Full Study Guide for APush(Unit 1-5)

Period(Unit) 1 & 2

The Big List of Topics to Consider

• Key Concept 1.1: As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

• Explain how the introduction of new plants, animals, and technologies altered the natural environment of North America and affected interactions among various groups in the colonial period.

• Explain how the natural environment contributed to the development of distinct regional group identities.

• Analyze the factors behind competition, cooperation, and conflict among different societies and social groups in North America during the colonial period.

• Key Concept 1.2: Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and significant social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

• Explain how the introduction of new plants, animals, and technologies altered the natural environment of North America and affected interactions among various groups in the colonial period.

• Explain the development of labor systems such as slavery.

• Analyze the effects that migration, disease, and warfare had on the American Indian population after contact

• Key Concept 1.3: European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange, a series of interactions and adaptations among societies across the Atlantic.

• Explain how patterns of exchanging commodities, peoples, diseases, and ideas around the Atlantic World developed after European contact and shaped North American colonial-era societies

• Compare the cultural values and attitudes of different European, African American, and native peoples in the colonial period and explain how contact affected intergroup relationships and conflicts

The Big List of Topics to Consider Unit 2

Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources.

• Analyze how innovations in markets, transportation, and technology affected the economy and the different regions of North America from the colonial period.

• Explain how imperial competition and the exchange of commodities across both sides of the Atlantic Ocean influenced the origins and patterns of development of North American societies in the colonial period

• Explain how conceptions of group identity and autonomy emerged out of cultural interactions between colonizing groups, Africans, and American Indians in the colonial era

Key Concept 2.2: The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.

• Analyze how competing conceptions of national identity were expressed in the development of political institutions and cultural values from the late colonial

• Explain how the exchange of ideas among different parts of the Atlantic World shaped belief systems and independence movements

Key Concept 2.3: European colonization efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and native peoples.

• Competition over resources between European rivals led to conflict within and between North American colonial possessions and American Indians.

• Analyze the factors behind competition, cooperation, and conflict among different societies and social groups in North America during the colonial period

Chapter 1 Colliding World, 1450-1600

Big Idea Question

• How did the political, economic, and religious systems of Native American, Europeans, and Africans compare, and how did things change as a result of contacts above them?:

• Why did contact among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans cause such momentous changes?

Vocabs

tribute(paying of): people bringing gold textiles, cacao and material goods(kind of of like taxes in Europe) Aztec people would do this.

animism: Believing that their are spirts in the world around us. The sun, wind, stones, and animals were seen to have to spiritual forces. Old European, Native American, and African practiced this.

primogeniture: The practice of fathers giving all their land to their oldest son. Used in Europe due to overpopulation

Renaissance: A time of enlightenment, art, and cultural transformation from 1300 to 1450. Artist like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Crusades: A long war were many different European countries fought against Muslim advance in the Southern Part of Europe but most importantly the holy lands. It intensified Europe’s Christians identity and introduced new trade route for merchants.

Protestant Reformation: The criticizing of the Roman Catholic Church and with radical reforms who wanted to branch out of the Catholic Church like Martin Luther and Calvin.

Martin Luther: A German monk and professor who wrote a Ninety-five Theses about the Church’s corrupt practices. He downplayed the clergy’s role and wanted Christians to look at the Bible not the Church.

Christopher Columbus: In April 1492 he sailed to the New World hoping to find a better route to Asia but instead found the Americas. He was an Italian sailor that was hired by Spain to go on a voyage.

Montezuma: The emperor of the Aztec that held a great ceremony for Cortez but later was captured by him and his city and empire fell.

matriarchy: A society where power is inherited by female line of authority. Seen in the Iroquois who had a council were women where the influence in local councils.

patriarchy: a society were men were the head of families and in society with kings and nobles. Property and social identity fell into the male family lines. This was huge in Europe and the Church approved this teaching think that women were not powerful themselves.

republic: A state that had no prince or king but ruled by merchant coalitions. Used by Italian city-states.

heresy: doctrines that did not or contradict the teaching of the Church. Seen as tools of Stan and to fight against false doctrines was obligated for Christian rulers(fight against the Muslim)

predestination: The idea of God chooses certain amount of people for salvation before they were even born and the rest regardless if they were good could not get salvation. This was preached by the John Calvin and the Puritans.

