Plant Nutrition and Heavy Metal Remediation

Flashcards based on plant nutrition and heavy metal remediation from the lecture notes provided.

Plant Nutrition:

• Uptake of __ __

• Distribution of __ within __

• Utilization for __ and __

• __ elements

Raw materials, msaterials plant, metabolism, growth, 60.

Essential Elements{:

• Needed for plants to complete __ __

• Part of any __ essential to the plant

• Deficiency causes __.

Life cycle, molecule, symptoms

Beneficial Elements:

A, C, S, S, S

Aluminum, cobalt, sodium, selenium, silicon.

Macronutrients Deficiencies

Essential elements obtained from water and soil, including Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Nitrogen Deficiency:

__ in older leaves

Chlorosis

Potassium Deficiency:

What type of leaves does it have?

Mottled chlorotic leaves

Potassium Deficiency:

What appears on the tips of leaves?

Small spots of necrosis

Potassium Deficiency:

What leaves does it effect?

Mostly affects older leaves

Potassium Deficiency:

What curve pattern does these leaves have?

Towards underside

hi

Deficiency Symptoms

Visible signs in plants due to lack of essential nutrients, such as chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted growth.

Phytoremediation

The use of plants to extract and remove elemental pollutants or lower their bioavailability in the soil.

Indeterminate Growth

Type of growth that allows plants to continue growing as they search for nutrients.

Nitrate Mobility

Nitrates are mobile in the soil, allowing for easier uptake by plants.

Soil Fertility

The ability of soil to support plant growth, influenced by its particles, nutrients, and organic matter.

Humus

Plant material that has been broken down by soil organisms, contributing to soil fertility.

Nitrogen Cycle

The process of converting nitrogen in the atmosphere into forms usable by plants, involving microorganisms.

Cadmium

A toxic heavy metal that affects physiological processes in plants and reduces agricultural productivity.

Avoidance Mechanism

Strategies plants use to limit uptake of heavy metals and restrict movement into plant tissues.

Tolerance Mechanism

The ability of plants to cope with the toxicity of accumulated metal ions.

Phytostabilization

A strategy where plants reduce heavy metal bioavailability in the soil to prevent dispersal.

Phytoextraction

The process by which plants accumulate contaminants in their harvestable biomass.

Phytovolatilization

Plants absorb heavy metals, convert them to less toxic forms, and release them into the atmosphere.

Phytofiltration

Using plant roots to absorb heavy metals from groundwater and contaminated water.

Copper (Cu)

A micronutrient essential for plant health, used in various enzymatic processes.

Iron (Fe)

A micronutrient essential for chlorophyll synthesis and energy transfer in plants.

Manganese (Mn)

A micronutrient involved in photosynthesis and responsible for redox reactions.

Zinc (Zn)

A micronutrient important for DNA synthesis and hormonal functions in plants.

Sulfur (S)

An essential macronutrient involved in amino acid synthesis and cellular respiration.

Potassium (K)

A macronutrient that plays a key role in water regulation and enzyme activation in plants.

Calcium (Ca)

A macronutrient important for cell wall stability and signaling in response to stress.

Phosphorus (P)

A macronutrient vital for energy transfer and photosynthesis in plants.

Magnesium (Mg)

A macronutrient that serves as a central atom in chlorophyll and aids in enzyme function.

Deficiency Response

Symptoms indicating a specific nutrient deficiency, such as leaf chlorosis or necrosis.

Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals

Heavy metals like cadmium and mercury pose threats to plant physiology and human health.

Detoxification Mechanisms

Plant strategies to mitigate the effects of toxic heavy metal accumulation.

Soil pH and Mineral Uptake

The acidity level of soil can influence the availability and uptake of minerals by plants.

Herbivore Defense

Some plants, like horsetails, accumulate silicon to make them indigestible to herbivores.

Alfalfa and Cobalt

Alfalfa plants accumulate cobalt which benefits nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules.