Support and Transport in Plants

Flashcards about support and transport in plants.

What are the support tissues in plants?

Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, and Xylem.

What are the transport tissues in plants?

Xylem and Phloem.

What are the functions of root systems?

Anchoring, support, storage, absorption, transport, and reproduction.

What are the two main root systems?

Taproot system and fibrous/adventitious root system.

What is the function of the root cap?

Surrounds and protects the growing point of the root, making movement through the soil easier.

What is the function of the meristematic region in the root?

Continuously creates new cells in the root.

What happens in the region of elongation in the root?

Newly formed cells become longer in the root.

What is the function of the root hair region?

Unicellular, epidermal outgrowths (root hairs) increase the absorption area in the root.

What is the function of the mature region of the root?

Produces lateral roots that branch off, anchoring the plant more firmly and increasing the absorption surface area.

What is the epidermis in a dicot root?

Outer, protective layer of the root consisting of epidermal cells and root hairs.

What is the cortex in a dicot root?

Multiple layers of large, thin-walled parenchyma cells with large intercellular spaces and the endodermis.

What is the function of the endodermis and Casparian strips in the root?

Regulates water and mineral uptake.

What is the central cylinder of a dicot root?

Inner-most layer of the root consisting of the pericycle, xylem, and phloem.

What are the functions of stems in plants?

Transport water, starch, sugar, and mineral elements, support leaves/flowers, store nutrients, reproduce, protect, and photosynthesize.

What is a node?

A place on the stem where leaves, flowers, and side branches develop.

What is an internode?

The space between two nodes on a stem.

What is a terminal bud?

Apical meristematic tissue located on the tip of the stem, allowing for growth in length.

What are axillary buds?

Where side branches and flowers develop on the stem.

What is the epidermis of a dicot stem?

Outer, single layer of thin-walled, brick-shaped epidermal cells covered by a waterproof cuticle.

What is the cortex of a dicot stem?

Region directly under the epidermis consisting of collenchyma, parenchyma, and the endodermis.

What characterizes the central cylinder of a dicot stem?

Vascular tissue arranged into vascular bundles in a circle.

What is the pith of a dicot stem?

Consists of parenchyma cells that store and transport substances like starch and water.

What are annual rings?

The interchanging dark and light concentric rings visible in the cross section of a woody stem.

What are lenticels?

Stomata located in the cork cambium of woody plants that allow for gaseous exchange.

What is Transpiration?

The loss of water, in the form of water vapor, from the leaf surface (stomata).

What is transpiration pull?

A suction force created by the evaporation of water from the leaf surface that pulls water up through the xylem.

What leaf adaptations prevent excessive water loss?

Thick cuticle, location of stomata, leaf size, leaf organization, hairs on leaves, thorns, and sunken stomata.

What is Transpiration Rate?

The rate at which water is lost through the leaves of a plant per minute, influenced by temperature, light intensity, humidity, and wind.

What is wilting?

Occurs when more water is lost during transpiration than can be absorbed by the plant’s roots.

What is guttation?

A type of water loss where water droplets form on the edges of the lamina through specialized structures called hydathodes.

What is the role of root hairs in water absorption?

Water is mainly absorbed through them out of the ground.

What are the three routes along which water can move through the root tissue into the central cylinder?

Apoplastic, symplastic, and transmembrane routes.

What three forces are responsible for the upward movement of water in the stem?

Transpiration pull, root pressure, and capillarity.

What is the translocation of nutrients?

The movement of sucrose from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

What is different between the function of Xylem and Pholemn?

Xylem transports water and pholem transports sugars.