IS 310 Exam

Covers vocab words for exam 1

Hardware 

• Process Data by Executing instructions 

• Provides input and output 

• Control input, and manage computer resources.

Software

• Application and system software

• Instructions tell hardware exactly what tasks to perform and in what order to execute

Data

Fundamental representation of facts and obversations

Communications

• Sharing data and processing among different systems 

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

CU

Control Unit

Bus

Bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different components 

What are alt terms for memory?

• Primary storage

• Working Storage

• RAM (Random Access Memory)

Communication channels

• Physical connection between computer systems 

• I.e. Wires, cables, phone lines, radio wabes, IR, and optic cables

What is a modem or Network Interface Card (NIC) responsible for?

• Handling communication between the computer and the communication  chanel

Define a system

A collection of organized, linked components that’s recognized a singular unit. 

What is the environment of a system 

Anything outside the system 

What’s the interface of the system

How the environment interacts with the system

Define System Architecture

Fundamental properties, relationship patterns, connections, constraints, and linkages between components within the evironment

Why does caching work

Because of locality of reference

What is Addressing and where is the operand

Adressing modes specify where an operand is located, which is its effective address

What are the types of addressing

• Immediate

• Direct

• Register

• Indirect
  Register

What’s Immediate Adressing 

• Where the data is part of the instruction

Direct addressing

Where the address of the data is given in the instruction

Register adressing

Where the data is located in a register

Indirect addressing

Gives the address of the adress of the data in the instruction 

Register inderect addressing

Uses a register to store the address of the address of the data

Whatr are the major components of a computer system

• Control unit 

• ALU 

• Memory 

• Data path 

• Registers 

Mnemonic 

• Short character sequence that represents an instruction 

• Easier to remember than a numeric code 

Compression

represents data in a more compact form

Metadeta

Data that describes or interprets the meaning of data

Printing characters 

Produced on the screen or printer 

Control characters

Control positions of output on screen or printer

• I.e. VT - vertical tab or LF - Line feed

Bitmap/ Raster images

• Photos and paintings with continuous variation

Object/Vector Images

Composed of graphical objects such as geo defined lines and curves

What are the differences between bitmap and object images

• Quality of the image

• Storage space required

• Time to transmit

• Ease of modification

Propietary formats 

Storing and processing data 

Identify Lossy v Lossless

Lossy - Discards data to save space and increase download speed, may reduce image resi

• Common in multimedia

• I.e. JPEG, MP3

Lossless - Doesn’t discard data, but only displays 256 colors; inverse algorithm restores to OG form 

• I.e., GIFs, PNGs, ZIP, and TIFF

What is MP3

Moving Picture Experts Group

• Uses lossy compresion techniques to reduce storage requirements

• Predominent Digi audio format 

Pixel

Picture element

Resolution

Number of pixels per inch

WAV 

A Microsoft multimedia specification 

• Uncompressed 8/19 bit sound samples 

• General purpose audio format 

Overflow 

Result of addition or subtraction overflows into the sign bit 

Carry flag

Set when the result of an addition or subtraction exceeds fixed number of bits allocated.