Counter-Reformation: A counter of the Protestant Reformation that sought change inside the Catholic Church. Creating new monastic and missionary orders this is where the Jesuits were found.

Vasco da Gama: A Portuguese sailor who reached East Africa and India. Helped to fortified trading posts in the Indian Ocean.

Hernan Cortez: Lead an army of 600 men to the Yucatan Peninsula and challenged the Aztec ruler. He was able to capture and take over the city of Tenochtitlan and the emperor. Eventually he and his men destroyed the Aztec empire.

Chapter 2 American Experiments, 1521-1700

Big Idea Question

• In what ways did European migrants transfer familiar patterns and institutions to their colonies in the Americas, and in what ways did they create new American worlds?:

• How did Native Americans adapt to the growing presence of Europeans among them?:

• Why did the American colonies develop the social, political, and economic institutions they did, and why were some colonial experiments more successful than others?:

Vocabs

chattel slavery: ownership of human being(specifically Africans) as property. Seen and treated like cows or animals.

Columbian Exchange: Europe contacted with the America introducing a widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, communicable diseases, and ideas. The trade of goods, ideas, diseases, and people from the Old World and the New World

mercantilism: government-assisted manufacturing and trade. Help England to reduce imports into the country and export out of the country making England rich.

royal colony: Were the King would appoint a governor and a small advisory council and a clergy of the Anglican Church, Virginia was the first. Others are New York, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, and New France

headright system: Created by the Virginia Company in 1618 as way to get new settlers to the region and labor shortage from emergence of tobacco farming. Guaranteed 50 acres of land to anyone who paid a passage to new immigrants to the colony of Virginia. Rich people would pay additional slaves and servants to enter the colony.

Pilgrims: Were Puritans that did want to separate from the Church of England. Made the Mayflower compact that used Puritans self-governing religious congregation as a model.

joint-stock corporation: corporate businesses with shareholders whose mission was to settle and develop lands in North America. It also allows investors to put their resources into a representative political system with a governor, council, and assembly. Most famous were the British East India Company, the Dutch East India Company, and the Virginia Company(made the settlement in Jamestown)

Lord Baltimore: The name that Maryland put on their capital and was the aristocrat appointed of Maryland.
Anne Hutchinson: A woman who defied the Puritans and the covenant of work and instead proposed the covenant of grace. Was banished by the Puritans for speaking out.

Bacon’s Rebellion: Bacon with his group rebel against the government and attacked the Indians for land since they were not getting any and the government took their vote. Nathaniel Bacon was then arrested but his group un-arrested him and the governor gave back their voting right after unrelenting rebellion's.

Neo-Europes: colony that were sought out to replicate or copy the economies, social structures as their European countries. England, Dutch, and France were big players in this.

toleration: The toleration of other religion

encomienda: The encomienda system had the Spanish crown granted colonists(conquistadors) authority over a specified number of natives; the colonists was obliged to protect the natives and convert them to Catholicism, and in exchange, the colonist was entitled to those natives’ labor for such enterprises as sugar harvesting and silver mining. Was a form of slavery. The Conquistador received this encomienda from the Spanish crown to claim tribute in labor and goods from the Natives living there

outwork: Merchants suppling weavers with high quality wool and merchants would buy these wool and sent it “out”

House of Burgesses: A repenstivave government should an example of what American government would be like today.

freehold: lands that was bought by free people(mostly white) plantations were a part of them.

indentured servitude: European man and women who gave up their time to work for someone when they arrived in the Americans. This was in exchanged to be able to freely marry, buy lands, and work for themselves after their contract was over.

Puritans: Groups of people who had left the Church of England after being threatened by the King they were called the Pilgrims. Some Puritans wanted to change the Church of England in the inside and purify it were the Puritans. Very strict in religion believing predestination and wanted a state religion of Puritanism.

Francis Drake: An English seafarers supported by Elizabeth a Protestant who disrupted Spanish ships and gain lots of riches.

John Winthrop: the leader of the Puritans who fled England and he governed the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Metacom’s War: The King Philip war between the Wampanoag and the English after the English population began to dominate the Indians populating. Named after the chief of Wampanoag they Native Americans were able to blow some steam but in the end lost.

covenant of grace: Hutchinson declared that God have “revealed” divined truth to individual believers and saved those predestined for salvation.

covenant of works: Anne Hutchinson belived that their was no salvation through good deed.

