defining industry

• industry: the manufacturing of goods in a factory; persistence in creating value

• industry is heavily intertwined with the advancement of technology and energy

the industrial revolution

• a “series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods”

• before the industrial revolution, industry varied by area

  • homemade agricultural tools etc. were made through the cottage industry system (individuals producing goods and performing services at home for their own subsistence)

• invention was the key to the industrial revolution and its success

  • most important — steam engine (steam power)

    • created need for singular power source, led to increased productivity and improved standards of living

    • main cause of population growth in the second stage of the Demographic Transition Model

• the “industrial revolution” is a misleading name

  • it was a revolution socially, economically, and politically as well

  • gradual innovation over decades rather than a single major advance

• the first industries impacted by the industrial revolution were those surrounding the extraction and development of iron/iron tools

  • production shifted to utilizing steam engine power

• transportation canals and railways for factories → improved infrastructure

  • brought in more workers and raw materials at faster rates

  • could export finished goods to consumers more efficiently

  • greatly improved economy

• the textile industry was also significantly impacted by the industrial revolution as it made the shift from the cottage industry (textile production in the home) to a factory system (mass producing clothing)

  • chemicals were also introduced as a major means of bleaching/dyeing cloth

• the food industry also saw changes, mainly through the introduction of canned food production

fossil fuels

• low cost energy, widely accessible for manufacturing

  • developed as extremely useful for factories, food production, home comfort, and transportation/infrastructure

  • developing use for improving living conditions

• animate power was replaced by biomass fuel which was replaced by fossil fuel

  • 5/6ths of the world energy (as of 2020) is/was supplied by coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas

• fossil fuels are nonrenewable, so we need to transition to sustainable sourcing to continue operations currently powered by fossil fuels