Behavioral Viewpoint
Behavioral Viewpoint: Behaviorism, Human Relations, and Behavioral Science
behavioral viewpoint: emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees towards achievement
developed over 3 phases:
- early behaviorism
- the human relations movement
- behavioral science
human relations movement: better human relations could increase worker productivity
- pioneered by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)
behavioral science: relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers
- includes the disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics
Historical Perspective: Quantitative Viewpoints
quantitative viewpoint: application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management
- includes:
- operations management
- evidence-based management
- applies statistics, optimization models, information models, computer simulations, and other quantitative techniques to the management process
Quantitative Viewpoint: Operations Management
- operations management: focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organizations products or services more effectively
- concerned with:
- work scheduling
- production planning
- facilities location and design
- optimum inventory levels
Quantitative Viewpoint: Evidence-Based Management
- evidence-based management: translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, and bringing rationality to the decision-making process
- research should follow the scientific method:
- observe events and gather facts
- pose a possible solution or explanation based on those facts
- make a prediction of future events
- test the prediction under systematic conditions