Prejudice in AI algorithms affecting fairness.

Digital Divide

Disparity in technology access across socioeconomic groups.

Disruptive Innovation

introduces groundbreaking changes that transform industries.