CH 13 VOCAB

Unit 4

Personality

Enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Psychodynamic approaches to personality

Theories focusing on unconscious drives and early experiences

Psychoanalytic theory

Freud's theory of personality, emphasizing unconscious conflicts

Unconscious

Mental processes outside conscious awareness, influencing behavior

Id

the primitive, basic, and fully unconscious part of personality

Ego

Rational, reality-oriented part of the psyche

Superego

Moral conscience, guided by societal rules

Psychosexual Stages

Freud's stages of childhood development linked to pleasure zones

Fixations

Persistent focus on a particular psychosexual stage

Oral Stage

First psychosexual stage, centered on oral pleasure

Anal Stage

Second psychosexual stage, focused on control and order

Phallic Stage

Third psychosexual stage, focused on genital exploration

Oedipal Conflict

Child's unconscious desire for opposite-sex parent, rivalry with same-sex parent

Identification

Adopting traits of same-sex parent during development

Latency Period

Dormant period of psychosexual development after phallic stage

Genital Stage

Final psychosexual stage, focused on mature sexual relationships

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to protect from anxiety or conflict

Repression

Blocking of distressing thoughts from consciousness

Neo-Freudian psychoanalysts

Psychologists who adapted Freud's theories, like Jung and Adler

Collective Conscious

Shared, inherited memories and archetypes across humanity

Archetypes

Universal symbols or themes in the collective unconscious

Traits

Stable characteristics influencing behavior across situations

Trait Theory

Personality theory focusing on measurable traits

Social cognitive approaches to personality

Emphasizes learning, cognitive processes, and social context

Self-efficacy

Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations

Self-esteem

Overall sense of self-worth or value

Biological and evolutional approaches to personality

Focus on genetic influences and survival needs

Temperment

Inherited, stable emotional and behavioral tendencies

Humanistic approach to personality

Emphasizes personal growth, free will, and self-actualization

Self-actualization

Realizing one's full potential and creativity

Unconditional positive regard

Accepting and valuing a person without judgment

Psychological tests

Tools used to measure psychological traits or behaviors

Self-report measures

Surveys or questionnaires where individuals report on themselves

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

Aids clinicians in the assessment of mental disorders, identification of specific problem areas, and treatment planning in a variety of setting

Test standardization

Ensuring consistency in test conditions and scoring

Projective personality test

Ambiguous stimuli used to reveal unconscious thoughts

Rorschach test

Inkblot test assessing unconscious thoughts and emotions

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test using storytelling based on pictures

Behavioral assessment

Evaluating behavior through direct observation or self-report