M3(5)-Fermentation flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts related to energy metabolism, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration, glycolysis, fermentation processes, and their efficiency in ATP production.

Aerobic Respiration

A metabolic process that requires oxygen to completely oxidize glucose, resulting in a yield of approximately 36-38 ATP. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain without which the entire process of aerobic respiration cannot proceed effectively. The presence of oxygen allows for the complete oxidation of glucose, maximizing the yield of ATP production (approximately 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule).

aerobic respiration(high oxygen)

If oxygen is high energy production is higher

aerobic respiration (low oxygen)

oxygen is low ATP is low

Anaerobic Respiration

A form of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, using inorganic molecules as final electron acceptors. In the absence of oxygen, cells resort to anaerobic metabolism, such as lactic acid fermentation

Fermentation

An anaerobic process where carbohydrates are broken down without oxygen, resulting in products like lactic acid or ethanol.

Final Electron Acceptor

A substance that receives electrons at the end of the electron transport chain; oxygen serves this role in aerobic respiration.

NAD+

An electron carrier that is recycled during fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A type of fermentation occurring in muscle cells that converts pyruvate into lactic acid and regenerates NAD+.

Alcoholic Fermentation

A fermentation process used by yeast that converts pyruvate into ethanol and CO2.

Deamination

The process of removing the amino group from an amino acid, preparing it for entry into glycolysis or the Krebs cycle.

β-Oxidation

The metabolic process by which long-chain fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA units for energy production.

ATP Yield in Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration produces a total of approximately 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.

ATP Yield in Fermentation

Fermentation does not produce additional ATP beyond the 2 ATP generated in glycolysis.