Chapter 3 The British Atlantic World, 1660-1750

Big Idea Question

• How did the South Atlantic System create an interconnected Atlantic World, and how did this system impact development in the British colonies?:

• Why and how did the South Atlantic System reshape the economy, society, and culture of British North America?:

Vocabs

proprietorship: A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group who then set up a form of government largely independent from royal control. The Restoration Colonies were proprietorships. Maryland, Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were proprietorships who had Lords and Duke owned and rule their land.

Navigation Acts: English laws passed, beginning in the 1650s and 1660s requiring English colonial goods to be shipped through Englsih ports on their ships to benefits the Englsih government, merchants, and shippers. This did not worked as the colonies would smuggling goods to the French and Dutch shippers.

tribalization: Many native American who had lost their tribe and were tribeless came together to from different tribes and culture due to land being lost and diseases. New tribes were form and old tribes that were being depleted started to rise.

Middle Passage: Transportation of slaves from West Africa to the Caribbean/South America. Millions died

gentility: a lifestyle from English family that influenced the colonist of refined manner changing.

patronage: Practice of giving offices and salaries to political allies by the power of elected officials and jobs that favored themselves.

John Locke(ideas): Ideas that government can’t take somebodies’ human

Covenant Chain: Alliance between the Iroquois, New York colony, and the British Empire.

Quakers: protestant who lived simply lives. Most were rich and rebelled against tobacco taxes and believed in religious freedom. Pennsylvania was a colony for the Quakers.

constitutional monarchy : established after the Glorious Revolution. Power was giving to the parliament and not the king. Wig party had a lot to do with it spark rebellion in the colonist.

South Atlantic System: Around Brazil and the West Indies(lots of revolts) Slave goes up. Britain goes up in wealthy.

Stono Rebellion: largest slave uprising in the mainland colonies(S. Carolina) governor of Florida offered freedom to

salutary neglect: Allowed the rise of American self-government as the English government would relaxed their supervision and strict law which gave the colonies freedom. This was because England was already getting money so they didn’t worry that much.

William Penn: Founder of the Pennsylvania colony which was a marked of unity and religious freedom. Penn was a Quaker, Quakers were simply people who believed that God spoke directly to each person. He gained a colony after one of his male relative did a favor for the King. He used this colony as a refugee for other Quakers who were being persecuted by the Church of England.

gentry: colony elites that were not welcomed in Englsih society had the a lot of power in colony through money and land. Changed class division, lowered taxes and right to vote for all white farmers

Dominion of New England: A royal province created by King James II in 1686 that included Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New York, and New Jersey. This was to tie to royal colony to the Crown directly and imposed orders.

Chapter 4 Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

Big Idea Question

• In what ways were Britain's American colonies affected by events across the Atlantic, and how were their societies taking on a life of their own?:

• Why did transatlantic travel and communication reshape Britain’s American colonies so dramatically?:

Vocabs

tenancy: Do not own their own land and had to pay rent since they came without money as they came to America as they were running away from something.

squatters: Because of the overwhelming demand of land new migrant coming to Pennsylvania and New Jersey were forced to become squatters who settled on land that are not their through owning it or renting it. Made a lot of QUAKERS MAD.

Enlightenment: THINK FOR YOURSELF! The scientific revolution of 16th and 17th centuries caused people to challenge folk wisdom and Church teachings. To understand human reasoning and the shape of our world

natural rights: John Locke idea that all humans have the rights to life, liberty, and property. You can’t take human right away and thinking rational. Was seen in the Great Enlightenment in America.

Old Lights: Most were puritans who did not like this Great Awakening and believed that only man had rights and should speak in public. Would try in lots of ways to silence the New Lights through the legislative and by talking bad about them.

consumer revolution: A revolution raised the living standards but many colonies and consumer were in debt . Increase in consumption of English manufacture in Britain. Population growth, mechanical power, higher yields

Benjamin Franklin: Contribution of inventions, deism, rational thought and a prolific writer, Was a founding father, who believed in human rights and started to question the rational of slavery due to the whole natural rights.

