11: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sterilization

________: Medical procedures such as vasectomy or tubal ligation that make a man or a woman infertile.

Squeeze technique

________: A method for inhibiting ejaculation by compressing the tip of the penis.

Androgyny

________: The presence of both "masculine "and "feminine "traits in a single person (as masculinity and femininity are defined within ones culture)

Menopause

________: The stage of life when a female stops menstruating.

Civic engagement

________: Individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern.

Intersex

________ person: A person who has genitals suggestive of both sexes.

Behavioral methods

________ and counseling techniques have been developed to alleviate many sexual problems.

Erogenous zones

________: Areas of the body that produce pleasure, provoke erotic desire, or both.

Gonads

________: The primary sex glands- the testes in males and ovaries in females.

Acquaintance

________ (date) rape: Forced intercourse that occurs in the context of a date or other voluntary encounter.

Bisexual

________: A person romantically and erotically attracted to both men and women.

Rape

________ refers to situations that involve penetration of the vagina or anus without the consent of the victim.

prenatal exposure

Biological biasing effect: The hypnotized effect that ________ to sex hormones has on the development of the body, nervous system, and later behavior patterns.

Masturbation

________: Producing sexual pleasure or orgasm by directly stimulating the genitals on your own body.

Genito

________- pelvic pain /penetration disorder: A sexual pain disorder in women involving dyspareunia (genital pain before, during, or after sexual intercourse), usually accompanied by vaginismus (muscle spasms of the vagina)

Sex

________ is a powerful biological motive that finds expression in both men and women and behaviors far outweigh the differences.

Testosterone

________: A male sex hormone, secreted mainly by the testes and responsible for the development of many male sexual characteristics.

Castration

________: Surgical removal of the testicles or ovaries.

Erectile disorder

________: An inability to maintain an erection for lovemaking.

Orgasm

________: A climax and release of sexual excitement.

lesbian

Gay /________: A man /woman (respectively) who is romantically and erotically attracted to some- sex persons.

Sexual orientation

________: Enduring pattern of attraction to members of the same and /or other sex.

Female

________ orgasmic disorder: A persistent inability to reach orgasm during lovemaking.

Individuals

________ who are civically engaged have a higher self- esteem, more positive social relationships, and better mental and physical health.

Psychogenic

________: Having psychological origins, rather than physical causes.

Ejaculation

________: The release of sperm and seminal fluid by the male at the time of orgasm.

Gender identity

________ is the subjective sense of being male or female, irrespective of your biological sex.

Paraphilic disorders

________ are compulsive sexual behaviors that tend to emotionally handicapped people.

Refractory period

________: A short period after orgasm during which males are unable to again reach orgasm.

Sexual development

________ begins with the genetic sex (XX or XY chromosomes) and is then influenced by prenatal hormones, particularly androgens (male sex hormones) and estrogens (female sex hormones)

Sex drive

________: The strength of ones motivation to engage in sexual behavior.

Gender role socialization

________: The process of learning gender behaviors considered appropriate for ones sex in a given culture.

Supernormal stimulus

________: Any stimulus (often artificial) that is more potent than the natural stimuli that we have evolved to encounter.

western culture

Traditionally, in ________, boys are encouraged to behave in ways that are strong and aggressive, while females are expected to behave in ways that are more gentle and caring.

Gender

________: Culturally constructed distinctions between male and female characteristics.

Gender role

________: Pattern of behaviors regarded as "male "or "female "within a culture.

Double standard

________ (in sexual behavior): Applying different standards for judging the appropriateness of male and female sexual behavior.

Rape myths

________ or false beliefs grounded in traditional gender role stereotypes.

Sensate focus

________: A form of therapy that directs a couples attention to natural sensations of sexual pleasure.

Secondary sexual characteristics

________: Sexual features other than the genitals and reproductive organs- breasts, body shape, facial hair, and so forth.

Civic engagement

________ refers to individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern.

Rape

________ includes unwanted sex results from the perpetrator threats to harm the victim operates or the victim's family or friends) as well as situations in which victim can not provide consent because they are unconscious or impaired in some way.

ejaculation

Delayed ________: A persistent delay or absence of orgasm during lovemaking.

Sexual development

________ in utero may be atypical when hormones are not present at usual levels, or when the embryo is not sensitive to those hormones.

Sexual orientation

________ tends to be stable over time even if sexual behaviors change period similar factors (heredity, biology, and socialization) underlie all ________.

erectile disorder

Problems with sexual function can involve desire, arousal (e.g., ________, female arousal disorder), orgasm (female orgasmic disorder, displayed ejaculation, premature ejaculation), or pain.

