biology quarter 3 exam review

any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body

disease

any organism that cause disease

pathogen

runaway growth of the body’s own cells

cancer

the most common immunological diseases

allergies

tumor that shows no tendency to spread through the body

benign

substances with the capability to cause cancer

carcinogens

three bacterial shapes

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

diseases caused by fungi

mycotic

formulated the germ concept of disease

louis pasteur

a molecule of genetic material enclosed in a geometric protein structure

virus

a person who displays no symptoms of a disease but can pass on the pathogens

carrier

an animal that transmits infection

vector

an epidemic that affects a large portion of the earth

pandemic

virus that causes AIDS

HIV

a substance that stimulates your body to develop an acquired immunity to a disease

vaccine

tissue fluid after entering the lymph vessels

lymph

y-shaped protein molecules that deactivate pathogens and help mark them for destruction

antibodies

the body’s largest lymph organ

spleen

the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor

evolution

put together the doctrine of ideas

plato

put together the doctrine of intellect

aristotle

the idea that living things can arise from nonliving things

spontaneous generation

father of anatomy

vesalius

invented antiseptics

lister

the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects

materialism

all living things are composed of living units called cells and of cell products and that all cells come from preexisting cells

cell theory

idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life

scientism

living things can come only from other living things

law of biogenesis

basis for one’s philosophy

worldview

basis of a Christian’s worldview

Bible

idea that the present is the only key to the past

uniformitarianism

first book by charles darwin

origin of species

the idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members

natural selection

variation within a species has definite _______ .

limits

the science of improving the human species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race”

eugenics

changes within a particular kind of organism

speciation

the study of fossils

paleontology

how many missing links have been found?

zero

where can we find an actual example of the geologic column?

nowhere

fossils related to a specific layer in the geologic column

index fossils

book written by darwin on the origins of man

descent of man

most important difference between man and ape is that man was made ___ _______ ________ .

in God’s image

fossil that ended up being a hoax

piltdown man

fossil made from the tooth of a pig

nebraska man

fossil that is now classified as an orangutan

ramapithecus

classification of “lucy”

a. afarensis

classification of the “taung child”

a. africanus

fossil lost during WWII

peking man

fossil now classified as homo sapien sapien

hint: found in a french cave

cro magnon man

handy-man

homo habilis

fossil found in a german valley

neanderthal man

organs with a similar function but different internal structure

analogy

organs with similar function and similar internal structure

homology

random errors in genetic material

mutation

prime example of natural selection

peppered moth

made the idea of embryonic recapitulation

haeckel

creation and evolution are both believed by _______ .

faith

the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment

ecology

an organism’s environment or home

habitat

the relatively thin layer of earth’s surface in which life exists

biosphere

large geographic regions within the biosphere

biomes

basic unit of ecology

ecosystem

all of the living things in an ecosystem

community

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same ecosystem

population

the smallest living unit of the biosphere

organisms

an ecosystem’s ability to withstand and recover from changes

stability

the maximum population size an ecosystem can support

carrying capacity

the number and variety of a species living within an ecosystem

biodiversity

nonliving factors including radiation, temperature, water, atmosphere, wind, and soil

abiotic

although factors in the ecosystem are always changing, the ecosystem as a whole will stay the same

dynamic equilibrium

living factors of an ecosystem

biotic

ideal range in which an organism thrives

optimum range

anything outside an organisms tolerance range

limiting factor

organisms that make their own food using inorganic materials

autotrophs

organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain nutrients from organic materials

heterotrophs

comsumers that feed only on other animals

carnivores

consumers that feed only on plants or producers

herbivores

consumers that feed on both plants and animals

omnivores

organisms that recycle nutrients back into the soil by breaking down detritus into simpler molecules

decomposers

feed on detritus but cannot convert it into soil component

detritivores

the carnivore in the highest trophic level

top carnivore

model used to show the transfer of food from one trophic level to another

food chain

model used be ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

food web

the function or occupation of a living thing

niche

mass of living matter per unit area

biomass

a close relationship between two different species over a period of time

symbiosis

a relationship in which both organisms benefit

mutualism

a relationship in which ome benefits while the other is harmed

parasitism

relationship in which one one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped

commensalism

a predator-prey relationship

predation

a relationship in which two organisms compete for the same limited resources

competition

a relationship in which one organism inhibits another

amensalism

organisms share only an indirect relationship

neutralism

a relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it

herbivory

water moves from the soil and from the water surfaces of the earth, through the atmosphere, and then back to the earth again

hydrologic cycle

carbon and oxygen are recycled through people, animals, and plants

carbon-oxygen cycle

the combination of a region's climax vegetation and its animal populations

climax community

biome with well-defined seasons, large trees, and diverse animal species

temperate deciduous forest

biome with long and harsh winters, freezing temperatures, snow, ice, wnd high winds

arctic tundras

regions that lose more water through evaporatiom than is gained through rain

desert