Unit 8 (Proficiency Masterclass)

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225 Terms
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entitled

given the right to have or do something

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virtue

behavior showing high moral standards; an advantage or good thing

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by virtue of

because of, as a result of

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conceive

to bring a thought or idea into being; imagine

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egalitarian

believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life

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abuse

to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong

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conquer

take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force

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violate

break or act against sth, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect

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enumerate

name things separately, one by one

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proclaim

announce sth publicly or officially

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rage

happen in a strong or violent way

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fashion

create sth, using the hands or the imagination

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interference

an occasion when sb tries to interfere in a situation; obstruction

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bribery

an attempt to make sb do sth for you by giving the person money, presents, or sth else that they want

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outbreak

a time when sth suddenly begins, especially a disease or sth else dangerous or unpleasant

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assembly

a group of people, especially one that meets regularly for a particular purpose, such as government, or, more generally, the process of coming together, or the state of being together

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abolition

the act of ending an activity or custom officially

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preamble

an introduction to a speech or piece of writing; sth that happens before or leads to sth else

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cuneiform

a form of writing used for over 3,000 years until the 1st century BC in the ancient countries of Western Asia

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decree

an official statement that sth must happen

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charter

a formal statement of the rights of a country's people, or of an organization or a particular social group, that is agreed by or demanded from a ruler or government

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storming

the sudden forceful attack and capture of a building or other place by troops

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provision

a statement in an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done

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scourge

sth or sb that causes great suffering or a lot of trouble

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constituional

allowed by or contained in a constitution

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smouldering

burning slowly with smoke but no flame; continuing and likely to become worse

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judicial

relating to the legal system

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eligible

having the necessary qualities or fulfilling the necessary conditions

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distinctive

easy to recognize because it is different from other things

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smuggling

the act or process of taking things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally

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magistrate

a person who acts as a judge in a law court that deals with crimes that are less serious

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blackmail

the act of getting money from people or forcing them to do sth by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them

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bail

an amount of money that a person who has been accused of a crime pays to a law court so that they can be released until their trial

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remand

to send someone accused of committing a crime away from court until their trial begins

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money laundering

the crime of moving money that has been obtained illegally through banks and other businesses to make it seem as if the money has been obtained legally

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sentence

decide and say officially what a punishment will be

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behind bars

in prison

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banned

not allowed; forbidden

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remand in custody

hold a person in custody until the time of their trial

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spate

a larger number of events than usual, especially unpleasant ones, happening at about the same time

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defendant

a person in a law case who is accused of having done sth illegal

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lodge (a claim, complaint, protest, etc.)

make an official complaint about sth

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appeal

a request made to a court of law or to sb in authority to change a previous decision

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arrest

bring into custody; to use legal authority to catch and take sb to a place where the person may be accused of a crime

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possession

ownership

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acquitted of

freed from; released from

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acquit

decide officially in a law court that sb is not guilty of a particular crime

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defraud

take or keep sth illegally from sb by deceiving the person

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curb

control or limit sth that is not wanted

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crack down on

start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way

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sway

persuade sb to believe or do one thing rather than another

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futile

useless; pointless

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remorse

a feeling of sadness and being sorry for sth you have done

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manslaughter

the crime of killing a person when the killer did not intend to do it or cannot be responsible for his or her actions

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libel

sth written or published that makes false or unfair statements that are likely to damage the reputation of a person or organization

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arson

the criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property

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shoplifting

the act of stealing goods from a shop

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reckless

careless; without caution

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computer hacking

the use of technology to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information on a computer system

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fraud

the crime of obtaining money or property by deceiving people

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tax evasion

ways of illegally paying less tax than you should

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arsonist

a criminal who illegally sets fire to property

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fraudster

someone who gets money by deceiving people

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shoplifter

someone who steals from shops

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distress

make someone feel very upset or worried

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sawn-off shotgun

a shotgun with most of the barrel cut off

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point-blank

aimed or fired directly at from a close position

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common-law wife/husband

someone who is not officially a wife or husband but is considered to be one because she or he has been living with their partner for a long time

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prosecution

the lawyers in a court case who represent the side that accuses sb of committing a crime

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premeditated

considered beforehand, deliberately planned

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compassion

a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them

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retire

leave a room or group of people and go somewhere quiet or private

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cherish

feel or show affection toward sth

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ultimately

finally; after a series of things have happened

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grim

worrying, without hope

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petty

not important, not worth giving attention to

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impose

officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received

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blackmailer

a person who threatens to tell a harmful secret about another person in order to try to force them to do sth

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hacker

a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data

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crush

press sth very hard so that it is broken or its shape is destroyed

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track sb down

find sb after a long search

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release

give freedom or free movement to sb or sth

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take over

begin to have control of sth

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confront

face, meet, or deal with a difficult situation or person

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