Paraphilic disorders

________: Deviations in sexual behavior such as pedophilia, exhibitionism, fetishism, voyeurism, and so on.

Sex

Ones physical, biological classification as female or male

Genetic sex

Sex as indicated by the presence of XX (female) or XY (male) chromosomes

Hormonal sex

Sex as indicated by a preponderance of estrogens (female) or androgens (male) in the body

Gonadal sex

Sex as indicated by the presence of ovaries (female) or testes (male)

Genital sex

Sex as indicated by the presence of male or female genitals

X chromosome

The female chromosome contributed by the mother; produces a female when paired with another X chromosome and a male when paired with a Y chromosome

Y chromosome

The male chromosome contributed by the father produces a male when paired with an X chromosome

Gonads

The primary sex glands-the testes in males and ovaries in females

Testosterone

A male sex hormone, secreted mainly by the testes and responsible for the development of many male sexual characteristics

Intersex person

A person who has genitals suggestive of both sexes

Primary sexual characteristics

Sex as defined by the genitals and internal reproductive organs

Secondary sexual characteristics

Sexual features other than the genitals and reproductive organs-breasts, body shape, facial hair, and so forth

Menopause

The stage of life when a female stops menstruating

Sexual orientation

Enduring pattern of attraction to members of the same and/or other sex

Heterosexual

A person romantically and erotically attracted to members of the opposite sex

Gay/lesbian

A man/woman (respectively) who is romantically and erotically attracted to some-sex persons

Bisexual

A person romantically and erotically attracted to both men and women

Asexual

A person who is not erotically attracted to either men or women

Gender

Culturally constructed distinctions between male and female characteristics

Gender Identity

Ones personal, private sense of maleness or femaleness

Gender variant (transgender)

A condition in which a persons biological sex does not match his or her preferred gender

Gender dysphoria

Distress that may occur when gender identity does not match a persons physical sex

Biological biasing effect

The hypnotized effect that prenatal exposure to sex hormones has on the development of the body, nervous system, and later behavior patterns

Gender role socialization

The process of learning gender behaviors considered appropriate for ones sex in a given culture

Instrumental behaviors

Actions directed toward the achievement of some goal

Expressive behaviors

Actions that express or communicate emotion or personal feelings

Gender role

Pattern of behaviors regarded as "male" or "female" within a culture

Gender role stereotypes

Oversimplified and widely held beliefs about the basic characteristics of men and women

Gender role strain

Stress associated with any conflict between personal identity and the expectations associated with a gender role

Androgyny

The presence of both "masculine" and "feminine" traits in a single person (as masculinity and femininity are defined within ones culture)

Sex drive

The strength of ones motivation to engage in sexual behavior

Castration

Surgical removal of the testicles or ovaries

Sterilization

Medical procedures such as vasectomy or tubal ligation that make a man or a woman infertile

Masturbation

Producing sexual pleasure or orgasm by directly stimulating the genitals on your own body

Erogenous zones

Areas of the body that produce pleasure, provoke erotic desire, or both

Excitement Phase

The first phase of sexual response, indicated by initial signs of sexual arousal

Plateau phase

The second phase of sexual response, during which physical arousal is further heightened

Orgasm

A climax and release of sexual excitement

Resolution (in sexual response)

The fourth phase of sexual response, involving a return to lower levels of sexual tension and arousal

Ejaculation

The release of sperm and seminal fluid by the male at the time of orgasm

Refractory period

A short period after orgasm during which males are unable to again reach orgasm

Double standard (in sexual behavior)

Applying different standards for judging the appropriateness of male and female sexual behavior

Supernormal stimulus

Any stimulus (often artificial) that is more potent than the natural stimuli that we have evolved to encounter

Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

A disease that is typically passed from one person to the next by intimate physical contact; a venereal disease

Sexual script

An unspoken mental plan that defines a "plot," dialogue, and actions expected to take place in a sexual encounter

Sexual dysfunctions

Problems with sexual desire, arousal, and response

Hypoactive sexual desire

A persistent, upsetting loss of sexual desire

Erectile disorder

An inability to maintain an erection for lovemaking

Psychogenic

Having psychological origins, rather than physical causes

Sensate focus

A form of therapy that directs a couples attention to natural sensations of sexual pleasure

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A lack of interest in sex, lack of physical arousal to sexual stimulation, or both

Female orgasmic disorder

A persistent inability to reach orgasm during lovemaking

Delayed ejaculation

A persistent delay or absence of orgasm during lovemaking