Social Justice II Multiple Choice Section

Booker T. Washington

Born into slavery; most influencial African American voice from 1895-1915; delivered the “Atlanta Compromise” speech (1895)

W.E.B. Du Bois

First African American to earn a PhD from Harvard (1895); NAACP (1909)

Marcus Garvey

Founder of the philosophy of Garveyism, a Black Nationalist and Black Separatist philosophy; Rev. Earl Little (Malcolm X’s Father) advocated Garvey’s philosophy and was killed doing so

Malcolm X

Lead spokesperson for the NOI for 12 years. Changed name from Malcolm Little to reject “Little” as a so-called slave name

MLK Jr.

Earned a PhD in theology from BU(1955); wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Howard Thurman

MLK was influenced by Ghandi’s violent non-violent resistence to injustice through Howard Thurman at BU

Lyndon B Johnson

Assumed the presidency after the assassination of JFK. Said the best way to honor the fallen president was to pass his civil rights bill.

Rosa Parks

NAACP activist arrested in Montgomery in December 1955 at age 42 for refusing to give up her bus seat. Led to Montgomery Bus boycott

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. An American interracial civil rights organization that fought for racial intergration. Formed largely in response to the 1908 Springfield Race riot

NOI

Nation of Islam. A Black nationalist, Black separatist, and Black supremacist organization. Not in favor of racial intergration

1619

The first recorded arrival and sale of African slaves to British North American colonists, in Jamestown Virginia

1863

Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln declared that all the African Americans enslaved in Confederate states are now legally free.

August 1963

Dr. King delivers “I have a dream” at the March on Washington

November 1963

President JFK is assassinated in Dallas, Texas

“Letter from Birmingham Jail”

Famously written by MLK after being arrested for peacefully protesting racial segregation

“We Shall Overcome”

Unofficial anthem of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and the 1960s; performed by Joan Baez at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

“Atlanta Compromise”

Booker T. Washington spoke

Dred Scott vs Sandford

Held that African Americans were not, and could never be, U.S. citizens

Plessy vs Ferguson

Upheld “seperate but equal” racial segregation as constitutional

Brown vs Board of Education(1954)

Ruled that segregating children in public schools on the basis of race in not constitutional

13th Amendment

Abolishes Slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime

14th Amendment

Grants birthright citizenship; guarantees due process and equal protection

Precolonial Slavery

Based primarily upon social factors such as debt, prisoners of war, and criminal punishment (NOT race).

Atlanta Compromise

African Americans would not focus on racial integration and higher education if they were provided with economic opportunity

Black nationalism

Being for the creation of a national Black consciousness and political identity

Black Seperatism

Being for the creation of a literally independent Black nation, physically seperate from White people

Black Supremacy

The belief that being Black people are inherently superior to other races

Malcolm X reasons for name change

1. To reject “Little” as a slave name

2. JFK remark that led to 90 day silencing(“The Chicken home to roost")

3. Split with NOI

Max Weber’s classification of authority

Traditional authority, Charismatic authority, and Legal-Rational authority

Ideology

A set of shared beliefs and ideas about how society and government should be organized

Who defines the nations as “imagined communities”?

Benedict Anderson

Civic Nationalism

National identity based on shared political values, laws, and citizenship rather than ethnicity or religon

“The glue” of civic Nationalism

Shared civic values, laws and commitment to the state

“The glue” to Ethnonationalism

Shared ethnicity, race, culture or ancestry

“The glue” to Class Nationalism

Shared social class and economic interests

“The glue” to Religous Nationalism

Shared religous beliefs and identity

Who does NOT share full membership in White Ethnonationalism

People who arent white

Who does NOT share full mambership in Christian Nationalism?

Non-Christians

What kind of Nationalist best describes Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Civic Nationalist

What kind of Nationalist best describes Hitler

Ethnonationalist