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Three Parts of Measurement
unit (mass, length, volume, etc), magnitude (4.27 ft, 3 g), and uncertainty (4.5 or 4.6?)
Significant Figures
include all numbers in a measurement that are known for certain plus one that is uncertain
Multiplication and Division Rounding
The product or quotient should have the same number of significant figures as the number with the fewest significant figures in the original problem.
Addition and Subtraction Rounding
The answer should have the same number of decimal places as the least precise number (fewest number of decimal places) in the original problem
Science Rounding Rules
If the digit to be dropped is:
Greater than 5 →round one up
Less than 5 → do not change
Equal to 5 (remainder must be exactly five) → If previous digit is even, do not change it. If previous digit is odd, round it up to make it even
Accuracy
refers to the closeness of a measurement to a true or accepted value.
Precision
refers to the reproducibility of a series of measurements: how close they are to each other.
Observed Value
the value you obtain from doing an experiment; the experimental or measured value
True Value
the actual or theoretical value found in the literature as the accepted or standard value
% Error Formula
= observed value - true value x 100
true value
Absolute Error
Numerator of the % Error equation (OV - TV); may be positive or negative
meter (m)
SI unit for length
kilogram (k)
SI unit for mass
seconds (s)
SI Unit for time
Kelvin (K)
SI Unit for temperature
mole (mol)
SI Unit for amount of substance
ampere (A)
SI Unit for electric current
candela (cd)
SI Unit of luminous intensity
square meter (m²)
SI derived unit for area
cubic meter (m³)
SI derived unit for volume
meter per second (m/s)
SI derived unit for velocity
meter per second squared (m/s²)
SI derived unit for acceleration
gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)
SI derived unit for density
joule (J)
SI derived unit for energy
pascal (Pa)
SI derived unit for pressure