William Pitt: A British statesman with another man persuaded Pelham to launch an American war called the War Hawks.

French and Indian War: The Great War for Empire/Seven-Year’s War 754-1763(MAJOIR TURNING POINT). Land dispute between British and French claims in North America in the Ohio Valley. British, French, Ohio Valley Indians, and Iroquois Confederation. This caused huge debt for the British started to taxes the colonies even more

competency: To keep their household and to be independent.

household mode of production: families swapped labor and goods. Women and childern would work in these groups to spin yarn, sew quilts, and shuck corn.

redemptioner: whole family from Germany will come through the passage for free and find somebody to pay for their passage.

Pietism: An evangelical Christian movement that belived people could have a personal relationship with God and do not have to have a relationship with God just through the church. Women, homeless people, and slave graduated towards these people.

deism: God created humans and left them to think for themselves and was not present. Realis on reasoning than scripture to interpret God’s will.

New Lights: Piestist: More religious freedom of worship. More room for women and allowed them to speak in public

• Believe in salvation

• You can be saved if you are good and can also turn back to God

• Services and mass have more flowed and fun.

• The Presbyterian and Baptist were New Lights

Regulators: Vigilantes who owned land who demanded for more courts, fairer taxation, and great representation

George Whitefield: A Methodist minister from England who pushed the belief in personal relationship with God. Given a voice to women in the church. *HELP START THE GREAT AWAKING. Popular in Georgia to Massachusetts. Puritan did not like him because of his

Pontiac: An Ottawa chief who declared he is French and led a major uprising at Detroit.

Great War for Empire: The Seven-Year or French and Indian war . Help surge trade boost in the colonies but caused America to be in huge debt. Major turning point. Leaves British soldiers in N. America.-Depleting royal coffers(British became broke like really broke) -Increased British holdings west of Appalachians Continued conflict with Native. -Taxed the colonist to get money back from the war. Colonist gets mad because they haven't been paying an taxes for the Brit until now. Brit saw this as a way for the colonist to pay them back after fight a war to keep them protected.

coverture: married women are placed under protection and authority of their husbands. She will then give up all her property to her husband as he now after the coverture is the legl ownership. After his death she receive a dower of one-third family property.

Period(Unit) 3

The Big List of Topics to Consider

Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter control over its North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a colonial independence movement and the Revolutionary War.

• Analyze the factors behind competition, cooperation, and conflict among different societies and social groups in North America during the colonial period.

• Explain how the natural environment contributed to the development of distinct regional group identities, institutions, and conflicts in the pre-contact period through the independence period.

• Compare the cultural values and attitudes of different European, African American, and native peoples in the colonial period and explain how contact affected intergroup relationships and conflicts 

Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government.

• Analyze how competing conceptions of national identity were expressed in the development of political institutions and cultural values from the late colonial through the antebellum periods. 

• Analyze the role of economic, political, social, and ethnic factors on the formation of regional identities in what would become the United States from the colonial period through the 19th century

• Explain how arguments about market capitalism, the growth of corporate power, and government policies influenced economic policies from the late 18th century 

Key Concept 3.3: Migration within North America and competition over resources, boundaries, and trade intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.

• Analyze the role of economic, political, social, and ethnic factors on the formation of regional identities in what would become the United States from the colonial period.

• Explain how free and forced migration to and within different parts of North America caused regional development, cultural diversity and blending, and political and social conflicts 

Chapter 5 The Problem of Empire, 1763-1776

Big Idea Question

• Consider whether the collapse of British authority in the thirteen rebellious colonies might have been avoided through compromise measures and more astute leadership. Was colonial independence inevitable, and was war the only way to achieve it?:

• Why did the imperial crisis led to war between Britain and the United States?:

Vocabs

Sugar Act(of 1764): An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

virtual representation: British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members

Stamp Act Congress: held in New York, agreed to not import British goods until Stamp Act was repealed

English common law: The centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected the lives and property of the British monarch's subjects.

