Cells and Organelles

*Cell (Plasma) Membrane

This organelle surrounds both plant and animal cells and controls/monitors what goes into and out of the cell.

*Nucleus

This organelle contains the DNA (genetic instructions) and controls all cell activities and functions. It's the command center or Boss of the cell

*Nucleolus

This cell structure is found at the center of the Nucleus and it's job/function is to create Ribosomes.

*Mitochondria

Using a process called Cellular Respiration, this organelle breaks down glucose to create a type of energy called ATP. This ATP energy is used to power all cell and life functions.

*Lysosome

This organelle uses specialized proteins called enzymes to breakdown cellular waste and recycle old or unneeded cell parts

*Large Central Vacuole

This organelle stores water, nutrients and waste, while providing strength and support to plant cells

*Ribosomes

These tiny organelles are created in the Nucleolus and their function/job is to create proteins by putting Amino Acids together

*Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

This organelle has Ribosomes embedded in its' membrane. Its" function is to keep the new proteins safe and and transport PROTEINS to other organelles

*Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

This organelle does NOT have Ribosomes embedded in it's membrane. It has two functions- 1.) make healthy fats 2.) filter and remove toxins.

*Golgi apparatus

This organelle receives proteins and lipids, checks them over, changes/modifies them , packages them and sends them where they are needed.

*Cell wall

This organelle is a thick, rigid layer that is the outer layer of a plant cell. It is made of cellulose and provides protection, strength and structure for plant cells.

*Chloroplast

This organelle is the food producer for the plant cell. It uses the energy of the sun to make glucose through a process called Photosynthesis.

*Cytosol

The liquid part of the cytoplasm. This jelly-like liquid fills the cell and allows for movement within the cell.

*Cytoskeleton

This solid part of cytoplasm is made of protein. These structures are located throughout the cell and provide structure, strength and allow for movement.

*Transport Vesicle

a temporary structure that buds from the membranes of organelles, allowing materials and molecules to travel throughout the cell. It’s like and uber/taxi to transport materials

Centrioles (Centrosomes)

A tiny organelle found only in animal cells that plays an important role in cell division and building the Cytoskeleton

DNA

The genetic code found within the Nucleus. deoxyribonucleic Acid contains the instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

Protein

Molecules built from building blocks called amino acids. This essential nutrient does most of the work within cells and is responsible for the structure, function, and regulation of the body cells, tissues and organs.

Plant cells

Eukaryotic Cells that have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplast.

Animal cells

Eukaryotic cells that have no central vacuole, no cell wall and no chloroplast.

Organelle

The membrane bound structures or "little organs" within a cell that work together to carry out the characteristics of life for each cell

Lipids (healthy fats)

Molecules built from building blocks called glycerol and fatty acids. This essential nutrient stores energy, provides protection and insulation to your cells and organs.

Enzymes

Specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions. (The lysosome uses them to help break down waste)

Endosymbiotic Theory

explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms/cells

Prokaryote

A primitive cell type that lacks membrane-bound organelles. All Prokaryotes are single-cell organisms

Eukaryote

A type of cell that makes up complex Organisms. They have a nucleus and membrane-bound Organelles.