3.7-3.9 APUSH

What year were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

1781

What was the primary fear that influenced the Articles of Confederation?

Fear of centralized power after breaking from Britain.

What type of Congress was established under the Articles of Confederation?

A unicameral Congress with 1 vote per state.

What was a major limitation of the national government under the Articles?

There was no executive branch to enforce laws.

How many states were needed to pass laws under the Articles of Confederation?

9 out of 13 states.

What significant achievement recognized American independence?

The Treaty of Paris (1783).

What was the purpose of the Land Ordinance of 1785?

To establish a land survey and sale system.

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 accomplish?

It set a process for statehood and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.

What was one weakness of the Articles of Confederation regarding taxation?

The national government could not tax and was dependent on states.

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787).

What was the outcome of the Annapolis Convention in 1786?

It led to a call for a larger meeting in Philadelphia.

Who presided over the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

George Washington.

What was the Virginia Plan's proposal regarding representation?

Representation based on population.

What compromise established a bicameral legislature?

The Great Compromise (Connecticut).

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

It counted 3/5 of enslaved people for representation and taxation.

What was the purpose of the Electoral College?

To indirectly elect the president.

What principle prevents the concentration of power in the government?

Checks and balances through separation of powers.

What was required for the Constitution to be ratified?

Approval from 9 out of 13 states.

Who were the key leaders supporting the Federalist cause?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

What did Anti-Federalists demand to protect individual liberties?

A Bill of Rights.

What year was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

1791

What was a significant outcome of the debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

The ratification of the Constitution and the addition of the Bill of Rights.