endocrine part 1 2 3

studied byStudied by 15 people
5.0(2)
Get a hint
Hint

Endocrine system

1 / 155

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

1 2 and 3

156 Terms

1

Endocrine system

The body’s second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones

New cards
2

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and thymus

Endocrine glands

New cards
3

Homeostasis

Maintenance of the internal environment ( balance )

New cards
4

Metabolic regulation

Storage and use of energy substrates

New cards
5

Homeostasis

Metabolic regulation

Responses to external stimuli

Control of growth, reposition and development

Roles of endocrine system

New cards
6

Hormones

Chemical substance released by a group of cells to control the function of other types of cells

New cards
7

affect only specific target cell

affect many different types of cell

types of hormones

New cards
8

hypothalamus

has both neural function and releases hormones

New cards
9

adipose cell, pocket of cell in wall of the small intestine, stomach, kidney, and heart

other tissue and organs that produce hormones

New cards
10

at distance

hormones can exert their effect______ from their site of production

New cards
11

neurohormones

specialized neurons that secrete chemical into the blood rather than synaptic cleft

New cards
12

endocrine signaling

a cell targets a distant cell through the blood stream

<p>a cell targets a distant cell through the blood stream</p>
New cards
13

paracrine signaling

cell target a nearby cell

<p>cell target a nearby cell</p>
New cards
14

autocrine signaling

cell target it self

<p>cell target it self</p>
New cards
15

multiple hormone system

play a key role in regulating almost all body function

New cards
16

blood stream

released into and carried via______ to target tissue

New cards
17

target cell

refers to a cell that contain specific receptors (binding sites) for a particular hormone

New cards
18
  1. proteins and polypeptides

  2. steroid

  3. amino acid tyrosine

what are the three general classes of hormones

New cards
19

proteins and polypeptides

secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, the pancreas `(insulin and glucagon), the parathyroid gland ( parathyroid hormone), and many others

New cards
20

steroid

secreted by the adrenal cortex ( cortisol and aldosterone ), the ovaries (estrogen and progesterone), the testes (testosterone), and the placenta (estrogen and progesterone)

New cards
21

amino acid tyrosine

secreted by the thyroid (thyroxine and triiodothyronine ) and the adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine ). there are no known polysaccharides or nucleic acid hormones

New cards
22

peptide (protein) hormones

they can disolves in water (plasma)

New cards
23

steroid hormones

secretedby gonads, adernal cortex, placenta

derived from cholesterol

usually bound to carrier proteins

New cards
24

amine hormones

derived from aminoc acid tyrosine

they include the thyroid hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine (produced by the adrenal medulla) and dopamine (produced byh the hypothalamus)

New cards
25

nonsteroid hormones

first messenger

mechanism of action:

hormones recepetors interaction (first messenger)

enzyme activation

released of the second messenger

effect on cellular function

New cards
26

steroid

pass through the cytoplasm and enter nucleus where they bind with a receptor ( lock and key model )

New cards
27

receptors

region of tissue, or a molecule in a cell membrane, which responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter, hormone, antigen, or other substance.

New cards
28

protiens

hormonal receptors are large _______

New cards
29

on the surface of cell membrane ( peptides and catecholamines)

in the cell cytoplasm ( steroid )

in the cell nucleus (thyroid hormones )

receptors location

New cards
30

the rate of secretion

the rate of its removal (metabolic clearance )

two factors control the concentration of a hormones in the blood

New cards
31

metabolic destruction by tissue

excretion by the liver into bile

excretion by the kidney into urine

hormones are cleared by

New cards
32

slow

clearance of protein-bound hormones is ________ than clearance of peptide hormones

New cards
33

negative feedback

positive feedback

blood level of hormones are controlled by feedback mechanisms

New cards
34

prostaglandins

powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissue

New cards
35

pituitary gland

it is located in the diencephalon

New cards
36

diencephalon

where is pituitary gland locatedn

New cards
37

adenohypophysis

anterior lobe

New cards
38

neurohypophysis

posterior lobe

New cards
39

glandular tissue

what is adenohypophysis made up off

New cards
40

adenohypophysis

synthesize and secrete a number of hormones

New cards
41

neurohypophysis

receive, store and release hormones from the hypothalamus

New cards
42

infundibulum

is the stalk that connects the pituitary to the brain

New cards
43

posterior pituitary

is an extension of the neural tissue

New cards
44

anterior pituitary

is a true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

New cards
45

growth hormone (GH)

prolactin (PRL)