Townshend Act (of 1767): British law that established new duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and painters' colors imported into the colonies. The Townshend duties led to boycotts and heightened tensions between Britain and the American colonies.

committees of correspondence: Local committees established in Massachusetts and later in each of the 13 colonies to maintain colonial opposition to the British policies through letters

Coercive Acts: Acts that closed the Boston Harbor until the colonist paid to the tea ruined in the Boston Tea Party

Lord Dunmore’s War: Confrontation between Virginians and the Shawnee Indians in 1774. During the peace conference that followed, Virginia gained uncontested rights to lands south of the Ohio country in exchange for its claims on the northern side.

Second Continental Congress: They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence

Samuel Adams: American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson: Author of the Declaration of Independence

Patriot: American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won

Proclamation Line of 1763: Stated that no colonists could settle in lands to the west of the Appalachian mountains-- made the colonists very upset

unicameral: One-house legislature

Stamp Act (of 1765): This act required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.

Quartering Act (of 1765): Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.

Sons of Liberty: A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.

Declaratory Act (of 1766): Law issued by Parliament to assert Parliament's unassailable right to legislate for its British colonies "in all cases whatsoever," putting Americans on notice that the simultaneous repeal of the Stamp Act changed nothing in the imperial powers of Britain

nonimportation movement: A boycott against the purchase of any imported British goods.

Tea Act(of May 1773): British act that lowered the existing tax on tea and granted exemptions to the East India Company to make their tea cheaper in the colonies and entice boycotting Americans to buy it. Resistance to the Tea Act led to the passage of the Coercive Acts and imposition of military rule in Massachusetts.

Continental Congress: A body of representatives from the British North American colonies who met to respond to England's Intolerable Acts. They declared independence in July 1776 and later drafted the Articles of Confederation.

Minutemen: citizen soldiers who could be ready to fight at a minute's notice in militia

popular sovereignty: A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Thomas Paine and Common Sense: A British citizen, he wrote Common Sense, published on January 1, 1776, to encourage the colonies to seek independence. It spoke out against the unfair treatment of the colonies by the British government and was instrumental in turning public opinion in favor of the Revolution.

Declaration of Independence: Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.

Loyalist: American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

guerilla warfare: type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy

bicameral: Two house legislature

Chapter 6 Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Big Idea Questions

• How revolutionary was the American Revolution? What political, social, and economic changes did it produce, and what stayed the same?:

• Why did the American independence movement succeed, and what changes did it initiate in American society and government?

Vocabs

Battle of Saratoga: American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution, caused French to assist

Battle of Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

Treaty of Paris (1783): This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Articles of Confederation: A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Shays's Rebellion: (1786-1787) Storming of the Massachusetts federal arsenal in 1787 by Daniel Shays and 1,200 armed farmers seeking debt relief from the state legislature through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, showed militia worked with little bloodshed.

New Jersey Plan: A constitutional proposal that would have given each state one vote in a new congress

Antifederalists: Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. Believed in no national bank, bill of rights, and wanted strong gov to be in the states.

George Washington: 1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799), people wanted him to be king.

• Was president after the constitution was ratified in 1787

James Madison: "Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

ratification: Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty

unicameral: One-house legislature

Valley Forge: Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutrition, Steuben comes and trains troops

currency tax: A hidden tax on the farmers and artisans who accepted Continental bills in payment for supplies and on the thousands of soldiers who took them as pay. Because of rampant inflation, Continental currency lost much of its value during the war; thus, the implicit tax on those who accepted it as payment.

mixed government:

Northwest Ordinance (1787): Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights and permanently prohibited slavery

Virginia Plan: Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population

Federalists: Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption. Believed in national bank, bill of rights, strong federal gov

Federalists Papers no.10: Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts.

Baron von Steuben: a Prussian military officer who trained the Continental Army

The Great Compromise: Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house(the Senate or upper house) of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house ( House of representation lower house)

bicameral: Two house legislature

Chapter 7 Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Big Ideas Questions

• What was required to make the United States a strong, viable, independent republic in its early years, and how did debates over the Constitution shape relations between the national government and the states?:

• Why did the US survive the challenges of the first three decades to become a viable, growing independent republic?

