Osmoregulation Flashcards

Flashcards about Osmoregulation

What percentage of our body is made up of fluids?

45-75%

What two compartments will differ in electrolytes?

Intracellular and extracellular

What is the goal of osmotic pressure regulation?

Maintain equal osmolarity

What must osmoregulation control?

Level of H2O and what is in the water

What are the primary metabolic wastes excreted by the excretory system?

H2O, CO2, and nitrogenous compounds

What is the result of protein breakdown?

Nitrogenous wastes

Where does the ammonia that is excreated cycle back to?

Liver

Which nitrogenous waste helps establish osmotic gradient in interstitial fluid?

Urea

Which nitrogenous waste is only secreted?

Creatinine

Which nitrogenous waste is highly toxic?

Ammonia

Which nitrogenous waste requires H2O for excretion and serves as an osmolyte to maintain cell volume?

Urea

Which nitrogenous waste is excreted as semisolid paste and almost no H2O is required?

Uric acid

What type of animal is isosmotic with environment?

Osmoconformer

What type of animal maintains H2O and /or ionic balance independent of environment?

Osmoregulator

What is the role of nephridial organs?

Osmoregulation and excretion

What is the surface opening tubes called?

Nephridiopores

What are the two types of nephridial organs?

Protonephridia and Metanephridia

Which animals have interstitial flame cells on end of tubules?

Protonephridia

Which animals have tubules that are open at both ends with a funnel cell structure?

Metanephridia

What is the role of the kidney?

Main osmoregulatory and excretory organ

What do salt glands remove from the blood?

Excess salt

What are the structures of the human urinary system?

Kidneys, urinary bladder, and associated ducts

What does the renal capsule surround?

Glomerulus

What percentage of nephrons are cortical nephrons?

~ 85%

What does ADH (vasopressin) act on?

Aquaporin-2 (water channels) in collecting duct