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Culture
Shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by members of a society that are not biologically inherited.
Cultural Traits
Specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language and religion.
Cultural Complex
The group of traits that define a particular culture.
Cultural Hearths
The source of civilization where ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas.
Taboos
Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture.
Folk Culture
Culture traits of usually small, traditional, homogenous, rural communities.
Globalization
The process of increased interconnectedness among countries in economics, politics, and culture.
Popular Culture
Culture traits of large, heterogeneous, urban populations.
Cultural Landscape
The combination of physical features, agricultural practices, and architectural styles in an area.
Material Culture
The art, housing, clothing, and foods created by a group of people.
Nonmaterial Culture
The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people.
Placelessness
Loss of distinct local features in favor of standardized landscapes.
Ethnicity
A group of people who share a common cultural identity.
Ethnic Enclaves
Neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic group.
Cultural Realms
Large cultural areas that include several regions sharing language families and religious traditions.
Cultural Regions
Areas characterized by a group of people sharing language families and food preferences.
Sacred Site
Areas of religious or spiritual significance, such as cathedrals and temples.
Diaspora
The scattering of Jews from their homeland by the Romans.
Indigenous Peoples
The original settlers of an area who have retained their culture.
Sequent Occupance
The combined imprint on an area from successive cultures inhabiting it.
Nationality
A group of people sharing cultural heritage and a desire for their own country.
Centripetal Forces
Forces that unite a country.
Centrifugal Forces
Forces that divide a country.
Fundamentalism
Governments run by religious leaders using religious laws.
Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture based on one's own cultural values.
Cultural Relativism
Understanding a person's beliefs based on their own culture.
Cultural Appropriation
Adopting traits or elements of another culture.
Cultural Diffusion
The spread of an idea or cultural trend from its source area to others.
Relocation Diffusion
Cultural diffusion through the movement of individuals carrying ideas to new places.
Expansion Diffusion
Cultural diffusion where an idea remains strong in its source area while spreading outward.
Contagious Diffusion
Expansion diffusion affecting nearly all individuals as it spreads.
Hierarchical Diffusion
Expansion diffusion affecting particular groups as it leapfrogs over areas.
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
"Bottom-up" diffusion starting with groups not typically looked to for expertise.
Stimulus Diffusion
Expansion diffusion where a portion of the population adopts or modifies an idea.
Cultural Convergence
Cultures becoming more alike due to increased interactions.
Cultural Divergence
The tendency for culture groups to disassociate to protect their culture from change.
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