Studied by 15 people
Juniper Serra
Spanish Franciscan monk who led missions to convert Native Americans to Christianity in California with much success and less success in Texas or New Mexico
Expansionists
People who favored territorial growth and the expansion of the US
Manifest Destiny
The belief that the United States had the God given right to control all of North America
Santa Fe Trail
An important trade route going from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Used from about 1821 to 1880 in which Americans traded manufactured goods for New Mexican horses, furs, and silver
Mountain Men
Young American trappers who hunted for beaver pelts in the rockies
Oregon Trail
Trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon; used by many pioneers during the 1840s
Brigham Young
Mormon religious leader who led Mormons across the Great Plains and the Rockies to establish the colony of New Zion on the eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake
Treaty of Fort Laramie
A treaty that bounded Native Americans to territories away from the major trails
Stephen F. Austin
Led a large group of American immigrants to settle east of San Antonio, founding Austin, Texas
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Decorated general who seized power in Mexico City and led an authoritarian government against the American settlers from before the declared independence through the Mexican-American War
Autonomy
Independence; self-government
Sam Houston
Led the Battle of San Jacinto by drawing Santa Anna into a trap granting the US the victory that would force Santa Anna to accept their independence
James K. Polk
President in March 1845. wanted to settle Oregon boundary dispute with Britain. and wanted to incorporate Texas into the union
Zachary Taylor
General who led troops to occupy the borderland between Mexico and the U.S. in 1846
Winfield Scott
United States general who defeated Santa Anna by capturing Mexico City in the Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty between Mexico and the US that forced Mexico to give up the northern third of their country and add 1.2 million square miles to the US
Gadsden Purchase
1853 purchase by the United States consisting of 29,640 square miles of land in Southern Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico
Wilmont Proviso
Law proposal stating that there would be a ban on slavery in any lands won from Mexico
California Gold Rush
About 80,000 fortune seekers headed for California in search of easy riches (gold)
Forty-Niners
People who went to California during the gold rush of 1849
Placer Mining
Process consisting of using cheap metal pans, picks, and shovels to harvest gold flecks from the sand along the banks and bottoms of rivers and streams
Hydraulic Mining
Process employing jets of water to erode gravel hills into long lines of sluices to catch gold
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