Lesson 1

• Charter : A constitution

• Satellite Nations : Nations politically and economically dominated or controlled by another more powerful country

• Iron Curtain : The political and military barrier that isolates Soviet-controlled countries of Eastern Europe after World War II

• The Cold War : It lasted from 1946 - 1990. After World War ll, the U.S and the Soviet Union became hostile, leading to an era of confrontation and competition.

• Causes of the Cold War : Political war between U.S and Soviet Union, utilized proxy wars.

• Yalta Conference : A meeting between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin. Yalta - was a soviet resort on the Black Sea. The conference was held to plan the postwar world.

• Declaration of Liberated Europe : FDR, Churchill, and Stalin issued this giving people the right to choose their form of government.

• Division of Berlin : Divided Germany and Berlin into four zones. Great Britain, France, U.S, and Soviet Union get their own zone.

• Potsdam Conference : July 1945, Truman, Churchill, and Stalin met at Potsdam near Berlin to work out a deal regarding Germany. Truman was against the heavy reparations put on Germany. He felt that the reparations would not allow German industry to recover.

• The agreements in Potsdam : The Soviets could take reparations from their zone in

  Germany and a small amount of German industrial equipment from other zones.

  Truman told Stalin that we successfully tested an atomic bomb, leading Stalin to think it was a threat to get him to agree to the deal.

Lesson 2

• Containment : The policy or process of preventing the expansion of hostile power.

• Limit war : A war fought with limited commitment of resources to achieve a limited objective, such as containing communism.

• The Truman Doctrine : On March 12, 1947, Truman went before Congress to request $400 million to fight Soviet aggression in Greece and Turkey. The doctrine’s purpose was to stabilize the Greek government and ease Soviet demands in Turkey.I t became the U.S.’s pledge to stop communism in the world.

• The Marshall Plan : European Recovery Program aka Marshall plan. The plan was to give European nations American aid to rebuild. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos but the Soviet Union and its satellites nations rejected the offer and developed their own program.

• The Berlin Airlift : In June 1948, Soviet troops stopped all road and rail traffic to West Berlin. The Soviets were hoping to force America to renegotiate Germany’s status and to give up Berlin but Truman sends long- range bombers with atomic weapons to bases in Britain. Truman then orders the Berlin Airlift- For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal. Stalin finally lifted the blockade on May 12, 1949.

• NATO : North Atlantic Treaty Organization aka NATO. NATO is a military alliance with Western Europe. NATO was created with initially The members agreed to come to the aid of any member who was attacked.

• Warsaw Pact : The Soviet leaders responded with the organization of a

  military alliance in Eastern Europe known as the Warsaw Pact.

• The Korean War : At the end of WWII, American and Soviet troops entered Korea to disarm Japanese troops stationed there. The Allies divided Korea at the 38th parallel. The Soviets controlled the north and set up a Communist government. The Americans controlled the south with an American backed government.

• Douglas MacArthur : demanded approval to expand the war against China. Truman refused MacArthur’s demands. MacArthur openly criticized Truman. In return, Truman fires MacArthur.

Lesson 3

• Subversion : A systematic attempt to overthrow a government by using persons working secretly from within.

• Loyalty Review Program : A policy established by president Truman that authorized the screening of all federal employees to determine their loyalty to the U.S government.

• Perjury : Lying when one has sworn under oath to tell the truth.

• Censure : To express formal disapproval of an action.

• Fallout : Radioactive particles dispersed by a nuclear explosion.

• Joseph McCarthy : McCarthy won the Senate race after accusing his opponent of being a Communist. He accused Democratic Party leaders of corruption and protecting Communists.

• McCarthyism : Senator McCarthy became the chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations. His investigation turned into a witch hunt as he searched for disloyalty based on poor evidence and fear. This ruined the reputation of many people.

• Alger Hiss : The most prominent among them was lawyer and diplomat Alger Hiss. Hiss had served in FDR’s administration, attended the Yalta Conference, and helped organize the UN. Hiss denied the charges of being a former communist and a spy but was convicted of perjury.

• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg : They were a New York couple who were members of the Communist party and were charged with heading a soviet spy ring. They were executed in June 1953.

• Loyalty oaths : Members of government universities, unions etc, were forced to take oaths and if they refused the were fired or remove.

• HUAC : House of Un-American Activities Committee aka HUAC. Formed in 1938 to investigate subversive activities in the U.S. J. Edgar Hoover (FBI director) went to HUAC to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist subversion.

• Blacklists : People from Hollywood or in the film industry who were communist were blacklists or not agree not to hire, anyone who was believe to be a communist or who refuse to cooperate with the committee.

• The Race Arms : Race arms between soviet and U.S to stock up bombs and guns.

• Hydrogen bomb : Americans were shocked that the soviets successfully the more powerful hydrogen bomb or H-bomb. A year later tested its own hydrogen bomb.

Lesson 4

• Massive Retaliation : A policy of threatening a massive response, including the use of nuclear weapons, against Communist state trying to seize a peaceful state by force.

• Brinkmanship : The practice of pushing a dangerous situation to limit the force an opponent to back down.

• Covert : Not openly shown or engaged in; secret

• Developing nation : A nation whose economy is primarily agricultural

• Military-industrial complex : An informal relationship that some people believe exist between the military and the defense industry to promote greater military spending and influence government policy.

• Massive Retaliation :Massive retaliation was used to threaten the use of nuclear weapons on any Communist state that tried to gain territory through force.

• Dwight D. Eisenhower : Republican candidate = Dwight D. Eisenhower, he was the general who organized the D-Day invasion. Eisenhower felt that in order to win the Cold War, the United States needed a strong military and a strong economy.

• Covert Operations : Hidden operation conducted by the CIA

• Nikita Khrushchev :Joseph Stalin dies and he is replaced by Nikita Khrushchev.

• Francis Gary Powers : He was a american spy plane pilot