Lab 13 Glucose Tolerance Seminar Notes

Flashcards based on key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on endocrine regulation of blood glucose, including insulin, glucagon, diabetes types, and symptoms associated with diabetes.

Insulin

A pancreatic hormone released from β cells that helps move glucose into body cells and reduces blood glucose levels.

Glucagon

A pancreatic hormone released from α cells that raises blood glucose levels by mobilizing stored sugars and producing new sugars in the liver.

Glycogenolysis

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which occurs primarily in the liver and is stimulated by glucagon.

Gluconeogenesis

The process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, also occurring in the liver, and stimulated by glucagon.

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

A test measuring blood glucose concentration at intervals after a glucose load to assess how well the body manages glucose.

Polyuria

Increased urine production due to glucose spilling into urine, resulting in osmotic diuresis.

Polydipsia

Increased thirst and drinking due to loss of water stimulating thirst centers in the brain.

Polyphagia

Increased eating caused by cells being unable to use glucose, prompting the patient to consume more proteins and lipids.

Type 1 Diabetes

A form of diabetes resulting from the autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin secretion.

Type 2 Diabetes

A common form of diabetes characterized by normal insulin levels but decreased responsiveness due to issues with insulin receptors.

Ketoacidosis

A dangerous condition caused by excessive fat metabolism when sugars cannot be used, leading to production of acidic ketones.

Insulin Shock

A dangerous condition resulting from insulin overdose, causing blood plasma glucose levels to drop dangerously low.