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Apixaban brand
Eliquis
Apixaban class
Factor Xa inhibitor, DOAC
Apixaban MOA
Factor Xa inhibitor, inhibiting blood coagulation
Apixaban side effects
Bleeding, anemia, nausea
Apixaban dose
5 mg PO BID
Apixaban contraindications
Pregnancy, active bleeding, unstable PE
Apixaban BBW
Increased risk when stopped too soon, risk of hematoma with epidural or spinal puncture
Dabigatran brand
Pradaxa
Dabigatran class
Anticoagulant, direct thrombin inhibitor
Dabigatran MOA
Directly inhibits thrombin
Dabigatran side effects
Dabigatran dose
150 mg PO BID
Dabigatran contraindications
Dabigatran BBW
Increased risk of thrombotic events with premature discontinuation
Heparin brand
Heparin
Heparin class
Anticoagulant
Heparin MOA
Activates antithrombin, which inhibits coagulation factors
Heparin side effects
Heparin dose
80 units/kg IV push followed by 18 units/kg/hr continuous infusion
Heparin contraindications
Severe thrombocytopenia, uncontrolled active bleeding, history of HIT
Heparin BBW
None
Warfarin brand
Coumadin, Jantoven
Warfarin class
Anticoagulant, vitamin K inhibitor
Warfarin MOA
Inhibits vitamin K dependent coagulation factor synthesis
Warfarin side effects
Bleeding, abdominal cramps/pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, taste changes, edema
Warfarin dose
Individualized
Warfarin contraindications
Pregnancy, active bleeding, blood dyscrasias, spinal puncture
Warfarin BBW
Risk of major or fatal bleeding, must monitor closely
Rivaroxaban brand
Xarelto
Rivaroxaban class
Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor, DOAC
Rivaroxaban MOA
Selectively blocks active site of factor Xa, inhibiting blood coagulation
Rivaroxaban side effects
Bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain, pruritus, dizziness
Rivaroxaban dose
10-20 mg PO qD
Rivaroxaban contraindications
Major bleeding, acute PE, prosthetic heart valve, pregnancy
Rivaroxaban BBW
Increased thrombotic and stroke risk if treatment is stopped prior to completion, hematoma risk with spinal puncture
Polyethylene glycol brand
GlycoLax, MiraLax
Polyethylene glycol class
Osmotic laxative
Polyethylene glycol MOA
Causes water retention in stool
Polyethylene glycol side effects
Nausea, abdominal distension, cramping, flatulence, diarrhea
Polyethylene glycol dose
17 g PO qD
Polyethylene glycol contraindications
GI obstruction, known or suspected
Polyethylene glycol BBW
None
Docusate brand
Colace, Surfak
Docusate class
Emollient laxative
Docusate MOA
Facilitates the mixing of stool fats and water
Docusate side effects
Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, bitter taste
Docusate dose
50-300 mg divided qD or BID
Docusate contraindications
Fecal impaction, appendicitis, GI obstruction
Docusate BBW
None
Loperamide brand
Imodium
Loperamide class
Antidiarrheal
Loperamide MOA
Slows intestinal motility
Loperamide side effects
Loperamide dose
Loading dose: 4 mg, then 2 mg after each loose stool for up to 16 mg/day, chronic idiopathic constipation: 24 mcg PO BID
Loperamide contraindications
Loperamide BBW
Torsade’s de pointes, sudden death, abuse potential
Ondansetron brand
Zofran
Ondansetron class
5HT3 receptor antagonist
Ondansetron MOA
Selectively antagonizes serotonin 5-HT3 receptors
Ondansetron side effects
Dizziness, headache, diarrhea, constipation, urinary retention, fatigue, agitation
Ondansetron dose
4-8 mg PO/IV q8h PRN
Ondansetron contraindications
Congenital long QT syndrome
Ondansetron BBW
None
Promethazine brand
Phenergan
Promethazine class
1st generation antihistamine, antiemetic
Promethazine MOA
Antagonizes central and peripheral H1 receptors, also possess anticholinergic properties resulting in antiemetic and sedative effects
Promethazine side effects
Drowsiness, sedation, blurred vision, dizziness, confusion, disorientation, photosensitivity, dermatitis, urinary retention
Promethazine dose
6.25-25 mg TID or QID PRN
Promethazine contraindications
Age < 2, respiratory depression, coma, SQ injection
Promethazine BBW
Contraindicated in patients under 2, injection can cause severe tissue damage, caution advised
Dicyclomine brand
Bentyl
Dicyclomine class
Anticholinergic
Dicyclomine MOA
Antagonizes acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, relaxes smooth muscle, inhibits bradykinin and histamine induced muscle spasms
Dicyclomine side effects
Dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, nervousness, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention
Dicyclomine dose
20-40 mg PO QID
Dicyclomine contraindications
Patients <6 months, unstable CV status, glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, obstructive GI disease
Dicyclomine BBW
None
Meclizine brand
Antivert, Bonnie
Meclizine class
1st generation antihistamine, antiemetic
Meclizine MOA
Suppresses vestibular end-organ receptors and inhibits activation of central cholinergic pathways
Meclizine side effects
Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, urinary retention, blurred vision, tachycardia, photosensitivity
Meclizine dose
25-100 mg qD in divided doses
Meclizine contraindications
None
Meclizine BBW
None
Amoxicillin brand
Amoxil, Moxatag
Amoxicillin class
Beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic
Amoxicillin MOA
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Amoxicillin side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash
Amoxicillin dose
250-500 mg q8h
Amoxicillin contraindications
Allergy to any beta-lactam antibiotics
Amoxicillin BBW
None
Metronidazole brand
Flagyl
Metronidazole class
1st generation nitroimidazole
Metronidazole MOA
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Metronidazole side effects
Nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, metallic taste, rash, headache, dizziness
Metronidazole dose
500 mg PO q8h
Metronidazole contraindications
1st trimester pregnancy, alcohol use during or 14 days after use
Metronidazole BBW
Carcinogenic in mice, avoid unnecessary use