GCSE Biology-Mitosis, Cell differentiation and Binary Fission

What is Cell Differentiation

When a cell changes shape to become a specialised cell

What is a Specialised cell

Cell that has a specific job/action that is adapted to perform a particular function in an organism.

Name 3 examples of Specialised cells

Red blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells

What is Mitosis

The process of cell division where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, crucial for growth and repair.

Name all phases of Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

What is Binary Fission

Binary fission is when a prokaryotic organism (Eg.Bacteria) replicated DNA and reproduces Asexually

What are Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated and can turn into any type of specialised cell

What are the problem against stem cell research

Potential human life, and embryos have rights as well as humans

What is the Equation for magnification?

Image size/Real size

If a specimen is 50 micrometres wide then calculate the width of the image of the specimen under a magnification of 100x give answer in mm

5mm (5000 micrometres)

Put instruction ion order to prepare you slide

Drop of water, Cut thinly , put specimen of slide with water , add iodine , place cover slip

How many chromosomes does a human have?

46 chromosomes

What is the calculation for area?

=𝝅r²

What is diffusion?

Gradual movement of particles from low high concentration to low concentration

What is osmosis

Movement of water molecule from a partially permeable membrane from high concentration to low concentration

What is active transport?

Taking substances against the gradient

Which one of these methods uses energy ?

Active transport

Which one is the correct order?

Cells/tissues,organs,organ systems

What is a Enzyme?

A biological catalyst

What is a Substrate?

A particle getting catalyst by enzyme

What factors affect enzyme efficiency ?

PH, Temperature , substrate concentration , Enzyme concentration

What the formula for rate of reaction?

1000/time

name all 4 enzymes?

protease , lipase , protease carbohydrase

What is bile used for?

to neutralise stomach acid and to emulsify fats to allow protease to work efficiently

Name order of digestive system?

Salivary glands , gullet ,liver , stomach , gall bladder , pancreas , small intestine , large intestine and rectum