Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
Elizabeth refused to name an heir or discuss marriage
A plot was hatched in court to deal with the problems of marriage and succession
The plan was to marry MQOS to the Duke of Norfolk (England’s most senior noble) to strengthen Mary’s claim to the throne and any children they had. Mary agreed to the plot
After the plot was discovered, the Earls went on to lead a rebellion and take Northern England, however eventually failed due to the number of the Queen’s forces
Mary Queen of Scots
motive - to get an even stronger claim to the throne for her children
role - to marry the Earl of Norfolk, Thomas Howard
Thomas Howard
motive - he disliked newcomers to Elizabeth’s court and giving the throne to Mary would help get more power and remove them
role - to marry Mary, which he later backed out of doing
Thomas Percy
motive - as a fellow Catholic, getting Mary on the throne would give him more power and a bigger role in court
role - organising and taking part
The Earls were reliant on help from Spanish troops to help their Catholic revolution - the Spanish never arrived
The Northern Earls raise an army of around 4,000 men and moved south, taking over Durham Cathedral and performing a Catholic Mass, and taking over Barnard Castle
14,000 men march for Elizabeth, from the south, causing the rebel forces to flee
The Earls flee to Scotland and the rebellion is defeated
the rebels take Barnard Castle - by taking territory the rebels establish power and control over a land that was owned by the Queen and makes them harder to defeat
not enough men to fight back - 16th Nov, the Earl of Sussex (on Elizabeth’s side) tells the privy council he is having trouble raising men to fight the rebels
all Northern England being controlled by the rebels - further threat to Elizabeth and loss of land/power
Elizabeth was excommunicated in 1570 by Papal Bull for her treatment of the rebels after their capture
prompted harsher treatment of Catholics
first serious Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth
wider definition of treason and harsher punishment under law
Elizabeth refused to name an heir or discuss marriage
A plot was hatched in court to deal with the problems of marriage and succession
The plan was to marry MQOS to the Duke of Norfolk (England’s most senior noble) to strengthen Mary’s claim to the throne and any children they had. Mary agreed to the plot
After the plot was discovered, the Earls went on to lead a rebellion and take Northern England, however eventually failed due to the number of the Queen’s forces
Mary Queen of Scots
motive - to get an even stronger claim to the throne for her children
role - to marry the Earl of Norfolk, Thomas Howard
Thomas Howard
motive - he disliked newcomers to Elizabeth’s court and giving the throne to Mary would help get more power and remove them
role - to marry Mary, which he later backed out of doing
Thomas Percy
motive - as a fellow Catholic, getting Mary on the throne would give him more power and a bigger role in court
role - organising and taking part
The Earls were reliant on help from Spanish troops to help their Catholic revolution - the Spanish never arrived
The Northern Earls raise an army of around 4,000 men and moved south, taking over Durham Cathedral and performing a Catholic Mass, and taking over Barnard Castle
14,000 men march for Elizabeth, from the south, causing the rebel forces to flee
The Earls flee to Scotland and the rebellion is defeated
the rebels take Barnard Castle - by taking territory the rebels establish power and control over a land that was owned by the Queen and makes them harder to defeat
not enough men to fight back - 16th Nov, the Earl of Sussex (on Elizabeth’s side) tells the privy council he is having trouble raising men to fight the rebels
all Northern England being controlled by the rebels - further threat to Elizabeth and loss of land/power
Elizabeth was excommunicated in 1570 by Papal Bull for her treatment of the rebels after their capture
prompted harsher treatment of Catholics
first serious Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth
wider definition of treason and harsher punishment under law