Fulgencio Batista
dictator of Cuba from 1934-1959
Fidel Castro
successfully overthrew Batista in 1959; became Communist dictator in Cuba
Bay of Pigs Incident
In 1961, President Kennedy promised aerial support to Cuban freedom fighters
Sandinistas
Communist revolutionaries of Nicaragua
Juan Peron
overthrew the government of Argentina and established tyrannical rule
Isabel Peron
1st woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere
Salvador Allende
communist president of Chile
Augusto Pinochet
replaced Allende and brought free market economy to Chile
Balfour Declaration
supported a national Jewish homeland in Palestine
Zionists
advocates of a Jewish national state
1948
founding of the modern nation of Israel
Six-Day War (1967)
Israel preemptively attacked and defeated surrounding Arabic nations
Yom Kippur War (1973-1974)
Egypt and Syria invaded Israel’s territory but they were defeated
OPEC
formed to control supply and price of oil
Camp David Accords
peace treaty between Israel and Egypt negotiated by President Jimmy Carter; first Arabic/Jewish treaty in history
PLO
sought to establish a Palestinian state in Israel through force and terror
Yasser Arafat
leader of the PLO
Iran
Pro-American government under The Shah
Saddam Hussein
became dictator in 1979
Mahatma
Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
advocated civil disobedience against the British in a movement for independence
Ghana
the 1st black African nation south of the Saharah to gain independence
Kwame Nkrumah
Prime Minster and eventual dictator of Ghana
The Congo
Belgium’s largest African colony
Patrice Lumumba
pro-communist premier
Joseph mobutu
became dictator of the Congo; it was renamed Zaire in 1971
Nigeria
leader of the black African nations
Haile Selassie I
last of the original monarchs of Ethiopia
Apartheid
policy of racial segregation
Viet Cong
communist soldiers from North Vietnam who invaded the South (1957) and eventually the rest of Indochina
Ho Chi Minh Trail
a main North Vietnamese invasion route and supply trail
1965
1st American combat troops were sent to South Vietnam
Tet Offensive
large-scale Northern Vietnamese attack against 30 South Vietnamese cities and several US military installations
Republic of Congo
What was Congo called when freed
South Africa
Where did Apartheid take place
Ho Chi Minh
Who led Viet Cong
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
What did the American congress pass to allow America to join the conflict in Vietnam in 1965
William C. Westmoreland
Who led the American troops in South Vietnam
1975
What year did South Vietnam surrender
Ho Chi Minh City
What was Saigon renamed to
Edward Teller
developed the hydrogen bomb in 1952
Detente
French word that means a lessening or decrease of hostility between nations
Henry Kissinger
worked to include Communist China in the United nations (1971)
Leonid Brezhnev
became dictator of the S.U. in 1964
Helsinki Accords
allowed the Soviet Union more access to technology and weapons from the West
Alexandr Solzhenitsyn
warned the West to not be too trusting of the Soviet Union’s decreased hostility
Sputnik 1
1st manmade satellite
Yuri Gagarin
1st man in space
Apollo 11
mission of the 1st moon landing
Nuclear blackmail
What did people around the world opposed that was used by the Soviet Union
Nuclear freeze
What movement was promoted in America
1969
What year was the first moon landing
Margaret Thatcher
conservative leader that became England’s 1st female Prime Minister (1979)
Ronald Reagan
became president of America in 1981
Falklands War
England and Argentina fought for control of the Falkland Islands;
Reagan Doctrine
an offensive policy to stop communism before it attacked a nation; applied in Nicaragua and Grenada
Chernobyl
nuclear plant in Russia that had a reactor meltdown in 1986; still uninhabitable today
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
system of space-age weaponry designed to destroy enemy missiles in flight
Solidarity Movement
freedom movement in Poland that was brutally crushed
Mikhail Gorbachev
New leader of the Soviet Union (1985)
England
Who won the Falklands War