Chapter 5 Development - Ap Psych

Zygote P.175

Conception to 2 weeks, fertilised egg before it implants to uterine wall

Embryo P.175

3 to 9 weeks, developing human organism – forming organs

Fetus P.175

9 to 37 weeks, distinct human features on developing organism

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) P.175

Physical and brain abnormalities in infants caused by heavy drinking

Habituation P.175

Babies gain familiarity with surroundings and decrease response to stimulation

Maturation P.177

Biological growth processes influenced by experience, leading to behaviour change

Cognition P.179

Mental activities with thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

Schema P.181

“Folder“ based on life experience that interpret information

Assimilation P.181

Adding new experience/information to an existing folder/schema

Accommodation P.181

Making a new folder/schema to incorporate new information

Sensorimotor stage P.181

Paiget’s theory – 0 to 2 years: experiences world through senses (touch, sight, hearing)

Object permanence P.181

Awareness that something exists when not seen

Pre-operational stage P.183

Paiget’s theory – 2 to 7 years: experiences world through words and images using intuitive (not logical) reasoning

Conservation P.183

Paiget – benchmark for concrete operational: changing shape of matter doesn’t change quantity

Egocentrism P.183

Paiget – pre-operational: difficulty taking another POV

Theory of mind P.185

Ideas about own and others thoughts: ability to see someone else’s perspective (develops 4 to 5 years old)

Concrete operational stage P.185

Paiget – 7 to 11 years: logical thinking about concrete events, analogies, and math operations

Formal operational stage P.185

Paiget – 12 to adult: abstract reasoning (without needing visual/concrete)

Autism P.187

Communication and social disorder appearing in childhood

Stranger anxiety P.189

8 mo – fear of strangers that infants display

Attachment P.189

Emotional tie with another person, forming at 12 months in children, seeking closeness and distress at separation

Critical period P.189

Optimal time after birth to experience stimuli to form proper attachment and development

Imprinting P.189

For certain animals (not humans) the process of attachment during the critical period

Basic trust P.191

Erik Erikson linked secure attachment to having a sense that the world is predictable and reliable

Self-concept P.195

Understanding and evaluation of who we are

Adolescence P.196

Transition years changing from a child to an adult

Puberty P.196

Period of sexual maturation

Primary sex characteristics P.196

Changes to the body for reproduction

Secondary six characteristics P.196

Non-reproductive changes to the body

Menarche P.196

First menstrual period