CIE IGCSE Physics: Kinetic Particle Model of Matter

This set of flashcards focuses on key vocabulary and concepts related to the Kinetic Particle Model of Matter from CIE IGCSE Physics.

States of Matter

The three distinct forms of matter: solids, liquids, and gases.

Solid

A state of matter with a definite shape and volume; the molecules are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions.

Liquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape; molecules are close together but can slide past each other.

Gas

A state of matter that has no definite shape or volume; the molecules are far apart and move randomly at high speeds.

Changes of State

The transformation between solid, liquid, and gas which are physical changes and reversible.

Melting

The process by which a solid turns into a liquid, e.g., ice to water.

Freezing

The process of a liquid turning into a solid, e.g., water to ice.

Boiling

The process where a liquid turns into a gas; also known as evaporation.

Condensing

The process where a gas turns into a liquid.

Brownian Motion

The random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, caused by collisions with smaller particles.

Pressure

The force exerted per unit area, calculated as p = F/A, where p is pressure, F is force, and A is area.

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, which increases with temperature.

Intermolecular Forces

The forces that mediate interaction between molecules, affecting their behavior in different states.

Collisions

Events when gas particles strike the walls of their container, contributing to pressure within the gas.

Temperature and Energy

Higher temperature increases the kinetic energy and speed of gas particles.