Midterm Review

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all the history we learned thus far

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746 Terms

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1618-1648

when was the thirty years’ war fought?

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germany

fill in the blank

the thirty years war was mostly fought in ___________

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  • catholics

  • protestants

two answer fill in the blank

the thirty years’ war was fought between the ___________ (holy roman empire) vs. the _____________ of europe

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bohemia

fill in the blank

early fighting of the thirty years’ war was against protestants in ___________

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ferdinand II

king of bohemia who led catholic forces

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christian IV (of denmark) and gustavus adolphus (of sweden)

aided the protestants

(there’s two of them)

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peace of westphalia

peace treaty that ended the war in 1648; did not change anything from before the war

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huguenots

french calvinist protestants; by the 1500s, half of the french nobility were protestants

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french calvinist protestants

what is another definition for “huguenots”?

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nobility

fill in the blank

by the 1500s, half of the french _________ were protestants

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synod

an assembly of religious representatives

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synod

attempted to earn religious freedom for the huguenots

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francis I and henry II

brought persecution to the protestants

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de medicis

powerful ruling family in france

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  1. francis II

  2. charles IX

  3. henry III

who were catherine de medicis’ three sons that ruled as kings?

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henry of navarre and gaspard de coligny

led protestants in their fight vs. the catholics

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guise family

leaders of the catholic forces in france

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edict of january

catherine’s attempt at peace with the protestants (1562); this was temporary

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1562

when was the edict of january?

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st. bartholomew’s day massacre

the murder of 100,000 protestants through france

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100,000

how many protestants were murdered in the st. bartholomew’s day massacre?

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henry IV (of navarre)

became king in 1589; first protestant king of France

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protestant

fill in the blank

henry VI became the first ___________ king of france

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edict of nantes

allowed for more religious freedoms to the french huguenots

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marie de medicis

wife of henry IV

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louis XIII

fill in the blank

marie de medicis “ruled” france for her son ________ ____

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cardinal richelieu

advisor who aided marie de medicis in her rule

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henry VIII

strongly opposed the reformation

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defender of the faith

fill in the blank

the pope gave henry VIII the title “_________ ___ _____ ________” (stil used today)

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  • catherine of aragon

  • english reformation

two answer fill in the blank

when the pope refused to grant henry VIII’s divorce from ___________ ___ __________ he removed england from the catholic church; this started the ____________ ______________

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act of supremacy

attempted to stop the reformation by declaring henry the head of the church of england

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church of england

fill in the blank

the act of supremacy attempted to stop the reformation by declaring henry the head of the _______ ___ __________

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  1. catherine of aragon

  2. anne boleyn

who were henry VIII’s first two wives?

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son

fill in the blank

catherine and henry’s second wife anne boleyn did not give him a ____

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jane seymour

henry’s third wife; gave birth to edward VI

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jane seymour

who gave birth (but died) to edward VI?

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edward VI

became the king when he was 9 years old

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9

fill in the blank

edward became the king when he was ___ years old

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  1. thomas cranmer

  2. nicholas ridley

  3. hugh latimer

protestant leaders who advised edward’s rule

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mary tudor

henry VIII’s oldest daughter who became queen after edward

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bloody mary

what is mary tudor’s nickname?

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mary tudor

catholic ruler who persecuted the protestant leaders

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  • philip II

  • 1558

two answer fill in the blank

mary married ________ ___ of spain who brought the inquisition to england; she passed away without an heir in _______

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good queen bess

what is elizabeth I’s nickname?

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elizabeth I

henry VIII and anne boleyn’s daughter; became queen after mary’s death

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elizabeth I

strong, good, and kind ruler

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elizabethan settlement

fill in the blank

queen elizabeth allowed freedom to worship with the ____________ ____________

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anglican church

church of england

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  • puritans

  • separatists

two answer fill in the blank

_________ (purify the church) and _____________ (separate from the church all together) were dissatisfied with her choices

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mary stuart

became the infant queen of scotland in 1542

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mary stuart

cousin of elizabeth

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francis II

fill in the blank

mary, queen of scots was engaged to __________ ___ of france

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john knox

led the protestants in scotland

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  • protestants

  • elizabeth

two answer fill in the blank

mary stuart attacked the ___________ and plotted to overthrow ____________

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knox

fill in the blank

_______ reported to elizabeth who sent soldiers to get mary

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1567

fill in the blank

mary abdicated scotland’s throne in ______

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james VI

mary stuart’s son; became king of scotland after she was abdicated

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scotland

defended by elizabeth’s troops from spanish invasion

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francis drake

“sea dog” employed by elizabeth; first englishman to circumnavigate the globe

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  • elizabeth

  • beheaded

two answer fill in the blank

mary attempted to overthrow ____________ while in england; she was ___________ for her crimes

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invincible armada

spanish fleet led by philip to invade england in 1588; a storm and excellent strategy by the english navy defeated them

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1588

when did the invincible armada invade england?

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william shakespeare

greatest writer in history; wrote many famous plays including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Julius Caesar

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charles V

ruled spain and the holy roman empire from 1516-1556

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charles V

supported the inquisition; spain became the most powerful european nation

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spain

fill in the blank

charles V supported the inquisition; ________ became the most powerful european nation

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philip II

son of charles V

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philip II

fanatical support of the church led to his failed invasion of England (1588 )

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king john III

brought the inquisition into portugal in 1536; resulting violence broke the nation and they fell to Spain in 1580

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  • portugal

  • 1580

two answer fill in the blank

king john III brought the inquisition into ___________ in 1536; resulting violence broke the nation and they fell to spain in ______

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the netherlands

which country lies below sea level?

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holland and belgium

which two countries make up the netherlands?

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dikes

damlike barriers of earth and stone built to keep water out

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the low countries

what is the netherlands known as?

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dutch

fill in the blank

the people who live in the netherlands are _______

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spain

fill in the blank

the netherlands was controlled by ________ during the early 1500s

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philip II

fill in the blank

the reformation gave the netherlands the desire to fight for freedom from __________ ___

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council of blood

a spanish ruling council that led the inquisition against the protestant in the

netherlands

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duke of alva

led spanish troops in the netherlands

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william the silent

dutch nobleman who led the fight for freedom during the mid. 1500s

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united provinces

fill in the blank

william the silent helped found the _________ ___________ of the netherlands

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1581

when did the netherlands claim their independence from spain?

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claimed

fill in the blank

in 1581, the netherlands ________ their independence from spain

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1584

when did william the silent die?

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william the silent

known as the “father of dutch liberties”

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1648

when did the dutch gain their independence?

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martin luther

attempted to mediate the social/political problems between peasants and nobles

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Christianity

fill in the blank

____________ must not be thought of as a revolutionary political movement

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peasants’ revolt

the peasants ignored Luther’s advice and revolted against the nobles

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nobles

fill in the blank

the _______ crushed the rebellion (peasants’ revolt)

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augsburg confession

first Protestant confession of faith

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augsburg confession

statement of beliefs presented by the lutherans to emperor charles V

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charles V

fill in the blank

the augsburg confession was presented by the lutherans to emperor ________ __

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philipp melanchthon

who wrote the augsburg confession?

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peace of augsburg

compromise formed between the Protestants and Catholics; established “state” churches in germany (1555)

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1555

when was the peace of augsburg formed?

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counter reformation

the Catholic church’s attempt to destroy the reformation in europe

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inquisition

a Catholic “court” that would find, try, and punish heretics

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jesuits

founded by ignatius loyola in 1540; the “right arm” of the Inquisition (most devout in finding heretics and spreading Romanism)

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ignatius loyola

who founded the jesuits?