Vocabs

Bill of Rights:

Proclamation of Neutrality:

Whiskey Rebellion:

Haitian Revolution:

VA and KY Resolutions:

Treaty of Greenville:

Louisiana Purchase:

Treaty of Ghent:

Monroe Doctrine:

John Adams:

John Marshall:

Henry Clay(incl. nickname):

Lewis and Clark:

Adams-Onis Treaty:

Bank of the United States:

French Revolution:

Jay’s Treaty:

XYZ Affair :

Naturalization, Alien and Sedition Acts:

Marbury v. Madison(1803):

Embargo Act of 1807:

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):

Alexander Hamilton:

Little Turtle:

Tecumseh:

John Quincy Adams:

yeoman farmers:

Period(Unit) 4

The Big List of Topics to Consider

Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.

• Analyze the role of economic, political, social, and ethnic factors on the formation of regional identities in what would become the United States from the colonial period through the 19th century

• Analyze how arguments over the meaning and interpretation of the Constitution have affected U.S. politics since 1787

Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.

• Analyze how innovations in markets, transportation, and technology affected the economy and the different regions of North America from the colonial period.

• Explain the development of labor systems that accompanied industrialization since the 19th century and how industrialization shaped U.S. society and workers’ lives.

Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

• Explain how arguments about market capitalism, the growth of corporate power, and government policies influenced economic policies from the late 18th century.

• Analyze how innovations in markets, transportation, and technology affected the economy and the different regions of North America from the colonial period.

Chapter 8

Big Idea Questions

• Why and how did the economic transformation of the first half of the 19th century reshape northern and southern society and culture?

Vocabs

neomercantilism:

Commonwealth System:

Market Revolution:

cotton complex:

Waltham-Lowell system:

manumission:

inland system:

paternalism:

artisan republicanism:

labor theory of value:

middle class:

John Jacob Astor:

Samuel Morse:

Cyrus McCormick:

elite:

Panic of 1819:

Erie Canal:

Industrial Revolution:

mechanics:

gradual emancipation:

coastal trade:

“positive good”:

machine tools:

unions:

gang-labor system:

self-made man:

Samuel Slater:

Francis Cabot Lowell:

Eli Whitney:

Chapter 9

Big Idea Questions

What were the main features of the Democratic Revolution, and what role did Andrew Jackson play in its outcome?

Why did Andrew Jackson’s election mark a turning point in American politics?

Vocabs

franchise:

political machine:

caucus:

internal improvements:

Tariff of Abominations:

states’ rights:

Indian Removal Act of 830:

classical liberalism/laissez-faire:

Panic of 1837:

Martin van Buren:

Daniel Webster:

Roger B. Taney:

Log Cabin Campaign:

“The Democracy”:

King ‘Mob’:

republican motherhood:

notables:

spoils system:

American System:

corrupt bargain nullification:

Second Bank of the United States:

Trail of Tears:

Whigs:

Specie Circular::

John C. Calhoun:

Nicholas Biddle:

John Tyler:

Andrew Jackson(incl. nickname):

Second Party System:

demographic transition:

Missouri Compromise:

Chapter 10

Big Idea Questions

• To what extent did movements such as individualism, new religious sects, abolitionism and women's rights change American culture between 1820-1860?

• Why did new intellectual, religious, and social movements merge in the early 19th century, and how did they change American society?

Vocabs

individualism:

Benevolent Empire:

American Renaissance:

transcendentalism:

Mormons/Mormonism:

minstrelsy/minstrel shows:

abolitionism:

Underground Railroad:

gag rule:

separate sphere:

married women’s property laws:

Seneca Falls Convention:

Henry David Thoreau:

Walt Whitman:

William Lloyd Garrison:

Joseph Smith:

Charles Grandison Finney:

Second Great Awakening:

Maine Law:

romanticism:

utopias:

plural marriage:

AME Church:

David Walker’s Appeal:

amalgamation:

Liberty Party:

domestic slavery:

American Anti-Slavery Society:

Ralph Waldo Emerson:

Margaret Fuller:

Nat Turner:

Dorothea Dix:

Susan B. Anthony:

the Shakers:

Grimke sisters:

Chapter 11

Big Idea Questions

• What were the causes of the Mexican War, and in what ways did it bring about a growing sectional crisis during the 1850s?

• Why did the ideology of Manifest Destiny unite ordinary Americans and shape US policies?

