10.2: Oxidative Phosphorylation

products from 1 glucose

• Glycolysis - 2 ATP, 2 NADH

• Oxidation of 2 pyruvate - 2 NADH

• Citric Acid with 2 Acetyl CoA = 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2

• electron transport chain = 32 ATP

• Total = 36 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH

oxidative phosphorylation

synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi, using energy generated by the oxidation reactions during electron transport.

2 components

electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

electron transport chain

Protein complexes and other molecules transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen making H2O pumping protons across mitochondrial membrane. Energy released is used to make ATP from ADP and Pi

importance of inner membrane for electron transport chain

Houses the protein complexes that facilitates chain and proton pump which used to create ATP as relies on a proton gradient between hydrogen ion concentrations in mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space

movement through electron transport chain

electrons pass through protein complexes 1 or 2 to ubiquinone which carries them to complex 3. Cytochrome C then carries them to complex 4. At end electrons accepted by half of O2 to make H2O. At same time protons pumped through complexes 1, 3 and 4 into intermembrane space = creates proton gradient used by ATP synthase to generate ATP

ATP synthase

An enzyme complex that uses the energy released by H+ ions returning to the matrix to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

products of electron transport chain

Water and ATP

chemiosmosis

is the process by which ATP is produced as protons flow back across membrane through ATP synthase, driven by the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain.