Parental stress can be projected onto their children, which can result in negative outcomes for children
2
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Occupational segregation
pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in different types of jobs
3
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Which gender tends to be relationship barometers?
women
4
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Communication patterns (5): "I'll do whatever you say to make you happy"
placaters
5
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Communication patterns (5): "Do what I say"
blamers
6
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Communication patterns (5): "Let's change the subject"
distractors
7
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Communication patterns (5): "I'm cool and collected"
computers
8
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Communication patterns (5): "Let's talk ing a healthy way"
levelers
9
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What had decreased over the years?
intimate partner violence
10
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Family violence makes for ____ of all violence and _____ of all police-recorded violence
11%; 1/3
11
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_____ of unmarried adults reposted experiencing physical aggression in romantic relationships
48%
12
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Children witnessing IPV is _____ _____ _______ as them being hit themselves
just as detrimental
13
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acts of commission
parent does harmful acts towards child
14
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acts of omission
parent neglects the child's needs
15
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What is the 6th leading cause of death for children under 14?
maltreatment
16
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multipartnered fertility
having children with someone who already has children
17
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Common parental issues (7): difficulties balancing ____ ___ ______
work and family
18
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Common parental issues (7): growing up in a society with _______ _____
conflicting beliefs
19
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Common parental issues (7): overwhelming ______ on child’s life
influence
20
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Common parental issues (7): simultaneously taking care of ______ ____ ______
elderly and children
21
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Common parental issues (7): ______ _______ support
less federal
22
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Common parental issues (7): outside _______ on parenting
interference/opinion
23
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Common parental issues (7): more _______ to raise children properly
pressure
24
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stress model of parental effectiveness
parental stress leads to household conflict / parental depression, which negatively affects positive parenting practices; having social support can help prevent negative outcomes
25
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What are some of the challenges that couples face in the transition to parenthood? (3)
sudden shifts, less connection/relaxation for couple, distant from family/help
26
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Who is expected to be the psychological parent?
the mother
27
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What are social fathers and do they improve the household?
Nonbiological unmarried male figures; no
28
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What are nonresidential fathers and why do they cause?
Fathers that do not live with their biological children; family instability
29
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Authoritarian
low warmth, high expectations
30
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Permissive
high/low warmth, low expectations
31
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Authoritative
high warmth, high expectations
32
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“Hurried” child
Spends more time on adult readiness than play due to parents
33
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Helicopter parents
Hover and excessively mediate child’s life
34
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Native American families value personal autonomy in children; what kind of parenting style can this be associated with?
permissive
35
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What is the Confucian training doctrine (3 values upheld by Asian American families)?
Parental love, “training” (shame and guilt), and familial loyalty
36
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What type of punishment is mostly used by Black families?
spanking
37
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What are multigenerational punishments?
Legal rules that disrupt families for generations (I.e. deportation)
38
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Hispanic parents commonly use what type of authority?
hierarchal
39
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Race socialization
Parents teaching their children to take pride in their race
40
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Grandfamilies
Families where grandparents are the head
41
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Formal Kindship Care
Grandparents who are licensed foster parents
42
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Instrumental goals encourage ___ to be in the workplace
men
43
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The female demographic for _____ ____-______ _______ outweighed men
desiring high-paying careers
44
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Role conflict
demands of certain roles intersect one another
45
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Both unpaid and paid work for both sexes has ______ over the years
increased
46
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Good Providers
Focus on financially providing more than involvement
47
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Involved Fathers
Focus on involvement more than financially providing
48
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What increased for women in WWI, WWII, and the Great Depression?
employment
49
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Women make what proportion of men’s earnings?
81%
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Motherhood penalty
Parenthood can negatively impact women’s salary
51
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Neotraditional
1950s social norms
52
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What two concepts are used to explore interface between working and family?
Structure-functionalist perspective; social policy
53
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Casual feedback loop
Gender inequality in the workplace impact familial decisions and vice versa
54
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Solutions for work-family balance (4)
Family leave, adequate wages, flexible scheduling, quality child/elder care
55
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What do family-friendly workplaces advocate for (2)
On-site childcare, family leave, etc.
56
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Family cohesion
how united the family members are
57
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): Openly express ______ of others
appreciation
58
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): _____ levels of _____ to the family unit
high; commitment
59
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): Prioritize _____ time
quality
60
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): Positively resolve _____
crises
61
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): Have ______ _______
spiritual orientations
62
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Cohesive Family Characteristics (6): _______ communication
positive
63
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What are relationship ideologies?
couples' expectations for closeness, distance, and fulfilling roles
64
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What are warm relationships?
High love, low antagonism
65
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What are tempestuous/stormy relationships?
High love, high antagonism
66
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What are bland relationships?
Low love, low antagonism
67
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What are hostile relationships?
Low love, high antagonism
68
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Relationship-focused coping
coping that does not harm relationship
69
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What are three indirect expressions of anger?
Passive aggression, sabotage, displacement (directing anger towards partner’s possessions)