Vocabs

slave society:

Great American Desert:

secret ballot:

task system:

Manifest Destiny Californios:

Sam Houston:

Santa Anna:

Zachary Taylor:

domestic slave trade:

republican aristocracy:

Alamo:

Gullah dialect:

German Coast uprising:

Oregon Trail:

“Fifty-four forty or fight!”:

Stephen Austin:

James K. Polk:

freemen:

Chapter 12

Big Idea Questions

• Why did the new Republican Party arise, and what events led to Democratic division and southern secession?

Vocabs

Mexican cession:

“slave power” conspiracy:

popular sovereignty:

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

Treaty of Kanagawa:

Ostend Manifesto:

nativism:

Dred Scott decision:

Harriet Beecher:

Stowe:

Abraham Lincoln:

Wilmot Proviso:

free soil movement:

personal liberty laws:

filibustering:

chain migration:

American/Know-Nothing Party:

Stephen Douglas:

John Brown:

The Big List of Topics to Consider Chapter 12 Unit 5

Key Concept 5.1: The U.S. became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries. 

• Assess the impact of Manifest Destiny, territorial expansion, the Civil War, and industrialization on popular beliefs about progress and national destiny of the U.S. in the 19^th century. 

• Analyze the major aspects of domestic debates over U.S. expansionism in the 19^th century.

  

Dates and Events

Major turning points are bolded and will be on the exam.  The rest are for context and chronology.

You will need to match either the date or the event with it’s significance in American history.

ex: Christopher Columbus opened up the New World to disease, settlement and trade

1492- Columbus and Columbian Exchange

1607- Jamestown

1619- first enslaved Africans brought to VA colony

1651- first Navigation Acts passed

1675-Bacon’s Rebellion

1730s-40s- Great Awakening

1739-Stono Rebellion

1754-63- French and Indian War

1763- Proclamation Line

1763- end of Salutary Neglect

1764- Stamp Act

1770- Boston Massacre

1773- Boston Tea Party

1775- Revolutionary War fighting breaks out

1776- Declaration of Independence

1783- Treaty of Paris

1785 & 87- Northwest Ordinance

1789- Constitution becomes law

1794- Whiskey Rebellion

1795- Treaty of Greenville

1800- Jefferson elected

1803- LA purchase

1803- Marbury vs. Madison

1808- International Slave Trade abolished

1812-14- War of 1812

1820s-30s- Second Great Awakening

1820- MO Compromise

1824- “Favorite Son Election”

1828- Jackson elected (first Democrat)

1830- Indian Removal Act

1844- Polk elected (Dem)

1846-48- Mexican-American War and cession of land

1848- Taylor elected (Whig)

1850- Compromise of 1850

1852-Peirce elected (Dem)

1854- Republican party established

1856- Bleeding Kansas

1859- Raid on Harper’s Ferry

1860- Lincoln elected (first Rep)

1861-65- American Civil War

Quick List of Questions to Consider

• What were the diverse purposes of England’s American colonies, and how did these purposes change in the early years of colonization?

• What features were shared by all of the Southern colonies? What specifically stands out about specific southern colonies? How does the development of these colonies begin to lay groundwork for eventual cultural conflict with the Northern colonies?

• How did interactions with Native Americans change during this era for the French/British/Spanish/Colonials?

• How was Britain’s SUCCESS against the French the groundwork for its future FAILURE in dealing with its colonial subjects.

• How did American and British views of taxation differ? How does Mercantilism play in? Who is right? What were the effects on both the colonies and the motherland?

• What were the causes/consequences of the Declaration of Independence? How did that single document change the entire purpose of the war?

• Why is the Revolution of 1800 so important to the political changes that occur in the 19th century?

• What did the two political parties (The Democrats & the Whigs) really stand for? Were they actual ideological opponents, or were their disagreements less important than their shared roots?

• Compare the two-party political system of the 1830’s “New Democracy” with the first two-party system of the early Republic. In what ways were the two systems similar, and in what ways were they different? Were both parties correct in claiming to be hers of Jeffersonian Republican tradition?

• Trace the development of Manifest Destiny: where it came from, how it was achieved (examples of expansion), and what were its effects on America

• Understand the causes and effects of the Mexican War and the arguments over Texas’s annexation

• Compare and contrast life in the southern states to life in the northern states

• Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Southern economy and explain why they had a false sense of economic security going into the Civil War

• Describe the social and religious structures of the South and the North in the antebellum period