Social Studies Final Review

Poll Taxes/Grandfather Clause/Literacy Test

Laws created in the south to limit the freedoms of African Americans voting rights

Reconstruction Amendments

13 - ended slavery

14 - civil rights

15 - right to vote

Jim Crow Laws

Laws that were created to enforce segregation

Segregation

Separation of public facilities

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court stating that “separate but equal” was legal

Causes of immigration

* Factory jobs were unavailable for unskilled workers
* Farmland was available

Causes of urbanization

An increase of factories in the cities during industrialization

Time periods

Urbanization and immigration took place during the period of industrialization in the US during 1850-1920

Progressive Era: 1900-1920 - was a time period when the government tried to fix societal problems

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Led to women protesting for workers rights and safety in workplaces

Working Conditions

They were poor during industrialization

Child Labor

During industrialization children were working in poor conditions instead of school

Labor Unions

Tried to unite workers to fight for better working conditions

Push/Pull

Push - reasons immigrants left their homes (countries, war, famine, no jobs)

Pull - reasons why they came to a country (jobs and freedoms)

Muckrakers

Individuals who exposed the terrible conditions in society

Teddy Roosevelt

Led to the Progressive Era. Tried to control good and bad trusts and eliminate bad trusts

Panama Canal

Shortened sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Monopolies

Large corporations that would wipe out competition, also known as bad trusts. Bad for business, bad for consumers

Mass Production

Manufacture large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Ellis Island

Processed immigrants from Europe

Xenophobia

Prejudice against immigrants because they came from very different backgrounds than the majority of Americans

Cause of Expansion

Americans needed more resources to fuel industrialization

Impact of Expansion

America gains territories and becomes a world power

Yellow Journalism

Exaggeration used in newspapers to influence public opinion

Imperialism/Expansion

A country acquiring/annexing territories

Open Door Policy

Protecting the US trading rights with China

Militarism

A country putting their main emphasis on war

Alliances

Nations making agreements to support each other during war

Imperialism

When a nation expands by taking up colonies throughout the world, outside of their borders for economic interest

Nationalism

Extreme pride in your nation or natural identity

Neutrality

Not being involved with fighting a war

Reasons for US Involvement

* Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (Germany)
* Propaganda
* Economic Interests
* Russian Revolution
* Sinking of the Lusitania (sunk by German submarine)
* Zimmerman Telegram

Assassination of Archduke Franz-Ferdinand

Immediate cause of WW1

Treaty of Versailles

BRAT - targeted Germany

B - blame

R - reparations

A - army (reduce military)

T - territory

League of Nations

A proposed alliance to help monitor and police the world. Unsuccessful due to the US not joking

Wilson’s 14 Points

President Wilson proposed the League of Nations in the 14 points

Economy - 1920’s

Booming!

Women’s Suffrage/19th Amendment

The right for women to vote

Organized Crime

Caused the 18th Amendment which was the banning of alcohol

Prohibition

Period in the US when alcohol was banned

Harlem Renaissance

Increased awareness of African-Americans

Stock Market Crash

Cause of the Great Depression. The economy tanked and people lost everything. A main cause of the stock market crash was buying on margin

Hoovervilles

Named after President Hoover because the people felt he did not meet the needs of Americans

Dust Bowl

During the Great Depression. Severe drought that caused the farming system to fail

FDR

The President during the Great Depression and WW2

New Deal

Deal put forth by FDR to get Americans out of the Great Depression. He had a Banking Holiday which closed all banks and created several programs. Social Security still exists today

Pearl Harbor

Attack by Japan on US naval base.

* US then got involved in fighting
* Ultimately, US drops the atomic bomb to end war and save American lives/Truman was president

Japanese Internment

Japanese-Americans were sent to camps, similar to prisons after Pearl Harbor

Holocaust

Mass killings of European Jews and other minorities

Women’s Role During War

Working in factories

Lend Lease

Providing materials to the Allied powers

Total War

All citizens are involved in and support the war effort at home

Ex: paper drives, rationing of food and gas, victory gardens

Nations Involved in the Cold War

US vs. Soviet Union (USSR)

Causes of the Cold War

Conflicting interest among world powers (democracy vs. communism)

Proxy Wars

Korean War, Vietnam War

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Union had put nuclear missiles on the island of Cuba

Protests

Peacefully standing up against inequalities

Bus Boycott

Began with Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus

I Have a Dream Speech

Speech to end racism and promote equality for all Americans in the United States by MLK Jr.

Inequality

A group of individuals, usually a minority not being treated fairly

Power

When one group/individual has influence over another due to money, military rights

Conflict

An issue between groups or individuals