wjec gcse biology, unit 2

key terms and definitions

bacteria

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes

Biodiversity

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

capture-recapture

A method of estimating the size of a population, by capturing some, tagging, and recapturing.

Classification

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

interspecific competition

competition between different species

intraspecific competition

competition between members of the same species

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment

ecosystems

All the living and non-living things that interect in an area.

biotic

living

abiotic

Non-living

ecotourism

A form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas

What is the kingdom that includes nongreen, eukaryotic organisms?

Fungi

How do fungi reproduce?

By using spores

vertebrates

animals with backbones

morphological adaptations

A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism (web feet).

predation

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.

protist

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

eukaryotes

Cells that contain nuclei

quadrat

A square frame used for sampling in field work.

reforestation

The restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting

transect

to divide by cutting across

genotype

the alleles someone posesses

phenotype

characteristics expressed

recessive allele

an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present.

dominant allele

an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present.

biological control

the use of natural organisms to control pest populations.

5 kingdoms of classification

animals, plants, fungi, single celled organisms, bacteria

dna profiling

A technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. It is often used in forensic science and paternity testing.

describe the process of dna profiling

cutting dna into short parts which are separated into bands

stem cell

an unspecified cell which can be differentiated to meet the demands of its environment

memory cell

specific antigens

mvasp

mutation, variation, advantage, survival and breed, pass on gene to offspring

mutation

a change to the genetic code in a gene

spontanious mutation

a mistake is made when dna is copied during the production of gametes

induced mutation

the chance of a mutation is increased by ionising radiation / certain chemicals

antibiotic resistance

when a bacteria that used to be killed by a drug isnt affected by it anymore

what shape is dna

double helix polymer

heritable evolution

the basis of evolution

who proposed the theory of natural selection

Alfred Russel Wallace, Charles Darwin

glycogen

is a storage substance made of glucose - stored in the liver

glucagon

a hormone that tells your liver to change glycogen back into glucose. made by the pancreas

insulin

is a hormone that tells your liver to change glucose into glycogen. made by the pancreas

osmoregulation

control of water and salt levels in the body