U.S. History Review Sheet

Test is on Tuesday, Oct. 10

Explain how Roanoke was proof that England wasn’t ready for American colonies.

Roanoke was constantly lost and caused several deaths amongst the colonists. England was very unprepared for the circumstances of the colonies.

6 reasons why England wanted colonies in the Americas

Challenge Spain, Religious freedom, home for the homeless, greediness, Mercantilism, Northwest Passage, and to Convert the Natives

What was the purpose of a Joint Stock Company?

Raise money to start the colonies as an investment.

Identify the London and Plymouth Companies

London Company was the Virginia area and the Plymouth Company was the area north of it. They were divided by James I, Elizabeth I’s son.

What were some of the problems that early Jamestwon colonists faces?

Leadership issues, attacks from Indians, diseases, and death from other natural causes

Describe the role of John Smith and John Rolfe at Jamestown

John Smith was credited with saving the colony. John Rolfe developed the tobacco strain.

Identify Pocahontas

She was a captured Indian. Her father was the chief of the Powhatan Chiefdom. During her capture, she was covered in makeup to appear white and blend in but died due to the European diseases.

Discuss the benefits and burdens of tobacco in the Chesapeake colonies

Benefits: saved the economy due to the profitable crop, Burdens: exhausted/overused the land and soil

Explain the three “firsts” at Jamestown in 1619 and the change that took place in 1624

House of Burgesses (first step to democracy), African Slaves (start of slavery in America and further spread slavery), and Ship full of Women (mark of permanence of residence)

What was the difference between a Separatist and a Puritan

Separatist: wanted to separate from the Church of England, Puritan: wanted to purify or clean up the religion

Explain the religious reasons for the founding of the Plymouth and Mass Bay Colonies

To have their own land for their religion and convert the people there.

Identify William Bradford and John Winthrop

William Bradford: Journalist about early Colonization. John Winthrop: led a ship full of Puritans to the colonies (aka Great Awakening)

What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it so important?

Mayflower Compact: preserve and organize the government/their establishment. It’s important because it kept somewhat order.

Why did the Puritans want to build a “city upon a hill”?

They wanted their own place to be like an “altar” to profess their faith. Also to have a place to worship their religion freely.

Define Theocracy and Great Migration

Theocracy is a government based and built along with the Church. The Great Migration was one of the largest movements of people, mainly the African Americans moving from the South to the Northern, Northwestern, and Western colonies for a better life

Discuss some of the reasons why colonists left Mass Bay and started other colonies

Population pressure, Economic reasons, Religious freedom, and Political freedom

What were the seven English colonies in America as of 1632?

Virginia, Mass Bay, Maryland, Plymouth, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire

Why were there no additional colonies until the 1660s?

Civil war

Why were the English colonies founded between 1660 and 1685 known as the “Restoration Colonies”?

Founded during the reign of Charles I’s “restored” children.

List four Restoration Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Carolinas, and Pennsylvania

Why was Georgia founded in 1733?

It was a buffer zone for South Carolina and protected South Carolina from Spanish Floridian attacks

Who founded and who settled Georgia?

James Oglethorpe and barely anyone due to the hostile and battleground environment

Define Mercantilism

An economic theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country

What two things should a colony provide for a mother country?

resources and markets to sell finished goods

What series of laws were passed to make mercantilism work for England?

Banning from selling and buying goods from other countries

Define smuggling

Illegal trade

Why was smuggling both profitable and socially acceptable?

Low to no taxes and everyone did it or benefited from it

What was the Enlightenment?

It was the search for natural laws and why things happened the way they did.

How did the Enlightenment indirectly help cause the American Revolution?

People started to question which led to challenging authority. For example, who put the king as our ruler and why?

What was the Great Awakening?

The revival of religious enthusiasm.

How did the Great Awakening indirectly help cause the American Revolution?

People’s faith was raised and they too question authority.