SOC 189 - Globalization & Development Exam

What happened in Ghost of Rwanda

The Tutsi Genocide

Who was responsible for the tragedy in Ghost of Rwanda?

• Hutu extremist - obvious perpetrators

  • UN/U.S. can be argued —> did nothing to stop Hutu’s despite being more than capable

What drives Jihad?

parochial hatreds

What drives McWorld?

Universalizing Markets

What are McWorld’s imperatives?

1. The Market Imperative

2. The Resource Imperative

3. The Information-technology imperative

4. The Ecological Imperative

Examples/what is McWorld?

• McDonald

• MTV

• Macintosh

• Pressing nations into a homogenous global theme park

• Global commerce and cosmopolitan market

  *globalization occurs due to it’s 4 imperatives

What would Karl Marx’s idea of McWorld be?

Causes alienation ( lose control of work, life, and self)

What is Jihad?

2 definitions:

1. a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty

2. a crusade for a principle of belief

What are the key features of Jihad?

• Against interdependence, social cooperation and civic mutuality

• Parochial ethnicity: different religions; factious tribes

• Forges communities of blood rooted in exclusion and hatred

  • people against people, tribe against tribe

What is wrong with McWorld?

• done at cost of independence, community, and identity (which is general based on difference)

What is wrong with Jihad

• intolerance to outsiders

  • sense of community BUT excludes people who are on outside —> become consider as an enemy to their community/solidarity

  • Built upon war amongst outsiders

• Not democratic

What is the dominant source of conflict?

• Cultural

  • not primarily ideological/economic like many think

Why do civilization clash?

1. Differences among civilizations are not only real; they are basic

2. World is becoming a smaller place

   1. enhanced civilization-consciousness of people

3. The revivial of religion provides basis for identity & commitment that transcends national boundaries and unites civilizations

4. growth of civilization-consciousness enhanced by dual role of the west

5. cultural characteristics & differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised & resolved than political/ economic ones

6. Econo,ic regionalism is increasing

What levels does clash of civilizations occur at?

1. Micro-level: adjacent groups from different civilizations

   1. Ex. border disputes, local ethnic conflicts

2. Macro-level: states from different civilizations

   1. Ex. great power politics

According to Meyer, what would a newly discovered island society look like after a while?

• will become an independent nation-state

• adopt many features of modern nation states

What is Isomorphism?

phenomenon where organizations, institutions, or systems in different countries tend to become more similar to eachother, often adopting similar structures, practice, and norms

What is the microphenomenological approach?

conceptualizes the nation-state as the national cultural & interpretive systems

What is the Macrophenomenological spproach?

Seez that nation-state as culturally constructed and embedded in a world society rather than as the unanalyzed rational actor

What is Micro-realist?

approach that examine globalization by focusing on individual-level or small-scale actors (ex. individuals, households, communities), while still grounding the analysis in realist assumptions about power, interest, and structure

What is Macro-realist?

A realist approach that focuses on the large Scale structures and actors —primarily nation states, international organizations, global power dynamics — that shape the global system

What are some similarities among nation-states that are noted by Meyer?

• Governments forming

• Recognition by UN

• People organized, with familiar rights

• Standard forms of discrimination

• population classified / sort of data base developed

• development of modern education, medical, scientific, family, law institutions

How does the experience of McDonald’s customers in Hong Kong resemble customers in the west?

Appealing to young people because it is a place of socialization being cheap and fast

How does the experience of McDonald’s customers in Hong Kong differ from customers in the west?

• view it as a snack rather than a meal

• Prevalence of hot tea & hot chocolate outside coffee

• Gradual shift to American breakfast but kept hamburgers on their menu for breakfast

• Customer service: did not need to smile/ be extra nice

What is Glocalization?

Global & localization combined

What is Global value chain?

Focuses on the issues of creation, to distribution/ delivery, and then disposal 

What is industrial upgrading?

Moving workers from low value to higher value activities

What are the differences in jobs between the U.S. & China?

• different in labor force demographics, wages & work culture

  • Wages

    • China —> focused on raising min. wage

    • U.S. —> challenges relating to income incequality

What difference do the U.S. and China have regarding work culture?

• China —> collectivism, hierarchy, family-oriented

• U.S. —> prioritize professionalism & individualism

What does development mean to a developing country?

process of improvement in various aspects of life such as economic performance, social well-being, living standards, bring country closer to a developed country

What does “development” mean to a developed country like the U.S.?

economic & social progress, encompassing improvements in various aspects of life that includes; income, infrastructure, education, health, quality of life

How does economic globalization effect people’s lives in a developing country?

Increases standard of living in developing countries