Midterm Review

all the history we learned thus far

1618-1648

when was the thirty years’ war fought?

germany

fill in the blank

the thirty years war was mostly fought in ___________

• catholics

• protestants

two answer fill in the blank

the thirty years’ war was fought between the ___________ (holy roman empire) vs. the _____________ of europe

bohemia

fill in the blank

early fighting of the thirty years’ war was against protestants in ___________

ferdinand II

king of bohemia who led catholic forces

christian IV (of denmark) and gustavus adolphus (of sweden)

aided the protestants

(there’s two of them)

peace of westphalia

peace treaty that ended the war in 1648; did not change anything from before the war

huguenots

french calvinist protestants; by the 1500s, half of the french nobility were protestants

french calvinist protestants

what is another definition for “huguenots”?

nobility

fill in the blank

by the 1500s, half of the french _________ were protestants

synod

an assembly of religious representatives

synod

attempted to earn religious freedom for the huguenots

francis I and henry II

brought persecution to the protestants

de medicis

powerful ruling family in france

1. francis II

2. charles IX

3. henry III

who were catherine de medicis’ three sons that ruled as kings?

henry of navarre and gaspard de coligny

led protestants in their fight vs. the catholics

guise family

leaders of the catholic forces in france

edict of january

catherine’s attempt at peace with the protestants (1562); this was temporary

1562

when was the edict of january?

st. bartholomew’s day massacre

the murder of 100,000 protestants through france

100,000

how many protestants were murdered in the st. bartholomew’s day massacre?

henry IV (of navarre)

became king in 1589; first protestant king of France

protestant

fill in the blank

henry VI became the first ___________ king of france

edict of nantes

allowed for more religious freedoms to the french huguenots

marie de medicis

wife of henry IV

louis XIII

fill in the blank

marie de medicis “ruled” france for her son ________ ____

cardinal richelieu

advisor who aided marie de medicis in her rule

henry VIII

strongly opposed the reformation

defender of the faith

fill in the blank

the pope gave henry VIII the title “_________ ___ _____ ________” (stil used today)

• catherine of aragon

• english reformation

two answer fill in the blank

when the pope refused to grant henry VIII’s divorce from ___________ ___ __________ he removed england from the catholic church; this started the ____________ ______________

act of supremacy

attempted to stop the reformation by declaring henry the head of the church of england

church of england

fill in the blank

the act of supremacy attempted to stop the reformation by declaring henry the head of the _______ ___ __________

1. catherine of aragon

2. anne boleyn

who were henry VIII’s first two wives?

son

fill in the blank

catherine and henry’s second wife anne boleyn did not give him a ____

jane seymour

henry’s third wife; gave birth to edward VI

jane seymour

who gave birth (but died) to edward VI?

edward VI

became the king when he was 9 years old

9

fill in the blank

edward became the king when he was ___ years old

1. thomas cranmer

2. nicholas ridley

3. hugh latimer

protestant leaders who advised edward’s rule

mary tudor

henry VIII’s oldest daughter who became queen after edward

bloody mary

what is mary tudor’s nickname?

mary tudor

catholic ruler who persecuted the protestant leaders

• philip II

• 1558

two answer fill in the blank

mary married ________ ___ of spain who brought the inquisition to england; she passed away without an heir in _______

good queen bess

what is elizabeth I’s nickname?

elizabeth I

henry VIII and anne boleyn’s daughter; became queen after mary’s death

elizabeth I

strong, good, and kind ruler

elizabethan settlement

fill in the blank

queen elizabeth allowed freedom to worship with the ____________ ____________

anglican church

church of england

• puritans

• separatists

two answer fill in the blank

_________ (purify the church) and _____________ (separate from the church all together) were dissatisfied with her choices

mary stuart

became the infant queen of scotland in 1542

mary stuart

cousin of elizabeth

francis II

fill in the blank

mary, queen of scots was engaged to __________ ___ of france

john knox

led the protestants in scotland

• protestants

• elizabeth

two answer fill in the blank

mary stuart attacked the ___________ and plotted to overthrow ____________

knox

fill in the blank

_______ reported to elizabeth who sent soldiers to get mary

1567

fill in the blank

mary abdicated scotland’s throne in ______

james VI

mary stuart’s son; became king of scotland after she was abdicated

scotland

defended by elizabeth’s troops from spanish invasion

francis drake

“sea dog” employed by elizabeth; first englishman to circumnavigate the globe

• elizabeth

• beheaded

two answer fill in the blank

mary attempted to overthrow ____________ while in england; she was ___________ for her crimes

invincible armada

spanish fleet led by philip to invade england in 1588; a storm and excellent strategy by the english navy defeated them

1588

when did the invincible armada invade england?

william shakespeare

greatest writer in history; wrote many famous plays including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Julius Caesar

charles V

ruled spain and the holy roman empire from 1516-1556

charles V

supported the inquisition; spain became the most powerful european nation

spain

fill in the blank

charles V supported the inquisition; ________ became the most powerful european nation

philip II

son of charles V

philip II

fanatical support of the church led to his failed invasion of England (1588 )

king john III

brought the inquisition into portugal in 1536; resulting violence broke the nation and they fell to Spain in 1580

• portugal

• 1580

two answer fill in the blank

king john III brought the inquisition into ___________ in 1536; resulting violence broke the nation and they fell to spain in ______

the netherlands

which country lies below sea level?

holland and belgium

which two countries make up the netherlands?

dikes

damlike barriers of earth and stone built to keep water out

the low countries

what is the netherlands known as?

dutch

fill in the blank

the people who live in the netherlands are _______

spain

fill in the blank

the netherlands was controlled by ________ during the early 1500s

philip II

fill in the blank

the reformation gave the netherlands the desire to fight for freedom from __________ ___

council of blood

a spanish ruling council that led the inquisition against the protestant in the

netherlands

duke of alva

led spanish troops in the netherlands

william the silent

dutch nobleman who led the fight for freedom during the mid. 1500s

united provinces

fill in the blank

william the silent helped found the _________ ___________ of the netherlands

1581

when did the netherlands claim their independence from spain?

claimed

fill in the blank

in 1581, the netherlands ________ their independence from spain

1584

when did william the silent die?

william the silent

known as the “father of dutch liberties”

1648

when did the dutch gain their independence?

martin luther

attempted to mediate the social/political problems between peasants and nobles

Christianity

fill in the blank

____________ must not be thought of as a revolutionary political movement

peasants’ revolt

the peasants ignored Luther’s advice and revolted against the nobles

nobles

fill in the blank

the _______ crushed the rebellion (peasants’ revolt)

augsburg confession

first Protestant confession of faith

augsburg confession

statement of beliefs presented by the lutherans to emperor charles V

charles V

fill in the blank

the augsburg confession was presented by the lutherans to emperor ________ __

philipp melanchthon

who wrote the augsburg confession?

peace of augsburg

compromise formed between the Protestants and Catholics; established “state” churches in germany (1555)

1555

when was the peace of augsburg formed?

counter reformation

the Catholic church’s attempt to destroy the reformation in europe

inquisition

a Catholic “court” that would find, try, and punish heretics

jesuits

founded by ignatius loyola in 1540; the “right arm” of the Inquisition (most devout in finding heretics and spreading Romanism)

ignatius loyola

who founded the jesuits?