Self-Determination Theory
- Intrinsic motivators - doing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself
- fear of failure
- desire to do one’s best
- self-concept
- desire for knowledge
- satisfaction of meeting goals
- enjoyment of a challenge
- feeling of pride
- Extrinsic motivators - doing something to attain some separable outcome
- parental approval
- promotion at work
- grades
- peer group status
- reputation
- competition with sibling
- money
- praise
- autonomy, belonging, and competence are innate motivators
- Self-Determination Theory
- theory that explains growth motivated aspects of motivation and personality integration
- intrinsic motivation is the result of three basic innate psychological needs
- need for self-determination (autonomy)
- need for relatedness (belonging): need to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people
- need for competence
- autonomy supportive environments
- emphasize individual needs, interest, goals
- encourage choice and initiative
- provides rationales explaining
- value, utility, meaning of activities
- why rules and limits are necessary
- provide positive feedback about successes and improvements
- help individuals self-diagnose weaknesses with clear, unbiased criteria
- need for competence
- satisfaction of the need for competence is a foundation for:
- experiencing intrinsic motivation
- task choice, effort, and persistence
- how does competence feedback affect motivation?
- feedback that diminishes perceived competence undermines intrinsic motivation
- vice versa
- need for relatedness
- makes intrinsic motivation more likely
- enhances student engagement and well-being
- helps create a caring classroom climate
- variations in extrinsic motivation
- on a continuum
- slog
- external regulation
- least self-determined -- someone else is the reason we’re acting
- not that interested in the task
- compliance
- external rewards and punishments
- introjected regulation
- self-control
- internal rewards and punishment
- identified regulation and integrated regulation - more intrinsic, of personal importance