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

luteinizing hormones (LH)

the six hormones of the anterior pituitary

New cards
46

TSH

stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone

New cards
47

ACTH

stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)

New cards
48

FSH

initiates growth of ovarian follicle each month in the ovary and stimulates one or more follicles to develop to the stage of maturity and ovulation

stimulates sperm production in the male

New cards
49

LH

acts with FSH to stimulates estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity

cause ovulation

New cards
50

GH

stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism

accelerates fat catabolism and slows glucose catabolism

New cards
51

PRL

stimulates breast development during pregnancy and secretion of milk the delivery of the baby.

New cards
52

adernal cortex

target tissue of ACTH

New cards
53

thyroid gland

target tissue of TSH

New cards
54

most tissue

target tissue of GH

New cards
55

gonads

target tissue of FSH

New cards
56

gonads

target tissue of LH

New cards
57

mammary glands and other sex accessory organ

target tissue or PRL

New cards
58

releasing and inhibiting hormones

hypothalamus neurons synthesize

New cards
59

ADH: supraoptic nuclei and Oxytocin:paraventricular

hypothalamus neruon cell bodies produced

New cards
60

vasopressin

ADH also known as

New cards
61

ADH and oxytocin

posterior pituitary homones

New cards
62

secretory vesicle and neurophysin

these hormones are synthesized in the neuron cell bodies in hypothalamus and pack in______ with _________

New cards
63

does not synthesize hormones and consists of axon terminal neurons

posterioir pituitary gland

New cards
64

hypothalamic neural tissue

the posterior lobe is a downgrowth of

New cards
65

hypothalamus (hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract )

has a neural connection with the

New cards
66

nervous signal from hypothalamus

secretions of the posterior pituitary are controlled by

New cards
67

ADH

synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons(supraoptic nucleus)

New cards
68

posterior pituitary

where is ADH stored

New cards
69

V1 and V2

what are the two types of receptors for ADH

New cards
70

vasoconstriction

v1 receptors mediate

New cards
71

kidneys

v2 receptors located in the principle cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the _____

New cards
72

principle cell

ADH binds to V2 receptors on the _______ of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

New cards
73

reducing urine output w

what is the most important function of ADH to conserve body waste by____

New cards
74

osmotic pressure

New cards
75

baroreceptor

in carotid artery and aortic arch

New cards
76

stretch receptors

in left atrium

New cards
77

ADH high

when the osmotic pressure is high

New cards
78

ADH low

when the osmotic pressure is low

New cards
79

ADH secretion low

when the blood pressure is high

New cards
80

ADH secretion high

when the blood pressure is low

New cards
81

oxytocin

is synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons (paraventricular nucleus)

New cards
82

posterior pituitary gland

where is oxytocin located

New cards
83

stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract

may initiate labor

cause glandular cell of the breast to release milk to ducts

enhande social bonding

function of oxytocin

New cards
84

hypothalamus

where is the actual production of ADH and ocytocin occurs ?

New cards
85

nervous stimulation

the secretion and release of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by ?

New cards
86

hypothalamus

controls many body functions related to homeostasis ( temperature, appetite, and thirst )

New cards
87

where is thyroid located

t the base of the neck, just below the Adam's apple

New cards
88

vascular

the thyroid is highly_____

New cards
89

metabolic rate

thyroids hormones profoundly increase the________ if the body

New cards
90

thyroid hormones

the body’s major metabolic hormones

New cards
91

thyroxine 90%

T4

New cards
92

triiodothyronine 10%

T3

New cards
93

accelerate catabolism

increase the body metabolic rate

New cards
94

calcitonin

CT

New cards
95

calcitonin

decrease the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone, which would release calcium into the blood

New cards
96

follicular cells and parafollicular cell

the thyroid tisse is made up of two type of cells

New cards
97

follicular cell

most of the thyroid tissue consist of the______

New cards
98

thyroid hormones

most of the thyroid tissue consist of the follicular cell, which secret the iodine-containing________

New cards
99

c cell

parafollicular cell is also called

New cards
100

calcitonin

the parafollicular cells secrete hormone

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (41)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (60)
studied byStudied by 139 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (56)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (106)
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (50)
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (28)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 52 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot